Smart Metering
&
Potential Impacts to
Revenue Protection
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Source: www.fresnobee.com
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A Very Smart Meter on Saving Energy:
Another way you can save money on electricity
is not to use all your outlets.
If you use only half of them, you'll cut your bill in
half.You can save the most by plugging
everything into outlet strips and extension
cords, all plugged into one outlet.
Preferably, that one outlet belongs to your
neighbor.
Source Joe Fusion.com
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History of Meter Reading

Manual data entry
◦ Manual reading

Digital semi-automated data entry
◦ Person with optical probe and hand-held computer

Automated meter reading and automated data entry
◦ Power line carrier; telephone or cable modems for AMR Automated Meter Reading
◦ Drive-by reading and RF/Satellite transfer
◦ RF, wireless and satellite for AMR
◦ LANs, WANs, Internet, Intranets

Display with web based energy information systems
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History of Meter Reading
Utility
billing system
data entry
Satellite
Optical probe w/
hand-held
computer
meter reader
Modem
Radio tower
drive-by meter
reading
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History of Electric Data Metering




Kilowatt hours
◦ kWh with monthly read
Kilowatt hours and kilowatt peak demand
◦ kWh, peak kW with monthly read
Time of use added with multi-function electronic meters
and monthly read
Interval AMR metering
◦ kW, kWh, kVA, kVAR, PF, PQM, on-peak, off-peak,
shoulder peaks
◦ 5 minute, 15 minute, 30 minute, 60 minute intervals
◦ Real time data for Real Time Pricing
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History of Other Data Metering



Gas
◦ CCF, therms, million Btu
(energy)
◦ CCF/h, therms/h, million Btu/h (power)
◦ seasonal, time of use
Chilled water
◦ tons, therms/h, million Btu/h
(power)
◦ ton-h, million Btu
(energy)
◦ seasonal, time of use
Steam
◦ lbs, million Btu
(energy)
◦ lbs/h, million Btu/h
(power)
◦ seasonal, time of use
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Water and Sewer Metering


Potable water
◦ gallons
◦ gallons/h
◦ seasonal, time of day
Sewer
◦ gallons, fraction of water use
◦ gallons/h
◦ seasonal, time of day
◦ inverted block rates
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Metering Technologies

Electromechanical- Induction Meter
◦ All electromechanical kilowatthour meters have a rotating
disk in them. The disk's
rotational speed is proportional
to the amount of electricity consumed
◦ Accuracy is typically in the +/- 2% range
◦ Registers are fixed and calibration is done mechanically
◦ Older measuring technology with a large existing
installed base
◦ Becoming phased out in many utilities but globally still
the most common for single phase installations
◦ All but obsolete for new three phase installations
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Solid State Metering
• Solid State Meters - now account for over approximately
80-90% of the polyphase meters produced in the U.S.A.
Originally introduced for special, low volume application in
the early 1980’s, solid state meters are now used for
everything from non demand kWh to kVA demand meters.
• Electronics are important to metering:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Increased Meter Accuracy
Increased Meter Adaptability
Potentially Lower Initial Costs
Potentially Increased Reliability
Potentially Lower Operating Costs
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Smart Meters

Initially it was used to only describe a
meter which could collect energy
measurements on an interval basis
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Smart Meter definition now
includes:
Still includes interval measurement
 Real time pricing support
 Remote disconnect
 Remote connection
 Two way communication with equipment within a home
 GPS location
 Outage notification
 Voltage detection
 Tamper detection
 Change customers rates (system)
 Change billing plans (system)

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Potential Issues for RP

RP issues will still reside with what we
are starting to see more of – the actual
tampering of the electronic meter

Many new RP issues will come from the
systems supporting the new definitions of
the smart meter. How do we get the data
from the Meter?
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How to get the data from the meter

AMR, Fixed Network AMR, Power Line Carrier, Telephone

Neighborhood area communications
◦ RF mesh network
◦ RF point to point network
 Private, Cellular
◦ Power line carrier
 Low speed, Narrow band (NPL), Broadband (BPL), Ex LonWorks
◦ IP Based WAN
RF home network (HAN)
◦ RF home, Ex - ZigBee
◦ Power line carrier

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Automated Meter Reading
(Graphic Courtesy Accenture)
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Example of Fixed Network
Source: SRPnet.Com
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Another Fixed Network (WAN)
Source: Kinects.com
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Potential Issues for RP






Remote connection
Two way communication with equipment within a
home
Manipulation of rate changes against tariff
Manipulation of approved billing plans
Interfering or manipulating the communication
between the meter and collection system
Security of the system due to open protocols and
aggressive deployment
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What do the ANSI Standards Actually Say in
Simple Terms

C12.18
◦ How do I get in via the optical port?

C12.19
◦ Once inside, where will I find things and
what do they mean?

C12.21
◦ How do I get in via telephone?
X
Modem

C12.22 (in development)
◦ How do I adjust my methods for
network communications?
Slide: Courtesy of Association of Energy
Engineers, www.aeecenter.org
Radio tower
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Benefits of ANSI Protocol Meters

Open standard

Common industry data structures

Common industry “vocabulary”

Software standardization

More options

Simplified Interfaces

Faster implementation

Lower operation costs
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Smart meter (electric) deployment

As a baseline - in 2008 there were 1.698 billion electric
meters installed globally.

32 (18 of these in Europe) of 184 countries covered are
proceeding with some level of smart meter deployment.

Italy – Enel SpA – the largest utility in Italy has completely
deployed smart meters to over 27 million customers.

United Kingdom – Goal is to have all smart meters in
homes by 2020.
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
Jamaica – Funding their entire J$6B ($65M US)
investment to smart meters based upon stopping
loss of electric revenue.

By 2015, 45% of all meters installed in the United
States and Europe will be Smart Meters. The US has
approx 147.4 million electric consumers.

Globally: As of July 2009, 83M smart meters have
installed with a projection of 212M installed by 2014.
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Mitigating RP issues with smart
meters
Stay Knowledgeable
 Stay Flexible – our industry is changing
 Stay Connected and Informed

What we are doing today in RP will be
drastically different than what we will
doing in the future, please keep an open
mind to change !!!!!!!!
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Even with OGE’s method for keeping
customers out of the meter base……
…………Those end users that want to
tamper/steal/or game with the system will
still provide many opportunities for our
industry……
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
If you would like a copy of this
presentation – Please contact either
 Gary
Signorelli – President IURPA
Gary.signorelli@pgnmail.com
 Susan
Reinhardt – President SURPA
Susan.reinhardt@pgnmail.com
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Resources
www.absenenergyresearch.com
 www.pikeresearch.com
 www.ieso.ca
 www.jamaica-gleaner.com
 Echelon
 CenterPoint Energy
 Edison Electric Institute

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Acronyms
AMR – Automated meter reading
 MMR – Mobile meter reading
 AMI – Advanced metering infrastructure

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AMR System Components

AMR Data Collection Systems
 Large high volume systems for Residential & small
Commercial
◦ Walk-by RF and hand-held systems
◦ Drive-by RF systems
◦ Fixed network systems (Itron /CellNet /Hexagram /Nexus
/carrier, etc.)
 Public network systems for advanced metering needs
(Large Commercial, Industrial, and Network applications)
◦ Telephone / Cellular / Motient / Skytel / Cingular Interactive
◦ Itron MV-90 has been the common data collector
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
AMR Data Server Systems
 Provide a common central Database for all meter data
 Reduce system integration
 Simplify data publishing
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