Foundations of Technology
Energy and Power
Teacher Resource – Unit 3 Lesson 1
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Foundations of Technology
The BIG Idea
Big Idea:
Advancements in the processing and
controlling of energy have been an enabling
factor in the development of technology.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
There are four laws of thermodynamics
that help to define things like energy, the
flow of energy, and temperature.
Each law helps to define how
these physical properties
behave as well as to
determine what is and
is not possible.
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Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Helps to Define Temperature –
“If each of two systems
is equal to a third, then
the first two are also
equal.”
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Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics:
The Law of Conservation of Energy –
“Energy can neither be
created nor destroyed,
however energy can
flow from one form to
another.”
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics:
Internal Energy and the Relationship to
Temperature –
“If a system has a temperature, then the
total energy of the system has three
parts—kinetic energy, potential energy,
and internal energy—and as the internal
energy increases, so does the potential
energy.”
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Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics:
Heat Flow is a Form of Energy Transfer –
“Heat that flows from a hot system to a
cold system can be expressed as energy
transfer.”
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics:
“When a tool/machine moves
an object, the object absorbs
some of the energy from the tool/machine.”
Performing Work is a Form of
Energy Transfer
Work is equal to the force you exert and
the distance an object moves.
W=FXD
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Flows Away From its Source –
“Energy or heat cannot move from a cold
system to a hot system, and you cannot
continually produce work
without adding energy
Source
because energy flows
away from its source.”
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
The Third Law of Thermodynamics
As a System Approaches Absolute Zero,
Energy is Not Produced –
“Molecules cease to move
as temperatures reach
absolute zero,
thus energy
is not produced.”
© 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
Quick Review:
The Zeroth Law helps to define temperature.
First Law of Thermodynamics discusses:
Law of Conservation of Energy
Internal Energy and the Relationship to
Temperature
Heat Flow is a Form of Energy Transfer
Performing Work is a Form of Energy Transfer
© 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Thermodynamics
Quick Review:
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
states that energy flows away from its
source.
The Third Law of Thermodynamics states
that as a system approaches absolute
zero, energy is not produced.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
How Energy
is Generated
1. Coal is transported into
the plant, where it is
burned, producing
chemical energy.
2. The heat or thermal energy created
causes water from the condenser to
form steam.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
3. The steam turns
the blades of the
turbine, which is
attached to the
generator.
4. The generator converts the mechanical
energy into electrical energy. Electrical energy is
stored and transported to the consumer.
Power Systems
All Power Systems have a source of
energy, a process, and a load.
Using the previous example of Coal:
Source
Process
Load
• Coal
• Combustion of Coal to Turn the Turbine
• The Infrastructure (houses, business,
industry) Connected to the Power System
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Forms of Energy
There are six major forms of energy:
1. Thermal – or heat, the
vibration/movement of atoms within
systems.
2. Radiant – or light, the electromagnetic
energy that travels in transverse waves.
3. Electrical – energy made available by the
flow of an electric charge through a
conductor.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Forms of Energy
There are six major forms of energy:
4. Mechanical – energy stored in the
movement of objects or systems
5. Chemical – energy stored in the bonds of
atoms and molecules (examples:
biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and
coal)
6. Nuclear – energy stored in the nucleus of
an atom—the energy that holds the
nucleus together
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Renewable
Vs. Non-Renewable
Power plants generate electricity from
various energy resources.
Energy sources can be classified as:
Renewable:
Non-Renewable:
Water
Fossil Fuels
Wind
Uranium
Solar
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural resources
like water, wind, and solar.
Hydroelectric power plants use the downward flow of water
to turn the blades of a turbine.
Wind works similarly; as wind blows, it turns the blades of a
turbine.
Solar power plants generate electricity by converting the
radiant energy from sunlight to electrical energy.
Renewable energy accounts for 17% of the worlds energy
sources.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Non-Renewable Energy
Nonrenewable resources are resources
that are limited or fossil fuels, like coal, oil,
and natural gas.
Fossil fuels provide around 81% of the world’s
electrical power.
However, oil and coal power
plants produce harmful
environmental emissions.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Non-Renewable Energy
Nuclear power is also considered a
nonrenewable energy source.
Nuclear power is generated using uranium
and produces around 3% of the world’s
energy needs.
The heat generated from fission
when atoms split releases
heat energy which
produces steam and turns
the blades of a turbine.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Energy Flow Diagrams
There are two common diagrams used to
show the flow of energy within any
system:
Sankey Diagram
Flow Diagram
Both are used to show what is happening
to a particular type of energy as it is used
or changed in a process or situation.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Energy Flow Diagrams
A Sankey Diagram shows the type of
energy that goes into a system and how
the energy is converted, which also
includes wasted energy, usually in the
form of heat.
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STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology
Energy-Flow Diagrams
A Flow Diagram depicts
how energy moves
through a system and
includes the type of
energy and how that
energy is generated and
stored.
The example to the right
shows how energy moves
through a Hybrid Car.
© 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology