Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
S.PRATAP KUMAR
DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION,
KPTCL, BANGALORE
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
What is Distribution Automation
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Function of Distribution Automation System
Remotely monitors the distribution system,
facilitates supervisory control of devices and
provides decision support tools to improve the
system performance
• SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
• Application Functions
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
What is Distribution Automation ?
• “A set of technologies that enable an electric utility to remotely monitor, coordinate and
operate distribution components in a real-time mode from remote locations” - (IEEE
definition)
•
DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the other real-time and
operational functions for the distribution network
Distribution Management (DMS)
Substation
Automation (SA)
Feeder
Automation (FA)
Meter
Reading
(AMR)
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Need for Automation and Current trends
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
What you get out of Automation
With...
…you receive
..which results to
Remote Control
Fast outage / fault
management
Shorter outage
times
Fault indication
Faster fault
management
Shorter outage
times
Protection
Actual current seen
by relay
PM analysis
Measurements
More information
from network
Accurate network
analysis
Quality monitoring
Information on
problem areas
Improved quality of
power
Condition
monitoring
Service information of
switches
Reduced maintenance
intervals
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Automation Systems and Functionality
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Automation Systems – Distribution Utilities
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SCADA
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Distribution Management System (DMS)
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Geographical Information System (GIS)
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Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR)
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Outage Management System (OMS)
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Communication Systems
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Billing and Business Process Automation
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Automation Systems – Description
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Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)
– Develop and integrate Real-time SCADA systems
Distribution Management Systems (DMS)
– Solutions for DMS systems for distribution utilities for
faster Fault Location, Isolation and Supply Restoration
(FLISR) and reduction in downtime
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
– GIS systems for asset management
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Automation Systems – Description
•
Automatic Meter Reading System
– Solutions for AMR systems for energy auditing
– High end consumer load profile monitoring
– Integrated with billing and other processes to reduce
cycle time
•
Communication System
– Fibre Optic (SCADA on Fibre; Pilot for DMS completed)
– Mobile – CDMA / GSM / GPRS
– VSAT / Low Power Radio
– Wimax (Pilot under progress)
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
SCADA/DMS Functionalities
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Monitoring and Control of EHV and HV network
Distribution Network Power Flow
– To execute real-time power flow studies for optimal
switching
Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)
– To determine the location of feeder faults
– Recommend actions to isolate the faulty sections & restore
supply to the healthy sections of feeders
Switching Procedure Management
– To execute switching orders and inverted switching orders
Voltage and VAR Control
– For optimal switching of Capacitor banks and OLTC control
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
SCADA/DMS Functionalities
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Outage Management System (OMS)
– Keep records of forced and planned outages
Load shedding and restoration
Short Term Load Forecasting and Calculation of Quality Service
Indices
Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR)
– Judicious network switching to reduce losses and voltage
problems
Energy Balance
- Gives insight into the energy flow and losses in the network
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Typical Integrated Solution – Distribution Utility
CIS
(Customer
Information System)
Trouble tickets
Customer
Data
Status data
Maps, Equipment
Data
GIS
Outage
Data
Equipment Data
SCADA/DMS
Load Profiles
System & Equipment
faults,
Switching counts
ERP system
AMR
(Automatic Meter
Reading System)
Billing & Settlement
(SAP R/3)
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Key Design Parameters – SCADA/DMS system
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User Interface Response Time
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Communication Media
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Type, Frequency and Quantity of Data Flow
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Data flows between different elements of the SCADA / DMS network
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RTU – SCADA / DMS communication
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High load and Burst load scenarios
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Hardware sizing (SCADA / DMS servers, RTU)
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Scalability for future expansion
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Data flows between SCADA / DMS and other IT systems
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Levels of Automation
Substation Level Automation
Feeder Level Automation
Customer Level Automation
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS
• Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration
• Maintaining good voltage profile
• Load Balancing
• Load Control
• Metering
• Maintaining Maps
• Fuse-off call operations
• Energy accounting
Recent Buzz words !!
Outage Management
Customer Information Management
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Candidate Distribution Automation Functions
Substation
Automation
Functions
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Data Acquisition From:
- Circuit Breakers
- Load Tap Changers
- Capacitor Banks
- Transformers
Supervisory Control of:
- Circuit Breakers
- Load Tap Changers
- Capacitor banks
Fault Location
Fault Isolation
Service Restoration
Substation Reactive
Power Control
Feeder Automation
Functions
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Data Acquisition From:
- Line Reclosers
- Voltage Regulators
- Capacitor Banks
- Sectionalizers
- Line Switches
- Fault Indicators
Supervisory Control of:
- Line Reclosers
- Voltage Regulators
- Capacitor Banks
- Sectionalizers
- Line Switches
Fault Location
Fault Isolation
Service Restoration
Feeder Reconfiguration
Feeder Reactive Power
Control
Customer Interface
Automation
Functions
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Automatic Meter Reading
Remote Reprogramming
of Time-of-Use (TOU)
Meters
Remote Service
Connect/Disconnect
Automated Customer
Claims Analysis
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Application Functions
• Network Reconfiguration
a) Fault localization
b) Service Restoration
c) Load Balancing
• Integrated Volt-Var Control
• Remote Metering
• Automatic Load Shedding
• Load Management
• Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)
• Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
• Load Survey and Energy Accounting
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Network Reconfiguration - Service Restoration
• Restores service to non-faulty feeder sections by reconfiguration
• Considerations
* Presence of alternate paths
* Operation of LB switches
* Need to have remotely controllable switches
* Restoration based on
- satisfaction of current and voltage constraints
- minimum switches
- minimum losses
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Network Reconfiguration - Load Balancing
• Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on
different feeders are different
• To distribute loads among transformers/feeders
• Remote control of switches for reconfiguration
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Integrated Volt-Var Control
• Applied on feeders with capacitors and voltage regulators
• Control of capacitor banks and voltage regulators
• Schedule for switching and tap control
• To meet reactive power requirements and reduce losses
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Automatic Load Shedding
• Under Frequency based load shedding
• Sensing Frequency through transducers
• Load shedding based on the frequency drop, current loading
conditions and priority of the load
• Closed loop function at RTU level
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Load Management - Emergency based load shedding
• Gap between power generation and load demand due to
sudden contingencies
• To shed the loads based on the relief required
• Identification of loads to be shed based on
- current load magnitudes
- priority of the load
- time when last shed
• Shed the load based on the above factors
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
• Responds to customer complaints
• Acceptance of interruption/restoration data from the operator
• Distribution Transformer trip/close info from SCADA
• Determination of source of interruption
• Improvement of response time to customer complaints
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Load Survey and Energy Accounting
• Availability of continuous data on loads etc.,
• Determination of Load Patterns
• Data for planning
• Detection of abnormal energy consumption pattern
• Identification of high loss areas
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Tangible Benefits
Substation
Automation
Reduction in Capital Expenditure
due to:
• Deferment of additional substation
facilities
• Effective utilization of substation
facilities
Reduction in O&M Costs of Breaker
switching for:
• Routine Operations
• Non-Routine Operations
Reduction in O&M Costs of LTC
Operation for:
• Routine LTC Operations
• Non-Routine Operations
Reduction in O&M Costs for:
• Routine Relay Testing
• Relay Setting
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
• Routine Data Collection
• Non-Routine Data Collection
• Data Analysis
• Testing of Data Logging Devices
• Repair of Data Logging Devices
Feeder
Automation
Customer interface
Automation
Reduction in Capital Expenditure
due to:
• Deferment of additional feeders
• Effective utilization of existing
feeders
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
• Regular Meter Reading
• Reprogramming of Meters
• Service Connect/Disconnect
• Processing of Customer Claims
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
• Fault Location and Isolation
• Service Restoration
• Routine Switching Operations
• Recloser Setting
• Recloser Testing
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis
• Feeder Reconfiguration
• Capacitor Banks Inspection
Increased Revenue Due to:
• Reduction of System Peak Load
• Tamper Detection to Reduce
Electricity Theft
• Reduced Payments for Customer
Claims
Increased Revenue Due to:
• Loss Reduction due to Feeder
Reconfiguration
• Loss Reduction due to Capacitor
Banks Automation
• Faster Service Restoration
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Bangalore Distribution Automation System
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Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City
Load Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Area
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Existing Demand of Bangalore
Metropolitan Area is 1437 MWS
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Bangalore is the fastest Growing city
in the country
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Power Supply Reliability
The present Reliability Index in Bangalore City
is 99%.
Annual Average consumer hours lost due to
11kV feeder interruption - 64.57 Hours
Studies conducted to forecast future
Load Requirement
66kV feeder / sub-station – 20.22 Hours
DTC / LT interruptions – 1.43 Hours.
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Load of Bangalore will be doubled by
2011-12
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Projected Demand of Bangalore by
2011-12 is 2428 MWS
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Total
86.2 Hrs/Year/Consumer
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City
Bangalore is the most potential location for software business, IT
Enabled Services & Biotech owing to its inherent strength.
Majority of IT activity not only in the State but also in the country is
concentrated in Bangalore.
Bangalore has been at the forefront of industrial growth in India with
enterprising citizens – ideal choice for investment infrastructure.
Bangalore refer to as the Silicon Valley of India accounts for highest
software exports in the Country.
Bangalore City Contributes more than 70% of BESCOM total revenue.
Support from State Government for foreign Investment.
Electronic equipment manufacturing as well as Garment industries are
developing in Bangalore City.
In rush for investment from foreign investors.
Increased Demand from Residential Layouts
Demand due to establishing new International Airport
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Scope of the Works in Bangalore DAS
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Drawing 11kV new lines with Coyote ACSR conductor to suit the overhead system for
distribution automation.
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Providing 11kV, 400 Sq mm UG/AB cable to suit the overhead system for distribution
automation.
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Retrofitting of existing RMU Operating Devices (OD) with VCB’s and providing motorized
mechanism.
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Providing motorized mechanism for Vertical Lines (VL) and OD’s of new and old RMU’s.
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Providing compact RMU’s for spur points of overhead lines.
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Providing sectionalizers with communication facility between two VL’s.
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Providing Remote Terminal Units (RTU) with communication facility at all RMU locations.
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Providing SCADA system at each of the sub-station with necessary hardware and software.
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Establishing Master Control Center at Corporate level with necessary communication,
hardware and software.
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
The Bangalore Distribution Automation System aims at achieving
 Control of 11 KV feeders
 Operation of line sectionalisers, motorised isolators, auto
reclosures
 Data acquisition from load end CTs and PTs
 Operation of CBs for switched capacitor banks
 Use of customized EMS Software packages with real time data
collected through RTUs
 Issue, control and receiving back of line clears, introduce interlock
and safety algorithm, password protected operating environment
 Real time logging of data / archived records of hours of
service,Equipment data base
 Integration with Geographical Information System (GIS) Software
packages
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
System Configuration of DAS
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Integrated Distribution Automation system
•Real time control over the costly
energy sold.
• Improved efficiency results in lower
costs,
•Better reliability in power supply,
planned control actions,
•Optimum power factor, reduction in
losses.
•Improved efficiency also results in
reduction of the Green House gases and
consequent improvement in the
environment.
•Enables online energy audit (AMR
Systems) which is now receiving the
focused attention of all utilities
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
Project Implementation
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The project will be implemented in Phases.
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Under Phase I, as a pilot project Peenya Industrial Area, EPIP area and
Electronic city area are identified. Completion period 6 months.
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In the second Phase BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution
Automation of the entire existing RMUs (Cable network) along with the
improvements required for overhead distribution to suit the overhead system
for Automation. Completion period 9 months.
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Under Phase III, BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution Automation of
the entire over head network. Completion period 9 months.
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Total Cost of the Project is about 563 Crores.
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The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is extending financial
assistance for this project