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Bonneville Power Administration - Pumped Storage Evaluation
Northwest Hydroelectric Association Meeting Feb 24, 2011
Pump-Generating Plant
Lake
Roosevelt
Pipe to the
Feeder Canal
and Banks Lake
Reclamation’s John W. Keys III Pump
Generating Plant at Grand Coulee
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Wind Power is Growing Fast !!!
Utility Balancing
Authority
Installed
Wind
(A)
Peak
Load
(B)
Wind
Penetration
(A/B)
PacifiCorp East
860
5,689
15%
PacifiCorp West
PNM
Northwestern
Energy
CAISO
ERCOT
BPA 2009
BPA 2010
250
200
3,555
2,500
7%
8%
150
1,724
8%
2,800
5,800
2,600
3,379
49,071
62,400
10,500
10,500
6%
9%
25%
32%
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Energy Storage for Support of Wind Integration

“I want to assure you the Administration places a priority on
improving the Nation's capabilities to integrate renewable resources
into its electricity supply. I support the full exploration of pumped
storage potential in the context of providing necessary intermittent
renewable integration services. Pumped storage has unique potential
in the Pacific Northwest where a higher percentage of wind generation
has already been integrated into the region's transmission system
than anywhere else in the Nation.”
─ U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu,
in a letter to the Governors of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and
Montana; July 10, 2009

The Northwest Power and Conservation Council draft 6th Power Plan
points out that pumped storage is one of the few storage concepts
with “bulk” storage potential.

BPA’s draft Resource Program considers that pumped storage could
provide BPA with a unique opportunity to return flexibility to the
Federal hydro system.
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Wind Generation in the Last Week
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“Accurate Scheduling Model”
Actual accumulated generation imbalance
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Pumped Storage Evaluation – Overall Plan
Summer-Fall 2009
Information Gathering
Fall 2009 - Present
Pumped Storage Evaluation
Add Pumped Storage
to an Existing
Federal Facility
 USACE
 USBR
1. Evaluate Storage
Technology Options (PNNL)
2. Evaluate State of the Art
Pumped Storage
(MWH/USACE)
Specific Build Decisions
System Analysis, Design
Parameters, and
Economics
Contract Awarded to
HDR/DTA
3. Pumped Storage Forum
(USACE/BPA)
Voith, Toshiba, Alstom, Andritz
New Federal Pumped
Storage Project
 USACE
 USBR
Non-Federal Pumped
Storage Project
 Purchase Use
 Partnering
Arrangement
Banks Lake Pumped
Storage
4. Banks Lake Pumped
Storage Evaluation (USBR)
 Equipment Upgrades
 Expansion
Alternatives
 Operational Changes
Slide 6
Banks Lake Pumped
Storage
Improvements
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HDR/DTA Report
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage for Enabling Variable Energy Resources
within the Federal Columbia River Power System
• Pumped storage has significant potential in the Pacific Northwest…
• Keys Pump-Generating Plant is underutilized and with modernization and
potential upgrades can be a near term resource for wind integration.
• Grid scale energy storage would be a valuable asset for long term expected
levels of wind in the future.
Recommendations and Suggested Next Steps:
─ Model Development - Develop Tools to more accurately assess the capabilities of
─
─
─
pumped storage to enable the integration of higher levels of variable generation in the
FCRPS.
Keys Pump-Generating Plant - Pursue Equipment Modernization and Upgrades
Greenfield Project – Continue evaluation of a greenfield pumped storage project
Regional/National Communication – Pursue regional collaborative evaluation of a
greenfield pumped storage project
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Bureau of Reclamation
Technical Service Center
• John W. Keys III Pump Generating Plant, Columbia Basin Project
Special Report
October 2009
• Appraisal Level Technical Evaluation for Modernization of John W. Keys III
Pump Generating Plant, Columbia Basin Project
Phase II Planning Study
February 2011
Funding Agreement for Evaluation of Keys Pump-Generating Plant Modernization signed
by BPA and Reclamation on June 15, 2010
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John W. Keys III Pump Generating Plant
Original installation in 1951
six 50 MW pumping units
Upgrade in 1973
two 50 MW pump/generators
installed
Upgrade in 1983-84
four 53.5 MW pump/
generators installed
Current Capacity
Pumping – 12 Units 614 MW
Generating – 6 Units 314 MW
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Keys Pump-Generating Plant Assessment
USBR Technical Service Center and HDR Recommendations Under Evaluation:
─ Modernization
• Excitation
• Governors
• Breakers
• Unit Controls and Protection
• PG Phase Reversal Switches
• Pump Motor Disconnect Switches
• PG7 & 8 Wicket Gate Operating Mechanism Improvements
• Main Step-up Transformer & Transformer Disconnect Switches
• Station Service Upgrades
• Miscellaneous Balance-of-Plant refurbishment
• Estimated Cost $85-$145M
─ Upgrade of Pump-Generator Units 7-12
• Preference is to increase the operating head range of the PG units
• Secondary goal is to increase Capacity (a 20% increase would result in pumping
•
capacity – 660MW, generating capacity – 360MW)
Estimated Cost $80-$140M
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HDR/DTA Report – Greenfield Pumped Storage Examples
Project Feature/Characteristic
Project X1
Project X2
Upper Reservoir
New off-channel reservoir
New off-channel reservoir
Storage Volume (ac-ft)
15,000
3,000,000
Active Surface Area (acre)
282
11,750
Dam Height (ft.)
150
780
Max. Water Surface Elev. (msl)
2,436
2,159
New off-channel reservoir
Existing reservoir
Active Storage Volume (ac. ft.)
15,000
3,000,000+
Surface Area (acres)
209
80,000
Max. Water Surface Elev. (msl)
624
1,290
Approx. Net Head (ft.)
1,700
870
Conveyance Length (ft.)
4,800
14,800
Plant Capacity (MW)
1,050
1,136
Units Sizes/Number
250/4
282/4
Est. Annual Generation (GWh)
1,560
1,760
Est. Annual Pumping (GWh)
1,950
2,200
Transmission Line Length (mi.)
5.0
7.5
Est. Capital Cost (Million $, 2010)
2,733
8,162
Cost per Installed MW (Million $)
2.603
Lower Reservoir
Slide 11
7.185
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Other Potential Solutions for Integrating Wind

Transmission additions to reach/blend diverse wind projects

Generators self supply balancing reserves

Continued scheduling improvements

Explore virtual Balancing Area consolidation

Enhanced storage capability:

Conservation

Demand response

Smart Grid applications

Purchase balancing reserves from a third party
─ Batteries
─ Pumped storage
─ Compressed air
─ Flywheels
─ Plug-in electric vehicles
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Wayne Todd
Bonneville Power Administration
watodd@bpa.gov
Slide 13