LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
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LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
Session 1 Overview
Getting the Big Picture -- Types and Roles
of Airport Planning
Rick Busch
Monica R. Newhouse-Rodriguez
Director of Planning
Denver International Airport
Deputy Executive Director
Bob Hope Airport
Rick.Busch@flydenver.com
mnewhouse@bur.org
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Planning…
• In preparing for battle I have always found that plans
are useless, but planning is indispensable.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Adventure is just bad planning.
Roald Amundsen , Norwegian Explorer
• Failure to prepare is preparing to fail.
John Wooden, Basketball Coach
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Presentation Outline
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Role of Planning at Airports Today
Historical Perspective
Guidance – ICAO and FAA
Typical Planning Activities and Processes
- Strategic Planning
- System Planning
- Master Planning
- Project-Related Planning
- Community Planning
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The Dream:
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Stable Progressive Growth
Orderly, Systematic Process
Established Parametrics for Facility Needs
Full Coordination with Stakeholders and Public
Ability to Define and Package a 5-year Development Program
Simple, Full Integration with NEPA Requirements
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The Reality: Decision-Making in
Dynamic Environment
• Growth – FAA NextGen Planning for 2 to 3 times
increase in Air Traffic, but where will it occur?
• Impacts on Individual Airports Subject to Airlines’ Decisions
• Uncertainties
• Airports as a Business -- Economic Efficiencies and
Making the Business Case
• Integration of New Technologies
• Customer Service Expectations
• Sustainability
• Integration with NEPA and other Environmental
Challenges
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Enter the Planner
• “Jacks of all trades” – Requires broad knowledge of aviation to
help airport management and FAA to make decisions
- Passenger, Cargo, General Aviation, Roads, and
Support Facilities
• Often viewed as visionaries and asked to make
predictions anticipating the future.
• Frequently on “leading edge” of airport development and on
“bleeding edge” of politics.
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Visionary? Predictions
• “Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future.” Niels Bohr
• “The future, according to some scientists, will be exactly like the past,
only far more expensive.” John Sladek
• “The future ain't what it used to be.” Yogi Berra
• “There are many methods for predicting the future. For example, you
can read horoscopes, tea leaves, tarot cards, or crystal balls.
Collectively, these methods are known as "nutty methods." Or you can
put well-researched facts into sophisticated computer models, more
commonly referred to as "a complete waste of time.” Scott Adams
• “Trying to predict the future is like trying to drive down a country road at
night with no lights while looking out the back window.” Peter F.
Drucker
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Typical Planning Assignments:
Its not just Master Planning
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Strategic Planning
Airspace Planning
Airfield Marking and Signing Plans
Aircraft Gate Planning
Facility Planning
Environmental Planning – NEPA, Air Quality Conformity ,etc.
Land Use Compatibility and Airport Revenue Development Planning
Transportation Planning
Contingency and Safety Management System Planning
Financial Planning and Benefit Cost Analyses
Others – GIS, eALP and Sustainability Plans
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Airport Planning Today
• Dynamic Environment
– Airlines/Aircraft Operators
– Airports
– Modernization and Technology
• Ingredients for Good Planning:
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Have a “toolbox” with good analytical tools and guidance
Be efficient
Collaborate early and often with all stakeholders
Be creative
Be a good listener and communicator
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The Next 2½ Days…
• State of the Art for the Planner’s World – New Approaches and
New Tools
• Improved Decision-Making
• Evolving Considerations
• Integration of Planning and NEPA processes
• Group Exercises on Case Studies
o Denver International Airport
o Houston Ellington Field
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A Historical Perspective
Chicago-Midway 1927
New York-LaGuardia 1939
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A Historical Perspective
Long Beach Airport Opened 1925,
Terminal 1941
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A Historical Perspective
• CAA
• Doolittle Commission 1952 – Modernized Geometric Criteria
and Compatibility
• FAA – 1958 – FAAP Program
• Things Changed in 1969 and 1970
– National Environmental Policy Act
– Airport Development Aid Program
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A Historical Perspective
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Guidance and Standards
International Standards and
Recommended Practices
United States’ Regulations and
Standards Untied States is a
“Contracting State”
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ICAO Standards and Recommended
Practices (SARPs)
• A Standard is any specification whose application is
recognized as necessary for safety or regularity of
international air navigation and to which Contracting States
will conform
• A Recommended Practice is any specification whose
uniform application is recognized as desirable for the
safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation.
• The rights of Contracting States (i.e.; countries) are fully
respected with no discrimination.
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ICAO SARPs -- 18 Annexes
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7.
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Personnel Licensing
Rules of the Air
Meteorological Services for
Int’l Air Navigation
Aeronautical Charts
Units of Measurement Used
in Air and Ground Ops.
Operation of Aircraft
Aircraft Nationality and
Registration Marks
Airworthiness of Aircraft
Facilitation
10. Aeronautical
Communications
11. Air Traffic Services
12. Search and Rescue
13. Aircraft Accident
Investigation
14. Aerodromes
15. Aeronautical Information
Services
16. Environmental Protection
17. Security
18. Transport of Dangerous
Goods by Air
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ICAO Aerodromes Guidance
• Annex 14 – two volumes:
– Vol. l – Aerodrome Design and Operations
– Vol. ll – Heliports
• Manuals – Guidance and information to facilitate uniform
application of SARPs. They include:
– Airport Planning (includes Master Planning, Land-Use and
Environmental Control and Consultant /Construction Services)
– Aerodrome Design
– Airport Services (includes rescue and fire fighting, bird control,
obstacle control, maintenance practices, etc.)
– Heliport Manual
– Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems
– Aerodrome Certification
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Changes to ICAO Guidance
• Accomplished through an extended process:
– Steps from Working Groups and Panels with Final Technical
Approval by Air Navigation Commission and Adoption by the ICAO
Council
– ICAO Secretariat has relatively small staff – mainly administrative.
– Working Groups and Panels made up of representatives from
various contracting states and (generally as “observers”)
international organizations
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FAA is U.S. Representative
ACI has observer status
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FAA Responsibilities
• Regulation of civil aviation to promote safety
• Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new
aviation technology
• Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and
navigation for both civil and military aircraft
• Researching and developing the National
• Airspace System and civil aeronautics
• Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise
and other environmental effects of civil aviation
• Regulating commercial space transportation
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FAA Organization – ATO
• FAA Administrator
– Air Traffic Organization
• Operations Supported by 3 Regional Service Centers
• Strategy and Performance
• Finance
• NextGen and Operations Planning
• Office of Safety
– Includes the functions of :
• Air Traffic Service
• Airway Facilities
• Flight Standards
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FAA Organization
Other Offices and Divisions
• FAA Administrator
• Associate Administrators
– Administrative Offices – Civil Rights, Chief Council, Government
Affairs Human Resources, Communications, etc.
– Aviation Policy, Planning and Environment
– Information Services
– Airports
– Commercial Space Transportation
– Safety
– Regions and Center Operations
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FAA Organization – Airports
www.faa.gov/airports
• Headquarters Offices:
– Office of Associate Administrator for Airports
– Office of Airport Planning and Programming
• Airports Financial Assistance Division
• Planning and Environmental Division
– Office of Airport Safety and Standards
• Airport Engineering Division
• Airport Safety and Operations Division
– Office of Airport Compliance and Field Operations
• Airport Compliance Division
• 9 Regional Airports Offices
• 21 Airports District Offices
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FAA Regulation and Control
• Certification
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Airmen (Pilots, Mechanics, Dispatchers)
Airlines and Other Aircraft Operators
Airports
Repair Stations
Approved Equipment
• Requirements under Federal Grant Assurances
• Private Sector Requirements often based on FAA approval
and Certification – for example, insurance
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Major Sources of FAA Guidance
• Rules and Regulations in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
– requires process of Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM)
and other timely federal public notices and announcements
– Parts 77 (Obstacles) and Part 139 (Certification) and Part 150
(Noise Compatibility) are key Regulations for airports
• FAA Orders and Notices
• Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives
• Handbooks and Manuals
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Key FAA Orders for Airport
Planning
• 5100.38 AIP Handbook
• 5190.1B Airport Compliance Manual
• 1050.1E Policies and Procedures for Considering Environmental
Impacts
• 5050.4B NEPA Implementation at Airports
• 5200.11 FAA Airports (ARP) Safety Management System
• 8260.3B United States Standard for Terminal Instrument
Procedures (TERPs)
• JO 7110.65 Air Traffic Control
• JO 7400.2G Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters
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“Advisory” Circulars
www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/
index.cfm/go/document.list
• Required Use if Airport is Certificated and/or Grant funding
has been received
• FAA-wide -- over 800 AC’s in twelve Series (generally
organized by subject area)
• Airports are the 150-Series (over 120 issued)
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AC 150/5000s – Airport Planning
AC 150/5100s – Federal-aid Airport Programs and Compliance
AC 150/5200s – Airport Safety, Operations and Equipment
AC 150/5300s – Airport Design and Construction
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Useful Airports ACs for Planning
• AC 150-5060-5 Airport Capacity and Delay (Revision
Planned)
• AC 150/5070-6B Airport Master Plans
• AC 150/5070-7 The Airport System Planning Process
• AC 150/5200-32A Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or
Near Airports
• AC 150/5210-22 Airport Certification Manual
• AC 150/5300-13 Airport Design
• AC 150/5300-14 Design of Aircraft Deicing Facilities
• AC 150/5300-16, 17 & 18 General Guidance and Specifications for
Aeronautical Surveys
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Useful Airports ACs for Planning
(continued)
• AC 150/5320-5C Surface Drainage Design
• AC 150/5325-4B Runway Length Requirements for
Airport Design
• AC 150/5340-1J Standards for Airport Markings
• AC 150/5340-18E Standards for Airport Sign Systems
• AC 150/5340-30D Design and Installation Details for
Airport Visual Aids
• AC 150/5370-2E Operational Safety on Airports During
Construction
• AC 150/5390-2B Heliport Design
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Other Guidance for Planning
• Other FAA Publications
– Engineering Briefs
– Certalerts
– Policies, Letters and other Documents
• TSA Publications
• State and Local Guidance
– Airport Development Standards
– Zoning and Building Codes
• Industry Guidance – IATA, NFPA, ASHTO, Others
• Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)
– Surveys, Benchmarking, Best Practices
– Suggestions for new process development and criteria and
creation of prototype analytical modeling tools
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Planning without action is futile.
Action without planning is fatal.
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Planning Activities:
Airport System Planning
• “Developing for planning purposes, information, and
guidance to decide the extent, kind, location, and timing
of airport development needed in a specific area to
establish a viable, balanced, and integrated system of
public-use airports.”
Source: Federal law 49 USC 47102(8)
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Planning Activities:
Airport System Planning
• State, Regional, or Metropolitan Area
• Uses
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Ensure accessibility to National Air Transportation System
Establishment of System Standards and Needs
Determine Financing Needs and Priorities
Insure Efficient Allocation of Resources
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Planning Activities:
Airport System Planning
Source: FAA AC 150/5070-7
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Planning Activities:
Airport System Planning
• Entry into the National Plan of Integrated Airport
Systems (NPIAS)
– Identifies more than 3,400 existing and proposed airports that
are significant to national air transportation and thus eligible to
receive Federal grants under the Airport Improvement Program
(AIP)
– Includes estimates of the amount of AIP money needed to fund
infrastructure development projects that will bring these airports
up to current design standards and add capacity to congested
airports
• Entry into the National Airspace System (NAS)
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Planning Activities:
Airport System Planning Process
Source: FAA AC 150/5070-7
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Houston-Galveston Area
2040 Regional Aviation System Plan Update
Source: Airliners.net
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Houston-Galveston Area
2040 Regional Aviation System Plan Update
Source: Airliners.net
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Airport Development Process
• Strategic Plan / Goals / Master Plan (Guidance and Context)
• Identify Issues / Alternatives / Analysis and Validation (Preliminary
Feasibility)
• Entry into Capital Improvement Program and Decision to Proceed
• “Programming”, Refinement, NEPA, and Benefit-Cost Analysis
• Design and Construction
• Operation and Maintenance
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Planning Activities:
Strategic Planning for Airport
• Vision / Mission / Values – organization’s foundation
– Vision – Future state of the organization – long term objective
– Mission – Purpose of the organization – why it exists – short
term objective
– Values – Shared beliefs – drive culture and priorities
• Key elements:
– Visioning with stakeholders and community
– Core Values of organization
– Situational Analyses
• Organizational initiatives linked to Vision/Mission/Values
• Align organization’s activities with initiatives
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Planning Activities:
Master Planning
• Not mandatory – but FAA-recommended process to
prepare Airport Layout Plan (which is required)
• Long term look ahead to provide plans for orderly facility
development and on-airport land uses
• Link to other long-term community planning efforts on
land use and facility infrastructure
– Regional and Community Comprehensive Plans
– In CA - Airport Land Use Compatibility Plans
• Provides general assessment of financial feasibility
• Makes business case for key long term decisions
regarding development
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Planning Activities:
Airport Layout Plan and Narrative Report
• Airports are required by FAA to keep ALP updated
• ALP Drawing Set ranges in size by Airport
– ALP Drawing
– Terminal Area Plan
– Airspace, Inner portion of Approach Surface and Departure
Surface Drawings
– Land Use Drawing and Airport Property Map
• ALP Narrative Report
1. Basic aeronautical forecasts
2. Basis for proposed items for development
3. Rationale for unusual design features and modifications to FAA
Design Standards
4. Summary of development stages and items in each stage
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Planning Activities:
Site Selection
• Normally evolves from system or master planning
process as an alternative
• Criteria and analysis generally kept at high level to
determine feasibility and practicality
• Large scale stakeholder and community collaboration
and involvement a must
• Recent examples:
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Las Vegas
Chicago
San Diego
Atlanta (a new airport is often discussed)
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Airport Development Process
• Strategic Plan / Goals / Master Plan (Guidance and Context)
• Identify Issues / Alternatives / Analysis and Validation (Preliminary
Feasibility)
• Entry into Capital Improvement Program and Decision to Proceed
• “Programming”, Refinement, NEPA, and Benefit-Cost Analysis
• Design and Construction
• Operation and Maintenance
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Project Related Planning:
A Typical Process
• Facility Needs / Issues Identification
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From Strategic Plan Initiatives
From Master Plan
From Management and Staff
From Airlines and other stakeholders
How does a “Good Idea” become a Project?
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Project Related Planning:
A Typical Process
• Preliminary Validation
– Alternative solutions and very preliminary analysis (other than
Master Plan projects)
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Solutions may be management or development related
What are estimated benefits and costs?
Consistent with Master Plan
Major issues that need consideration
• Include as candidate for Capital Improvement Program?
– Staff subject-matter teams review and prioritize
– Senior Management makes decision to include
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Project Related Planning:
A Typical Process
• Capital Improvement Program
– Purpose: to allow for financing and for pre-design activities and
design to be scheduled
– Typically a 5 to 6 year program identified
• “Bow wave” of projects from year to year
– “Planned” projects versus contingent, “Demand Responsive”
projects
– Projects grouped as “programs” to allow maximum synergies
and coordination and minimal disruption
– Potential for linkage to scheduling / reporting software
applications
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Project Related Planning:
A Typical Process
• Pre-design planning activities:
– Project refinement – “programming”
• Layout
• Costing (grant eligible?)
• Scheduling
– NEPA
• Cat Ex
• EA
• EIS
– Benefit / Cost Analysis
• Projects for FAA funding
• Projects for final “business case” decisions by airport
– Planner’s role may be to perform work by staff or consultants or
to work as a team member with other specialists
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Project Related Planning:
A Typical Process
• Design
– “Validation” of program by designer
– Significant subsequent involvement and collaboration by Airport
Planner to:
• Assure project’s original purpose and objectives are achieved
• As subject-matter expert, insure compliance with Master Plan / ALP
• Provide technical input on program changes
– Coordinate with project manager on FAA 7460-1 approvals
• Construction
– Planner has much reduced role, will participate in “brush fires”
and related meetings
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Planning During Operation:
Significant Continued Involvement
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Aircraft gate use, aircraft layout studies, and gate paint markings
Airfield signing and marking
Traffic analyses – aircraft and vehicular
Aircraft overflight and noise studies
Construction closure impacts and phasing analyses
Business / management policy studies and analysis
Part 139 studies and other related assistance which may involve
data collection, exhibits, GIS applications, etc.
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Other Planning Activity
at Airports
• Monitoring
– Performance against goals and objectives
– Industry / Airport trends, activity levels and community feedback
• Collaboration with and participation in land-use,
transportation and other community planning efforts
– Metropolitan Planning Organizations or Regional Planning
Councils
– Local government planning departments
– Special studies that relate to the airport
• Internal and external efforts to improve analysis tools,
meet new requirements and otherwise improve the
planning process and associated resources
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