1
The Role of High Performance Doors &
Hardware in Energy Efficient Buildings
Program Number AA3004
USGBC Course Number 0090005701
Presented By:
Aaron Smith, LEED AP BD+ C
Director Sustainable Building
Solutions
612.325.5719
asmith@assaabloydss.com
ASSA ABLOY is the global leader in door opening
solutions, dedicated to satisfying end-user needs
for security, safety and convenience
ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions
 90 Door Opening Consultants
throughout the U.S.
 Consulting and specification writing
services to architects, interior
designers, building owners, facility
managers, security consultants
 Door opening solutions specified to
meet the needs of your project
 Meet requirements for security, life
safety, convenience, aesthetics, and
sustainability
 Specialize in K-12, university,
healthcare, commercial, military,
government, hospitality, and retail
door opening solutions
Global Team of Experts
Affiliations:
 Door and Hardware Institute (DHI)
 American Institute of Architects (AIA)
 Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
 International Interior Design Association (IIDA)
 American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS)
 United States Green Building Council (USGBC)
Designations:
 AHC | Architectural Hardware Consultants
 CDC | Certified Door Consultants
 CDT | Construction Documents Technologists
 LEED GA/AP | LEED Accredited Professionals
 PSP | ASIS Physical Security Professionals
Architectural Consulting by Project Phase
 Integrated Design and BIM (all project phases)
SD
 Code Compliance Review
 Try-Me Program product samples
 Survey & Walkthrough of Existing Facilities
DD
 Coordination with building systems & related trades
 Integrated, Sustainable & Aesthetic Design Solutions
 Green your Division 8 Specifications
CD
 Door & Hardware Schedules assistance
 Value Analysis, Sustainability Analysis
 Review of Shop Drawings & Submittals
CA
 Jobsite inspection & Punch lists
 Technical Support
AIA Continuing Education System
 ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions is a
Registered Provider with The American Institute of
Architects. Credit earned on completion of this
program will be reported to the CES Records for
AIA members. Certificates of Completion for nonAIA members are available upon request.
 This program is registered with the AIA/CES for
continuing professional education (HSW & SD). As
such, it does not include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of
construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any
material or product. Questions related to specific
materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
GBCI Continuing Education System
 The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has approved
the technical and instructional quality of this course for 1
GBCI CE Hours towards the LEED Credential Maintenance
Program.
 ASSA ABLOY is an USGBC Education Provider committed
to enhancing the ongoing professional development of
the building industry and LEED Professionals through
high-quality education programs. As a USGBC Education
Provider, ASSA ABLOY has agreed to abide by USGBC
established operational and educational criteria, and is
subject to annual reviews and audits for quality
assurance.
Copyright Materials
 This presentation is protected by US and International
Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and
use of the presentation without written permission of the
speaker is prohibited.
 © ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions 2011
 Please indicate on the Sign-in Sheet whether you would
like an electronic copy of the presentation.
Learning Objectives
 At the conclusion of this program, participants will:
 Understand the importance of high-performance door and
hardware solutions in energy efficient and net zero buildings.
 Know the difference between Calculated and Operable U
factors and air infiltration for optimal door opening energy
efficiency.
 Identify doors, gaskets, hardware and
frames available and their effects on the
efficiency of the building envelope.
 Learn how Green codes & BIM will change
the future of door opening specifications.

What else would you like to learn?
energy
Energy & Atmosphere
 According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC):
 In the United States alone, buildings account for:
 72% of electricity consumption
 39% of energy use
 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
Energy Efficiency – Envelope Design
 High-performance doors and hardware
play an important role in enhancing
building energy efficiency
 A few basic measures can be taken to
improve the thermal integrity of
doorways in the building envelope
 Building design can optimize energy
performance
 Stack pressure within a building forces air
through any opening, causing the
heating/cooling system to work harder
 Need to create an airtight building
envelope
 Acts as a barrier to lessen thermal
exchange
Fairmont Pittsburgh – LEED Gold
Energy & Atmosphere - Doors &
Hardware impact on buildings
 Approx 40% of energy leakage
comes from the building
envelope*
 Floors, Walls & Ceilings – 31%
 Windows - 10%
 Doors - 11%

*Tony Woods, Air tight buildings, 2005
Richard S. Duncan, Ph.D., P.E. Technical Director
Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance
*
Code/LEED requirements for Opaque
Swinging Door specifications
 Use door openings that exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2007
Standards by a minimum 5% for remodel and 10% for new

Operable U Values
 Calculated using ASTM C1363

Operable Air Infiltration
 Calculated using ASTM E283
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Energy Efficiency – Calculated vs.
Operable Values
 ASTM C1363 is the most current test standard for
operable thermal transmittance, replacing ASTM C236
 ASTM E283 is the most current test standard for
operable air infiltration to meet 189.1 and IGCC
New Mandatory Green Codes
 IGCC 2012 & ASHRAE 189.1 –

Standard 189.1 is a set of technically rigorous
requirements, which like the IGCC, covers
criteria including water use efficiency, indoor
environmental quality, energy efficiency,
materials and resource use, and the building’s
impact on its site and its community
 30% improvement over 2006 IECC
 189.1 Adopted by US Army Corps of Engineers
 Reflects the AIA 2030 Commitment
 Requires better fenestration
 ACE, GSA and State of
Washington have envelope
infiltration allowance
at .25 cfm/sf2
P
Security System Assemblies
Closing &
Latching
Thermal Break
and Kerf Frames
EAC
Insulated
Core Doors
Thresholds/Door
Bottoms/Gasketing
Kerf Frames
 Kerf frames
 Specially designed frames feature a groove
along the frame section that comes in
contact with the door edge
 Simplifies installation of weatherstripping
 Serves as a convenient channel to install
weatherstripping without using additional
fasteners
 Weatherstripping easily removable
Thermal Break Frames
 Thermal break frames can improve an
opening’s U-factor
 Since door frames are made of metal, a
thermal break consisting of an insulated
material is needed to stop heat
transmission
 Reduce heat loss
 Prevent frost/condensation
 Provides a positive thermal break within
the frame profile
 Delivers maximum protection against
cold penetration
 Ideal for openings exposed to extreme
cold
 Weatherstripping easily removable
Insulated Door Types
 Insulated doors boost the R-factor of an opening
 Hollow metal doors commonly used in building envelope
 Constructed from sheet metal in 20-18, 16- and 14-gauge
thickness
 Core or interior space can be filled with insulated material
 Polystyrene
 Polyurethane
Polyurethane
Core
Calculated vs Operable Values
Actual installed performance
Sealing the Gaps
 What is air infiltration?
 Air infiltration: A measurement of the air leakage around the
perimeter of a door opening
 CFM = Cubic Feet per Minute
 Example of air infiltration test results:
90.1-2007 = Air leakage < .4 cfm/sf2
189.1-2009 = Air leakage < .2 cfm/sf2
Gasketing & Weatherstripping
 Gasketing available in several materials




Silicone
Santoprene (100% recyclable- avoid Chloroprene/Neoprene)
Vinyl
Polypropylene
 Materials are flexible
 Do not impede door operation
 Available in varying Grades to meet conditions of
different climate zones
 Look for products that meet or exceed ANSI 156.22 Door
Gasketing and Edge Seal Systems standards
Thresholds, Door Bottoms, Gasket
Accessibility standards requires thresholds be a maximum of 1/2” high
24
ANSI/BHMA Standard A156.13 Mortise Locks
& Latches (Series 1000)
Cycle Testing
Mortise
ANSI/BHMA
A156.13
standard for
cycle testing
Min Cycles
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
1,000,000
800,000
800,000
Energy Efficiency – Door Closers
 Overcoming stack pressure
 Stack pressure created by differences between inside and
outside air pressure
 Can create a strong rush of air to flow out that overpowers
the closing cycle of the door closer
 Door may stay open longer than intended or fail to latch
shut
 Properly sized closer needed to overcome stack pressure
DOOR CLOSERS – SURFACE MOUNTED
Cycle Testing:
10+ Million
Warranties:
10+ yrs
Materials:
1 ½” Dia. Piston
33 Arms
Features:
Forged Arms
5 Painted Finishes
7 Plated Finishes
Functions:
Delayed Action
36 Levers Styles
11 Finishes
11 Functions
Windstorm Rated
2,000,000 Million
1 yrs
1 ¼” Dia. Piston
3 Arms
Stamped Arms
2 Painted Finishes
No Plated Finishes
Delayed Action
36 Levers Styles
11 Finishes
11 Functions
Windstorm Rated
EXIT DEVICES
All grade 1 locks are not created equal!
Cycle Testing:
Warranties:
Materials:
Features:
Functions:
High End Grade 1
10 Million
5 yrs
S.S. Latchbolt
S.S. Case
36 Levers Styles
11 Finishes
11 Functions
Windstorm Rated
Mid Price Point
500,000
1 yrs
S.S. Hollow Latchbolt
Brass/Aluminum Case
4 Levers Styles
4 Finishes
6 Functions
No Windstorm
Exit Devices with Electric Latch Retraction
(ELR)
 Yet another opportunity for energy savings
 Driven by motor instead of solenoid, electricity
savings per activation can easily exceed 50%.
 Available with Harmony Series Integrated
Wiegand Exit Devices
Inrush during
retraction
Competitive
Solenoid
Design
Competitive
Motor Design
ELR- Motor
Design
16 AMP
2 AMP
.6 AMP
.35A
.25A
Maintained
while dogged
29
Traditional Access Control
Power Supply
Access Controller
Optical Request to
Exit Device
Reader Interface
 Many discreet components create
a larger environmental impact
 Additional wiring
 More processing and packaging
30
Wiegand Card
Reader
Electric Strike
Integrated Access Control
Integrated
Wiegand
 Integrating all of these functions into
a single integrated lockset reduces
the number of manufactured
components required at each door
31
IP-Enabled Access Control
WiFi
 IP-Enabled WiFi locks leverage existing
infrastructure to reduce environmental
impact even further
 Completely eliminates any additional
electronic access control infrastructure
32
IP-Enabled Access Control
Power over Ethernet
 Power over Ethernet locks leverage existing
PoE infrastructure to reduce components AND
minimize energy usage
 PoE locks use a maximum of 7W per activation at
each lock, 50% less than typical PoE installations
 PoE locks also use 85% less standby power than
traditional access control
33
Energy Efficiency – Automatic Operators
 Automatic or power-assisted
doors used on heavily-accessed
entrances
 43% energy savings achieved
during 9 month test
Energy Efficiency – Vestibules
Source: Dr. Alexander Zhivov – USACE at CERL – Energy Assessments at US Army Installations
Energy Efficiency – Revolving Doors
 Alternatives to
swinging/sliding doors
 Revolving doors
 Revolving doors stop the free
flow of air
 Revolving door is never open
 Seals remain in contact with
walls of the doors at all times
 Only air transferred is in the
chamber with the person
using the door
Energy Efficiency – Revolving Doors
 MIT 2006 study
 Swinging doors allow 8x as much air exchange as a revolving
door
 Study estimated that limiting ingress and egress to revolving
doors would save school $7,500 a year for a single building
 Accompanying reduction in emissions would total about 15
tons of CO2 annually per building
 Result achieved by utilizing 2 of the 29 revolving doors on
campus!
http://sustainability.mit.edu/content/revolving-doors.
Energy Efficiency - BIM for Energy
Simulation
Interoperable models driving Enabling Applications
..
Clash
Detection
4D
Energy
simulation
Quantity
takeoff
Fabrication
Costing
Images: Burt Hill, University Mechanical, Ryan Homes, View By View, Beck Group, IES, SOM
BIM .. transforming the process
From point-to-point
..
Architect
 Silos of information with
many handoffs
Civil
Engineer
Structural
Engineer
 Lack of interoperability
 Higher risk for error
 Limited
responsibility
Trades &
Distribution
Building
Owner
HVAC
Engineer
Facilities
Manager
Constr.
Manager
BIM .. transforming the process
To centralized ..
Architect
 Earlier design &
performance influence
.. a "seat at the table"
 Improved
constructability &
Energy efficiency
 Reduced waste,
delays, and re-work
 Shared
responsibility
Civil
Engineer
Structural
Engineer
Building
Information
Model
(BIM)
Building
Owner
Trades &
Distribution
HVAC
Engineer
Facilities
Manager
Constr.
Manager
A Sealed Building
 Optimize thermal performance: entire building envelope
 Create a sealed barrier: prevent air infiltration, heat transfer
 Each opening component should be carefully selected
 Thermal Break frames and Kerf frames
 Insulated doors
 Door closers
 Gasketing
 Revolving doors (when possible)
 BIM: performance characteristics of door assemblies
 Following this strategy, doorways can be used to create a
more energy efficient building
This Concludes the Educational Program
 Thank you for attending
 What is your reaction to the
program?
 Please fill out the Form B
 AIA/CES HWS & SD, GBCI/CEU
Credits
 PDF of today’s presentation
 Request Certificate
Aaron C. Smith, LEED AP BD+C
612.325.5719
asmith@assaabloydss.com
How To Get More Information?

Codes:
 National Fire Protection Association: www.nfpa.org
 International Code Council (ICC): www.iccsafe.org

Institutes:
 Construction Specifications Institute: www.csinet.org
 Window & Door Manufacturers Association: www.wdma.com
 Architectural Woodwork Institute: www.awinet.org
 ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
 United States Green Building Council: www.usgbc.org
- US Army Corps of Engineers: www.usace.army.mil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology: www.sustainability.mit.edu
- International Living Building Institute: www.ilbi.org
- AIA 2030 Challenge: www.architecture2030.org
- ASSA ABLOY: www.assaabloydss.com/sustainability
Specification Section Support
Door Hardware Schedule
Metal Doors and Frames
Flush Wood Doors
Clad Wood Doors
Stile & Rail Wood Doors
Integrated Door Opening
Assemblies
 08 71 00 – Door Hardware
 08 74 00 – Access Control Hardware
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Automatic Entrances
Revolving Door Entrances
Balanced Door Entrances
ICU/CCU Entrances
Automatic Door Operators
Patient Monitoring and
Telemetry Systems
Nurse Call / Code Blue
Systems
Access Control
Intrusion Detection
Video Surveillance
Electronic Detention
Monitoring and Control Systems