Evolution : Early 90’s
• Multi User Centralized Main Frame Systems
with proprietary OS and specialized
engineering applications at corporate centre
in Fully AC, Dust free Computer Centre at
Corporate Centre.
• Similar system at RLDCs for Real time Data
acquisition(Siemens system at
NRLDC,ERLDC & ABB system at WRLDC
• These systems were mainly used for
analysis and reporting
Evolution:Mid 90’s
• With evolution of Personal computer 286,386
computers came out of the computer centre
and there was transformation from centralize
computing to distributed computing.
• Computer used for word processing and
Spread sheets with CUI softwares like wordstar
and Lotus.
• To fulfill the need of information sharing on
limited basis these network were connected
through BNC cabling system and Novell Server
was used mainly for File sharing .
Late 90’s to 2002
• In late 90’s and early 2000 there were
substantial development in H/W & S/W and
networking area.
•
•
•
•
•
Hardware: 486,pentium I/II/III
OS: Win 3.1/ Win 95/Win 2000(GUI)/Linux
Office : Office 95/97/2000
NOS: WIN NT/WIN 2000 Server/Linux
Networking: UTP Cat III/IV/V,Hub & switches
• These technologies were adopted in the
company and GUI based networking was
carried out at Corporate & Regional level.
• Intranet Application,File sharing ,Use of
Internet,Email.
Communication/Network Infrastructure
Communication / Network Infrastructure
Intra Organisational
64 kbps TDMA VSAT-All RHQs, RLDCs and CC (Intranet)
-Data channel interlink
-Voice Communication
2 MBPS Leased line between KS & HC
LAN at CC, RHQs and RLDCs
Dialup / Leased Internet access at RHQs and RLDCs at SS
Sub Stations – VSAT at Rengali, Durgapur, Indravati, Jaipur,
Siliguri
Inter Organisational
128 kbps VSAT Link through NIC to MOP and all CPSUs, CEA
(CPSUNET)
6
The Infrastructure
• IT Network connecting 18 locations Corporate Office,
Regional Head Quarters, Regional Load Despatch Centres
and 5 substations
– LAN at all locations
– WAN over leased VSAT Network
– External Connectivity
– Dedicated Internet Connectivity at Corporate and
Regional Offices
– VSAT connectivity with other Central PSUs under
Ministry of Power
• Remote Dial-in access to the Network
7
Switched Ethernet LAN
Nehru Place office
Remote Dial-in
128 kbps leased line
INTERNET
VSAT link
With RHQs /
RLDCs
(2 x 64 kbps CUG)
2 Mbps link
Router / RAS
Mail server,
Proxy server
128 kbps
leased line
Router / Firewall
Public Domain
Severs
HUB
128 kbps
VSAT link
Other CPSUs,
and MOP
10/100 Mbps
Switches
Katwaria Sarai office
Intranet server
Application server
File server/ Novell
Directory services
Domain controllers /
Active Dir. services
Terminal server
CD server
Network servers
IT Network set up at Corporate Centre
8
NICNET
Operating Environment:
Win 2000 / NT servers
Novell 5.1
Linux
Win 2000/98 clients
Multi-CPU servers
Desktops & Thin Clients
POWERGRID VIDEO CONFERENCING NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
CC KS
NEW DELHI
Dedicated leased line (2 Mbps)
SR1
SECUNDERABAD
NR I
FARIDABAD
NR II
JAMMU
CC HC
NEW DELHI
PUBLIC TELEPHONY
INFRASTRUCTURE
SR II
BANGALORE
NER
SHILLONG
WR
NAGPUR
Ministry of Power
New Delhi
ER
PATNA
Any other location in India/ abroad
With VC and ISDN facility
ISDN PRI Channel (30 x 64 kbps)
ISDN 3 x 128 Kbps
•Conferencing speed : 384 kbps between any 2 locations
2 Mbps leased line
9
•Additional standby line 128 kbps at all locations
•Conf. between HC and KS possible at 768 kbps over leased line
Need for Integrated IT Plan
Need for integrated IT plan & Policy was felt in order to.
• Keep in pace with the IT Technology
• Reap maximum benefits with well justified investment
• Address the security Concern
Work done in this direction:
• IT Policy
• Security Policy (Approved by BOD)
• Feasibility Report (Approved by BOD) on “EWAN”(a
integrated enterprise wide IT infrastructure & Application
Deployment project
10
Salient Feature of EWAN
• Total project cost 32 Crs. For IT infrastructure and network
connectivity from Corporate level to Sub-Station level.
• Work to be completed in Phases.
• Establishment of High availablity(24 x 7) Data Centre at
Corporate office Gurgaon for deployement of centralised
application like FAS, Intranet/Internet application and finally
ERP roll out.
• Usage of Telecom Network for connectivity.
• Establishment of converged network i.e network carrying Voice,
Video & Data
11
Salient Feature of EWAN
EWAN project comprises of 8 Packages
• Gurgaon LAN & Data centre package
• Wide Area Network Package
• UPS package
• VOIP package
• Sub-Station LAN Package
• Gurgaon Multi Media package
• ERP Package
12
Gurgaon LAN Package
This package consist of three major components:Local Area Network : providing connectivity to all the 600
computers & printers at Corporate centre and the servers hosting
Enterprise applications.
Data Center: Designed to ensure security, high uptime and
scalabity in future
Routers: Provide high speed connectivity to RHQs and RLDCs
13
Loacl Area Network
Salient Features:
Consist of 1200 nodes with 2-tier Architecture
Avaya Cat 6 cables used for horizontal span
Multimode (50/125 um) fiber (1000 SX interface) with redundancy for
vertical span
Layer -2 switch stack with fiber module for desktop connectivity.
High back bone layer 3 central switch with all redundancies
Copper Giga bit Ethernet for Server and Fiber Gigaethernet for
Layer-2 stack switch connectivity 100 Mbps interface for WAN
connectivity.
QOS aware with security features at layer 3 & layer 4
14
LAN Architecture At Gurgaon
8th Floor
7th Floor
6th Floor
5th Floor
3rd Floor
2nd Floor
1th Floor
0th Floor
15
Data centre
Components of Data centre
 Intel Based Rack Mount Server for Network
Applications
 RISC based Servers with SAN storage solutions for
Database
(ORACLE)
 Security sub-systems

Intrusion Detection System

Firewall
 Back up Library with backup software
 Redundant UPS with adequate battery backup and
auto start DG set.
 Floor Mounted AC system
 KVM switches
 Management Software's like HP Open View,
Ciscoworks etc
16
H
U
B
INTERNET
PIX525UR
PIX525FO
H
U
B
H
U
B
LEASE LINE
CLOUD
I
P
330
IDS- NOKIA
ROUTER
CENTRAL ROUTER
CISCO-3745
SITES ROUTERS( 13 SITES
CISCO 2691-- 8 NOS
CISCO 3725---1 NOS
CISCO 2651 XM-4NOS
LAN - 1000 MBS UTP LINKS
CENTRAL SW ER-16
ENTERASYS
N
A
S
SCSI
NMS-SYSTEM
FIBER BACKBONE
INTEL SERVERS FARM
10 NOS
RISC - SERVERHP
1.HP OPEN VIEW
2.CISCO-WORKS
3.ENTRASYS-ATLAS
FIBER SWITCH
TAPE LIB
HP5060
S/W PACKAGES:
ENTERASYS
HOST BASE IDS -6 NOS
STORAGE
BOX
ENTERASYS
VH-2492S
TOTAL 59 SW IN 18 STACK
1. WIN-2000 ADVANCE SERV
FOR INTEL-SERVERS
2. HP UX 11i
FOR HP-5060 LIB
3.EXCHANGE 2000 - 2 NOS
4. HP OMNIBACK
FOR HP5060 LIB
3 COM WIRELESS
5. NMS
H.P OPEN VIEW
CISCO-WORKS
ENTRASYS-ATLUS
6. CITRIX -XPE -- 1 NO
FOR REMOTE CONSOLE
7. SHARE PORTAL
ACCESS DEVICE
W/S WIN2000
POWERGRID- GURGOAN- NETWORK
17
8. ORACLE
Services provided
• Directory Services: Keeps centralized repository of all the
resource and single point authentication (Windows 2003 based
ADS)
• Intranet/Internet Services
• Mail Service: For incoming and outgoing mail Distribution
• Thin Client Services: Allows Server Based computing
• File and print Services : For File sharing and printer sharing
• Backup Services: Provides Data Backup till the last backup point
• Database Services: Provides Oracle 9 Database at the backend
for the Finance and Accounting System
18
Services provided
• Firewall :It is placed at the edge of the Network and
provides security to the Internal network
• Intrusion detection system: In case any body is
trying to hack the Network It detects it and sends
alert alongwith taking suitable action
• Proxy Services: Isolates internal network user from
external world and performs caching
• DNS Services: Resolves IP address from name
• DHCP Services: Provides IP address to each of the
host
19
Wide Area Network Package
• Routers :Cisco 2691 for RHQs, Cisco 2651 for RLDCs, Cisco
3725 for SR2TS, Cisco 3745 fro CC.
• All the Locations connected through 2/10 Mbps leased link in
a mesh network formation for redundancy.
• Presently majority of links from BSNL ,to be replaced by
POWERGRID’s Telecom link
• JAMMU and Shillong connected on PAMA VSAT
• Connectivity being extended to sub-stations.
• OSPF used as routed protocol
• Left over Sub-Station to be connected by Shared VSAT
Back Bone for Converged Application
20
21
POWERGRID WAN
Voice Net
• To provide Voice communication facility among the
employees at CC,RHQs and RLDCs using the same WAN
infrastructure without any incremental running cost.
• 600 telephone set at CC, Gurgaon 140/90 at RHQ 60
each at each of the RLDCs.
• Provision for interface of Fax, MFD, Video Phones etc.
• Initially will work in CUG but after permission from TRAI,
will be integrated with PSTN system.
• Along with the extension of WAN VOIP ot be extended to
Sub-station which will be controlled by respective RHQs.
22
23
SCHEMATIC OF LAN INFRASTRUCTURE AT SUB-STATION
Connected to Shillong
through Optical Fiber
Network
Local Server
ADM
Administrative Building
Control Room
Stores
8 Port Switch
10 Mbps UTP to Fiber Converter
62.5/125 MM 6 Core armored fiber
AC1 Equipment
24
Stores
Single Mode Telecom Fibre
Mail Services
25
• Exchange Server 2003 as mail server using user details from
Active Directory Services of Windows 2003
• Presently NERTS,NR1 and CC Mail system working in single
Active Directory Mode other Regions are connected through
SMTP connectivity.
• Finally all user to be migrated to single ADS and Mail system
• Front End and Back End architecture followed for security.
• IP Address of web based interface of Front End mail server
• http:// 203.200.81.8/exchange
• http://192.168.1.45/exchange
• Mail from sub-station to reside on the Mail Server at
Respective RHQ.
Mail Services
• Each user provided Mail Box of size 50 MB
• Presently HTTP interface provided from outside world
Plan to extend RPC-over http from front end server.
• Exchange,POP3 ,SMTP ,HTTP interface for inside
users.
• For prevention of SPAM Mail ORDBL.org
database,SPAMorg and Inteligent Message Filter is
used .
• Symantec Server Anti-virus at front-End mail Server
and Trend micro Mail gateway protect at Backend
26
Thin Client Services
• Thin client is the technology where all the processes run at
server and only display is transferred to the low end diskless
user machine.
• Three Dual CPU pentium IV servers with 2 GB RAM are being
used as thin client servers which are providing services to
around 250 thin client at corporate centre.
• Thin Client environment provides ease in management of
–
–
–
User Data
User Hardware
User OS or software upgrade etc.
Seamless integration of Thin Client and Thick Client
27
28
Backup Strategy
for Servers
S.N
. Server Name
29
Monday
Tuesday
Wed
Thrusday
Friday
1
CCGGTS1(USERS/DFS1)
FULL(8.30 pm)
INC(8.30
pm)
FULL(8.30
pm)
INC(8.30 pm)
INC(8.30
pm)
2
CCGGTS1(DEPT)
FULL(10.45pm)
INC(10.45p
m)
INC(10.45pm)
FULL(10.45p
m)
INC(10.45p
m)
5
CCGGTS3
FULL(11.45 pm)
INC(11.45p
m)
INC(11.45pm)
FULL(11.45
pm)
INC(11.45p
m)
6
CCGGTS3(USERS/DFS2)
FULL(9.00pm)
INC(9.00pm)
INC(9.00pm)
FULL(9.00pm)
INC(9.00pm)
INTRANET(D-drive)
Every Sunday 10.00
AM
7
INTRANET(INETPUB)
FULL(1.00am)
INC(1.00am)
INC(1.00am)
FULL(1.00am)
INC(1.00am)
8
CCGGMS1(MAILBOX)
FULL(2.30am)
INC(2.30am)
INC(2.30am)
FULL(2.30am)
INC(2.30am)
9
CCGGMS1(Full)
Every Sunday 4.00
PM
10
CCGGSS1(FULL)
Every Sunday
12.00PM
11
ORACLE(Database+Archive
log)
Daily 4.00 AM Full
12
ORACLE(Archive Delete))
Every 3rd Day
(DEPT
)
Real Application Clusters
Node 1
Node 2
FASNEW
SERVER failure - database remains available
EXTRA SLIDES
31
Networking Basics
•Definition of Computer Networks:>Computer Network is
said to be Interconnected collection of autonomous
computers (unlike the Old central system).
•Types of Computers Network(Based on Distance)




LAN (Local Area Network) 10m-1 km
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)10 km
WAN (Wide Area Network)>10 to 1000km
Internet
Internet is networking of number of networks across the
world
32
Networking Technology
•Types of Computers Network(Based Transmission
Technology):
Broadcast Network :This technology is genrelly used in
LAN environment ,Traffic can be Unicast, Multicast or Broadcast


Point to Point Network: This Technology is used on WAN
environment, Dial up Network to Internet
•Development and standardization of Computer Networks:
During Initial phase of development each individual networking
companies were having there own networking solution. which
resulted in no of network island and connecting two different
network was a tough and expensive task.
33
TCP/IP Model
• To overcome this problem International standards
organization proposed Open System Interconnection
reference Model.The whole network architecture
has been divided into seven layers for ease of
simplicity.These layers are
–
–
–
–
–
34
Physical Layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
LAN Physical Layers Options
BNC Cabling System: obsolete system, generally
used in early and mid nineties LAN system ,Inherent
design problem
– Thin Ethernet :10 Base 2,0.2 inch dia,Bus Architecture,185
mtrs,30 computers
– Thick Ethernet :10 Base50.4 inch Dia,Bus Architecture,500
mtrs. 100 Computers
35
LAN Physical Layers Option
UTP Cabling System:(Star Architecuture,used for horizontal and
vertical cabling,widely used presently CAT 5E and upcoming Cat
6)
Category 3:10 Mbps,100 Mbps half Duplex(using three pairs for
Data transmission and fourth pair for Collision detection)
Category 5,5E:100 Mhz frquency,Suitable for 100 Mbps using two
pairs, Gbps using four pairs
Category 6: 250 MHz frequency ,better profile ,More suitable for
Gbps
Category 7: 700 Mhz ,Suitable for Giga bit speed on copper
36
LAN/MAN Physical Layers Option
• FIBRE Back Bone: Used for Backbone cabling and
Campus cabling.Generally 62.5/125 Um and 50/125 Um
Multimode Fibre is used for Back bone cabling of the LAN
system.
– 100BaseFX:upto 400 mtrs., 100 Mbps
– 1000 BaseSX:260 Mtrs.,1000 Mbps
– 1000BaseLX:Single mode fibre,3 Km to 10 Km.
37
Physical Layer Option(WAN)
•
•
•
•
•
38
Dial Up Connection:Provides upto 56.6 Kbps on normal PSTN Line.Computer
connects to modem thru RS-232 9 pin connector.
Lease line :Provides permanent point to point connectivity Generally ranges from
64 Kbps to several E1.Lease line modem Connected to the router on Sync/Async
port.
ISDN BRI Dial Up Line:Digital link provide 64 Kbps speed , one ISDN contains two
data channel of 64 Kbps and 16 Kbps control Channel. Connected to Router
through NT(for S/T interface) or with U interface u don’t need NT
VSAT:TDM/TDMA outbound 2 Mbps to all the users and inbound 128 Kbps shared
in a group.
VAST PAMA: Point to point clear channel allocation,Modem Connected to Router
and the IDU unit of the VSAT
Devices based on IEEE 802.3
• BNC cabling system with Thin COAX Cable and NIC with
T-connector on the system connected to the LAN.
• HUB Based system with 10 or 100 Mbps speed with
common collision and broadcast domain. Separate UTP
Cabling from each of the system to the HUB device. System
with NIC of RJ45 Interface
• Switched Ethernet :10/100/1000 Mbps speed with separate
Collision domain and common/separate broadcast Domain.
UTP Cabling for horizontal span and UTP/Fibre cabling at
vertical span.Switching type,STP,VLAN
39