Embedded Computer Architecture
5KK73
TU/e
2014
www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture
Henk Corporaal
www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco
Embedded Systems Courses
• We go through all the design steps of a complete
multi-processor embedded system
– (containing hardware and software)
• Discuss many design trade-offs
• 4 connected courses:
–
–
–
–
4/13/2015
Systems on Silicon:
Embedded Processor Architecture:
Multiprocessors:
Embedded System Laboratory:
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
5kk60
5kk73
5kk80
5kk03
H. Corporaal
2
Embedded Processor Architecture
Objectives:
• Study the processing components of future multiprocessor platforms, ranging from
– highly flexible processors, to
– highly computational-efficient processors
• Learn how to program these platforms and map
applications to them
• Learn how to exploit the (data) memory
hierarchy
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
3
Processor design spectrum
efficiency
high
ASIC
medium
ASIP
DSP
low
GP proc
FPGA
low
4/13/2015
medium
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
high
flexibility
H. Corporaal
4
Your smartphone
• 3 Watt
– 1 Watt for digital electronics
– 1 Watt for radio
– 1 Watt for the rest
• Battery: 4 Wh
• 4G LTE smartphones: 100 Gops / Watt
– radio
40 Gops
– media processing 20 Gops
– graphics
6.5 Gops
• 5G LTE advanced: 1Top / Watt  1pJ/op
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
5
Computational complexity
1 pJ/op
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
6
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
7
How far are we: ARM Cortex-M0+
• From: http://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m/cortex-m0plus.php
– The most energy efficient ARM processor
• An optimized architecture with a core pipeline of
just two stages, enables the Cortex-M0+ processor
to achieve a power consumption of just
9.8µW/MHz (90LP process, minimal
configuration), while raising the performance
to 2.15 CoreMark/MHz.
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
8
System-on-Chip: TI OMAP5430
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
9
Topics (1)
• Basic RISC principles
– MIPS example and implementation details
– ARM overview
•
•
•
•
•
VLIW and DSP architectures
SIMD architectures
GPUs
ASIPs and Accelerators
MIMD architectures
– NoC and MPSoC
• Compiling code for ILP architectures
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
10
Topics (2)
• RTOS
• Neural Network Architectures
• Data Memory Management techniques
– Loop transformations
• Student presentations
– based on recent articles
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
11
Lab exercises
1. Exploration:
•
Programming and Exploration using the
SiliconHive (Intel) architecture
2. Programming a real MP platform:
•
GPU
3. Program transformations:
•
•
4/13/2015
Optimizing the memory behavior of your program
to achieve extreme low power
Applying loop transformations
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
12
Exam and Grading
• Exam is oral
• Labexercises can be largely done at home
• Grading:
– 30 % theory +
– 60 % assignments +
– 10% student presentation
• Material:
– Website
http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture
– Slides and Handouts (incrementally available_
– Lab material (will be put online)
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
13
Questions?
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
14
Embedded System Architectures on Silicon
TIVO
Application oriented
smart devices
• adaptable, flexible
• real-time DSP
… implemented in silicon
1 cm2
1V
1W
10 Euro
not a Pentium but a
domain specific and
programmable ES
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
15
Embedded System Architect
Applications
(DSP) algorithms
C/C++, Java
Matlab, SDL, ...
Embedded System Architect
low power
analog,
robustness/dfm
VHDL, Verilog
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
• is reponsible for a strategic
interaction between the
different disciplines
• has a basic knowledge of the
different disciplines
• is a generalist, not a specialist
Challenge:permanently
confronted with new
domains
H. Corporaal
16
Complexity
[DeMan]
Complexity depends on
• the number of different component types (not number of components)
• different types of interactions
• lack of structure in the interactions
Complex
simple
Complexity is different for the architect and for the IC technologist
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
17
Comparison
embedded system
purpose-built and programmable
appliance oriented smart devices
multiple hw/sw platforms
real-time constraint
system adapts to the environment
high reliability (no reset button)
user friendly
deeply embedded software
running on limited resources
PC
general purpose
Who “Computes”, anyway ?
Single hardware platform
ASAP (as soon as possible)
env. adapts to the system (wait)
lower reliability
difficult to use
end-user software
unlimited resources
BUT: both use similar technology
e.g. programmable cores, RTOS (e.g. Win-CE)
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
18
Embedded Systems: Characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
safety critical
reactive:
fast reaction on critical control events
portable:
weight, power dissipation
mobile:
network protocols, power dissipation
consumer systems: cost, reliability, user friendly
interface
• professional systems: availability, reliability, remote
analysis and diagnosis, redundancy
• multimedia: text, graphics, speech, audio, images and
video
• connected through various standards
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
H. Corporaal
19
Where are these embedded systems
• 70 micro-controllers in a
modern high end car:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4/13/2015
Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73
engine control,
ABS,
airbag,
airco,
interior illumination,
central lock,
alarm, radio, …
H. Corporaal
20