国
International Carbon Accounting Systems
Yufu Cheng
程裕富
Guangzhou, 10/2010

 Introduction to iCET 能源与交通创新中心简介。
 Carbon Accounting Protocol 碳计算的协议。
 EU experience 欧盟的经验。
 USA experience 北美的经验。
 Important players in China 中国的重要的碳核算与管理机构。
 ECR’s role in Carbon accounting 能效与碳注册系统在碳计
算的重要意义。

•
The Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation (iCET) is a non-profit, nongovernmental organization (NGO) registered in Beijing, China and Pasadena, California.
iCET
’ s core mission is to mitigate climate change through the promotion of clean, low-carbon and energy-efficient policies and technologies in China.
能源与交通创新中心是一家在中国北京和美国加州注册的非赢利，非政府组织，其宗旨是
通过在中国推动清洁，低碳和高能效的政策和技术来减缓气候变化的压力。
•
Projects 主要项目 :
– Low Carbon Transportation 低碳交通
– Climate Changes 气候变化
–
Energy Efficiency 能效
– Sub-national collaboration on Clean Development 地方政府的清洁发展的合作
•
Supported by Charity Foundations, United Kingdom and California Government.
主要的支持单位是基金会，英国政府，加州政府

统
• Funded by Rockefeller Brother Fund and Hewlett Foundation
• 由美国洛克菲勒兄弟基金会和惠普基金会的 资助
• The goal is to set up a reporting system for Energy and Carbon
Registry, this system is complied with ISO GHG emission standard.
• 为中国开发和建立一套符合
ISO
标准的碳排放与能效注册系统 —
—“ 中国能源与碳注册系 统 (CECR)”
• Establish baseline to inform reduction strategy
– You can’t manage what you don’t measure!
– Prepare for regulation
• 建立一个 节能和减排的基准 ：你无法控制你不知道的参数， 同
时为将来对温室气体的监控打下基础 。

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The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is the most widely used international accounting standard for businesses and other organizations. Developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and World
Business Council for Sustainable Development
(WBCSD) in collaboration with more than 350 leading businesses, it is the basis for nearly every
GHG standard and program in the world.
在全球最为广泛使用的温室气体清算标准，是由世
界资源研究院和世界可持续工商理事会和 350 家知
名企业共同开发。它是世界上几乎所有温室气体清
算的基础。

This ‘publicly available specification’ (known as PAS2050) has been developed in the UK by the British Standards Institute, Defra and the Carbon Trust. Its goal is to provide a consistent framework for assessing the full life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services. PAS2050 was published in
Autumn 2008.
PAS2050 是由 BSI ， Defra 和 Carbon Trust 共
同开发，于 2008 年秋季公布。主要是为产品的
生命周期碳排放的清算提供 一致性的理论和标
准基础。

ISO 14064 is the acronym widely used to refer to a group of
ISO Standards specifying the quantification, reporting, monitoring validation and verification of greenhouse gas.
Part 1 (ISO 14064-1): Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals
Part 2 (ISO 14064-2): Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements
Part 3 (ISO 16064-3): Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions

Arising from the Stern Review, the shadow price of carbon is a mechanism put forward by the UK
Government to embed the environmental cost of carbon into policy and investment decisions.
Although only introduced in late 2007, the idea is gaining traction among businesses keen to integrate carbon emissions data into their bottom line accounting 。


 Carbon Disclosure Project 碳披露项目
 Carbon Trust 碳信用

 International Carbon Action Partnership

The Carbon Disclosure Project is an independent not-for-profit organization Headquartered in UK
碳披露项目是一个独立的非盈利机构， 总部在英国。
 Investor CDP 为投资者而设立的碳披露项目
 Public Procurement 公共管理
 CDP Water Disclosure 碳披露项目的水披露
 CDP Supply Chain 碳披露项目的供应链

CDP sends out its annual information request to companies worldwide on 1 February, after which the online response system is open for data input from disclosing companies.
Corporations should submit their CDP response by the 31
May deadline.
碳披露项目每年二月一日向全球的公司挤出信息邀请，同时开通
网络以便收集信息， 要求公司在 5 月 31 日完成信息。
The report data is based on excel
数据的回报是以 Excel 的形式

The Carbon Trust is a not-for-profit company with the mission to accelerate the move to a low carbon economy, based in UK.
• Cut carbon now by
•Providing specialist advice and finance to
•help organizations cut carbon
•Setting standards for carbon reduction
• Cut future carbon emissions by
•Leading industry collaborations to
•commercialize technologies
•Investing in early stage low carbon
•companies
•Opening markets for low carbon
•technologies

 Providing specialist expertise and finance to help businesses lead the move to a low carbon economy
 Setting clear standards for carbon reduction
 Catalyzing low carbon innovation

 Providing specialist expertise and finance to help businesses lead the move to a low carbon economy
 Setting clear standards for carbon reduction
 Catalyzing low carbon innovation

ICAP Established in Portugal
国际碳行动伙伴关系在葡萄牙成立
17

ICAP Mission
国际碳行动伙伴关系的使命
To contribute to the establishment of a well functioning global carbon market by:
为建立奏效的国际碳市场作出贡献
• Sharing best practices and learning from each others’ experiences.
交流最有效的做法并相互学习。
• Building and strengthening partnerships amongst governments
建立并加强政府间的合作
• Ensuring that design compatibility issues are recognized at an early stage.
保证在早期发展时就设计一致和共通性问题
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ICAP Membership
国际碳行动伙伴关系会员
• 29 Members: 29 个会员
– EU members : European Commission, France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK and Denmark.
欧盟会员：欧盟，法国，德国，希腊，爱尔兰，意大利，荷兰，葡萄牙
，西班牙，英国和丹麦。
– WCI members : California, Arizona, Oregon, Washington, New
Mexico, Manitoba, and British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec.
西部气候策略成员：加利福尼亚，亚利桑那，俄勒冈，华盛顿，新墨西
哥，明尼苏达，大不列颠哥伦比亚，渥太华河魁北克
– RGGI members : Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey and
New York
区域温室气体策略成员：缅因，马里兰，麻省，新泽西和纽约州
– New Zealand, Australia, Norway, and Tokyo
新西兰，澳大利亚，挪威和东京
• 2 Observers: Japan and Ukraine 两个观察员：日本和乌克兰
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ICAP
国际碳行动伙伴关系
• MRV Conference in Brussels on May 19 and 20, 2008 hosted by the European Commission
2008 年五月 19 到 20 日由欧盟委员会主办，在布鲁塞尔召
开可测量，可汇报，可认证大会。
• ICAP MRV Subcommittee and Experts Group
国际碳行动伙伴关系成立可测量，可汇报，可认证二级委
员会和专家委员会
• MRV Conference Report and Discussion Paper
国际碳行动伙伴关系会议报告和讨论文章
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• World’s biggest industrial country ： USA and largest developing country, China. Together:
• 中美作为最大的发展中国家和发达国家，一起共有：
1/4 of the world’s population
1/4 的世界人口
1/3 of the world’s economic output
1/3 的世界经济总产量
1/3 of the world’s energy consumption
1/3 的世界能源总消耗
1/2 of global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use
1/2 的温室气体的总排放
Source: World Bank, IEA, EIA
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The Climate Registry
气候注册组织
• The Registry is a non-profit organization governed by states, provinces and tribes in North
America 北美为基础的非营利组织
• The Registry is a policy neutral, non-advocacy organization 是一个
政策中立，不倡议某一方面。
• The Registry is a membership organization with over 430 members from business, government, NGOs and academia
目前有回报会员 430 家。

 Help organizations measure and manage their carbon footprints 帮助机构测量和管理他们的碳足迹。
 Maintain a GHG emissions registry 维护碳注册系统。
 Provide expert technical support, training, tools, and resources at a low cost 以低费用提供技术支持，培
训，工具和各方面的资源。
 Ensure members receive informative and timely policy updates 保证会员能及时得到气候变化的信息
和政策的更新。
 Create a community of members to share best practices 为会员们建立一个分享成功经验的社区
 Recognize leadership in GHG reporting and reductions 找出在温室气体汇报和前排的姣姣者

Staying ahead of the curve
与时俱进
International policy and reporting 国际政策和碳汇报
The Registry…
• Is on the international Carbon Disclosure Standards Board
• Is partnering with iCET to develop a China registry
• Has served as a resource on GHG reporting to India, Brazil, and the Philippines, among others
• Both iCET and TCR are accredited NGOs to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
气候注册处与能源与交通创新中心都是联合国气候变化框架的观
察员。
Scope 3 范围 3 的汇报
• The Registry is working with the World Resources Institute
(WRI) on developing a North American Scope 3 reporting standard

A Community of Best Practices
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A willing President, a nervous Congress, a poised regulator
一个有意愿的总统，紧张的国会和做好准备的国家环保局
Getting the White House in order 白宫的政令
 Executive order for federal agencies to report and reduce GHG emissions, assess collecting GHG data from suppliers
Congress 国会的犹豫
 Comprehensive cap-and-trade bill passed in the House in 2009
 Compromise legislation appears unlikely this year
US EPA 美国国家环保局
 Mandatory GHG Reporting Rule (takes effect in 2011)
 Tailoring Rule: requires certain major stationary sources to obtain a permit for GHG emissions (phased-in beginning Jan 2011)

Canadian Case
加拿大的经验
• Mandatory GHG reporting program in place since
2004
“Aligning the approach of Canada and the United
States to climate change and its multiple challenges is the most effective and realistic way for us to make the progress to which we have firmly committed.”
– Environment Minister Jim Prentice, July 2010

Regional
Greenhouse Gas
Initiative (and observers)
Western Climate
Initiative (and observers)
Midwest
Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Accord
(and observers)
(Observers shown with hatch marks)

Claims of environmental leadership are under fire
绿“洗”的惩罚

Trends to watch 发展趋势
Reduction targets
Reporting thresholds
Shareholder climate resolutions
80% reduction by 2050
17% reduction by 2020
Alberta, EC -
50,000 MT
EPA – 25,000
MT
Waxman-Markey,
WCI, BC
10,000 MT
Massachusetts
5,000 MT
Oregon
2,500 MT
40% increase
95 in 2010 vs
68 in 2009
Potential targets in Kerry-
Lieberman-Warner bill, based on 2005 base year
Based on data from
Ceres
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The value of voluntary reporting: your carbon footprint is linked to many benefits
自愿汇报所带来的好处

How The Climate Registry can help you
气候注册处的作用
• TCR provide tools, resources and technical assistance to measure and report your emissions
 Technical help desk 技术帮助服务
 Webinars and training 网络培训和培训会
 New software tool —CRIS 3.0
新的软件 气候注册信息系统
• TCR and its Board members provide major policy updates to keep you informed 气候注册办及其董事局成员为会员提供最新的政策建议。
• TCR helps you manage your risk associated with carbon 气候注册办能
够协助您管理与碳有关的风险。
• TCR recognizes your leadership 。气候注册办认可到你的领导力。

Flexible membership options to suit business needs
灵活的会员种类
Reduce by 20%, maintain reduction
Reduce your emissions by 5%, retain status for 3 years
Publish a carbon management plan and reduction goal, demonstrate best practices
Climate Registered™
Report your complete North American, third party verified carbon footprint (Scope 1 + Scope 2 emissions are required, Scope 3 and global emissions are optional)
Basic Membership
Build capability and access Registry resources without having to verify or report
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We are a one stop shop for carbon resources and support
提供全面的碳信息和支持
Do you need a credible and pre-screened carbon expert to help you with your inventory, verification, or sustainability planning? 为企业的碳管理，核算和可持
续计划提供有信誉力的计划。
See www.theclimatepages.org
The Greenhouse Gas Management Institute
(GHGMI) provides online training courses on GHG accounting and verification, including the .
the basics of reporting to The Registry.
www.theclimateregistry.org/news-andevents/calendar/ or www.ghginstitute.org
Registry Members receive a discounted subscription to Markit, a global financial services information company that provides data on the carbon market www.markit.com

Steps on the Carbon Measurement and Reporting
测量和汇报碳排放的步骤

围

统

Jan Feb Mar Apr May
June 30:
Reporting deadline
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
December 15:
Verification deadline
Nov Dec
Jan – April:
Collect emissions activity data
May – June:
Enter emissions activity data into CRIS
July – Dec:
Begin and complete verification activities
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Landscape of Chinese Carbon Market
中国碳市场的格局
GHG Protocol
Development
CDM Projects
Supply Chain
Management
Building Carbon
Accounting and Reporting
System
Carbon Report
ing
GHG Accounting
Training
Carbon VER
Market
Carbon
Verification

 Governmental Agencies – implementation bodies
 NGOs – providing training, tools and policy suggestions
 Consulting Companies – providing services, tools and expertise
 Third-Party Verifiers – quality control
 Methodology and Protocol Developers – capacity building
 Carbon Emission Exchange – carbon VER trading platform
 Companies - reporters

Academics
CNIS: International Standard Adaptation/Application
ERI: MRV Mechanism/Emission Factors
Universities and Research Institutes : Research and Analysis on the GHG emissions
NGOs
Who are they?
Corporate
(some focus on CDM before)
WRI: Research on protocols at different sectors
Companies for developing standard: BSI
iCET: Methodology\Tool\Reporting
Leading Companies for internal preparation
CBCSD: Industrial Standards (cement, steel, etc.)
Consulting companies, including law and
ISC/BSR/WWF: Business social responsibility training accounting firm, such as PWC,ICF,IES
WBCSD: Cement industry GHG reporting

DOEs :
TUV, SGS,
CEC, CQC, etc
CEC : China Environmental United (Beijing) Certification
Center 环保部中环联合认证中心
CQC: China Quality Certification Center 中国质量认证中心
SGS: Societe Generale de Surveill 瑞士通标技术公司
TUV: Technische Überwachungsvereine 德国技术监督委员
会
CNAS
Accreditation of
Verification Bodies Who are they ?
Companies:
CQM, etc
CNAS : China National Accreditation
Service for Conformity Assessment
中国合格评定国家认可委员会
CQM: China Quality Mark
Certification Group 方圆标志认证集团
They are all waiting for CNCA to signal the “green light”.
CNCA: Certification and Accreditation Administration of China 国家认监委

Protocol and
Methodology
Development
GHG Training for Companies and
Governments
Reliable, public and standardized information on Energy and GHG Emissions
ECR
Calculate
GHG emissions
Verify
Calculations
Report
GHG Inventories
National Targets and
International
Obligations
Carbon Market
And Trade
Supply Chain
Management

 iCET has strong support from world leaders on climate change such as
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Former Vice President Al Gore and
President Bill Clinton’s Clinton Global Initiative.
 iCET , in partnership with the leading software developer, Misys, and The Climate
Registry, has developed state-of-the-art GHG accounting software, available in Chinese for ECR members to calculate corporate GHG footprints. This open source software is being used in other parts of the world (USA, Canada, Mexico so far) and thus promotes the goal of building a global GHG registry – a long-term mission for us.
 iCET has forged partnerships and opened communication with key players on GHG accounting, globally and in China, including WRI, WBCSD, BSR, ISC and agencies within the Chinese and US governments. By working in strong partnerships, we can be more efficient and avoid “reinventing the wheel.” Moreover, iCET can help the USA and China work together to synchronize GHG accounting methodologies, standards, and related policies.
 iCET is the only organization in the world that is developing a
GHG reporting platform tailored specifically for China.

(As of July 2010)
 We published a Background Report on building GHG inventories in China in the
Spring of 2010.
 We launched an ECR website with all information and documents related to ECR available in English and Chinese.
 We have assembled a working team for the development of the ECR with members from our key partners.
 We published a 100-page Reporting Protocol including all rules and regulations regarding what emissions will be included in a company’s GHG report and how such emissions will be calculated.
 We have worked with software company Misys and The Climate Registry to develop a bilingual GHG reporting and calculation software estimated to be worth
$800,000 (donated).
 We have presented the ECR at key high-level conferences and hosted our own in
China.
 We have established a comprehensive membership program.

鸣谢 ！！
• Current Project Financial Supporters/ 目前 项目资金支持
: