18.1 Introduction to urban environmental management
18.2 Urban development and urban environmental problems
18.3 The development of urban environmental management
18.4 Urban environmental management system
18.5 The approaches and methods of urban environmental management
18.6 Case study
18.1 Introduction
The substance of urban environmental management：
Conscious self-restraint
By administration, economy, law, education , technology and etc. treatments
Fundamental guarantee for urban sustainable development
The characteristics of urban environmental management
Systematicness
Activity
Prediction
Coordination
18.2 Urban development and urban environmental problems
18.2.1 The Stage of Urban Development
 Stage performance
 The problems of the relationship research between economic
growth and environmental quality are as followings:
☆The research is focused on national rather than urban
☆Neglect the problem of ecological environmental which is related to
lifestyle.
☆ The research of the evolution in urban ecological environment is
every little.
 Three general types of urban ecological environment
Figure 18-1 The structural characteristics of urban ecological environment problems and the
stage model of urban development
18.2.2 Ecological city
O. Yanistky ,a former Soviet urban ecologist proposed five principles of
ecological city in 1987
ecological
protection
Ecological basic
supporting
infrastructure
integrate natrue into
city
Definition of ecological city
Landscape city and garden city
The protection of
historical culture
guarantee the standard
of residents living
城市生态系统
提供生产、生活资料
消纳生产、生活废物
生态支持子系统
社会经济子系统
社
会
子
系
统
经
济
子
系
统
资
源
子
系
统
环
境
子
系
统
生态建设，生态补偿
提高系统承载能力
Figure 18-2 The composite structure of urban ecological system
18.3 The development of urban
environmental management
18.3.1 Urban environment pollution control
end treatment of
pollution
the prevention and control of
pollution sources
prevention in the first place, integrating
prevention with controlI,integrated control
18.3.2 Management of urban ecological environment
 Substance: manage Human’s Behavior by themselves in the city.
 Aim: Coordinate development of environment and economy to create
a good apace which is fit to live and develop ultimately.
健康
安全
生态
城市
活力
发展
Figure 18-3 Sustainable development planning concept of urban ecological in Guangzhou
18.4 Urban environmental management system
18.4.1
System frame of urban environmental management system
Identification and evaluation
of environmental factors
environmental policy
Requirements of rules
and regulations
Target and index
Management scheme
operation
summary
Training
monitoring
evaluation
Figure 18-4 Inside logical process of environmental management system
18.4.2 The policy and principle of urban
environmental management
Generally,it should be considered as the following aspects when
formulating the environmental policy:
The nature and scale of the urban development’s
construction activities
The principle of continuous improvement
The principle of preventing pollution
 Urban natural environment and socio-economic condition
Relevant environmental regulations and requirements
18.4.3 The system and organization of urban environmental management
Figure 18-5 The organization of China urban environmental management
18.4.4 The plan of urban environmental management
Urban environmental
predictability
management
Environmental
monitoring
immediate feedback
Approach
Content
Legal means
Compulso
ry
measure
Administrative means
Economic
means
Noncompulsor
y measure
Pigou means
Coase means
Educational means
Environmental Protection Legislation
Environmental special funds, environmental
research, education investment, guidance of
environmental industry, environmental
planning supervision
Ecological taxation, pollution charge,
environmental subsidies, emissions trading
system, resource consultation system
Popularization of environmental protection
knowledge, indoctrination of environmental
protection laws and regulations
Figure 18-1 Means of urban environmental management
18.5 The approaches and methods of urban environmental
management
18.5.1
Pollutant index management
(1) Pollutant concentration index management
 Comprehensive index
 Index of classification
 Single index
(2) Total emissions index management
Control the total emissions
Emission declaration
Total auditing
Grant of emission certification and temporary
emission certification
The management of environmental capacity and total
emissions
The key to implementation of total emissions management is the reasonable distribution
and allocate of total emissions. Assume that the environmental capacity of pollutant X in
certain area is M, total emissions control means the total emission of the pollutant X is Q,
it should be less than or equal to M. If there are n pollution sources in the pollutant X, the
emission of each source pollution is Qxi (I = 1,2..., n), the total emissions control should
meet the following formula :
n
 Qx
i 1
i
 Mx
i  1,2,...,n
If the emission of i pollution source is Qxi0 and Qxi1 before and after
treatment, the cut amount of i pollution source is . Qxi  Qxi0  Qxi1 If the
treatment expenses of the i pollution source is Cxi, the objective function of
regional optimization costs should be: n
min Fx 
c
i 1
xI
18.5.2 Comprehensive treatment of urban environment
(1) The principle of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
(2) The main task of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
 Set a comprehensive treatment goal
 Draw up the comprehensive treatment program correctly
 Reform environmental management system
(3) The quantitative estimation of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
(4) The result of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
18.5.3 Eco-efficiency management
(1) Environment management efficiency and environment benefit
 The implementation of benefit is based on efficiency
 The efficiency of environmental management is equal to
environmental benefit/the cost of environmental management
(2) methods to improve the efficiency of environmental management
(3) Government's role in implementation of Eco-efficiency environment
management
(4) Reduce the gap of policy between individual and social
 Economic method to promote factory or community to save energy
and raw material
 Special effect can also supply a new implement to eco-efficiency
management
18.5.4 Informatization in urban environmental management
Table 18-2 The main indicators of city-level environmental infomationization construction in Tenth Five- Year Plan.
Main task
Detail indicators
Establish and improve the
system of national
environment information
network
80% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and some good county level
Environmental Protection Bureau join the national environment
information network system, to achieve interconnection and exchanging
information
Information construction of
government and business
80% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and some good county level
Environmental Protection Bureau implementate Office Automation and
carry out daily management by network of computer.
The construction of
information resource
50% municipal environmental protection bureau manage and share the
environment information through resource platform
Environmental Information
Services
More than 70% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau start to use
Internet site, and meanwhile, provide environmental information service to
the public through other variety methods.
Personnel’s competency and
computer skills
60% environmental management staff in municipal environmental protection
bureau can use computer to work after trained. 90% municipal
Environmental Protection Bureaus establish the environment information
agencies and teams,forming the stable and reliable environment
information management system and work ability.
Urban ecological sustainable development planning information integration
system (EPIS) of Guangzhou
The aim of EPIS:
 Expression the results of planning and make people
convenience to use it
 Make management persons convenience to find and check the
basic information
 Establish regulation to data management and ecological
construction management
The function of EPIS system is as follows:
 Date integration
 Information query
 Space analysis
18.6 Case study
18.6.1 Urban environmental management system of Xiamen
The guiding ideology of environmental
management. figure 18-6
Environmental management goals
Environmental management indicator
 Environmental management organization.
figure 18-7
Environmental management policy
Figure 18-6 Xiamen Gulanyu
Figure 18-7The structure of Xiamen environmental protection agency
Xiamen Environmental Protection Agency
environmental supervision central
stations
scientific research institute of
environmental protection
environment information center
Environmental propaganda and
education center
management office of egret nature
reserve in Lantau Island
preparation and construction office of
industrial solid wastes management
centre
Xiangan environmental
protection sub-bureau
Tongan environmental protection
sub-bureau
Haicang environmental
protection sub-bureau
Jimei environmental protection
sub-bureau
Huli environmental protection
sub-bureau
Siming environmental protection
sub-bureau
Ecological protection
board
Supervision and
management board
Pollution control
board
Policy and regulation
department
Division of Personnel
and Party Affairs
office
environment monitoring central
stations