Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites
LA-UR:
12-25532
Author:
Quanxi Jia
Intended for:
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012),
Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites
Quanxi Jia
E-mail: qxjia@lanl.gov
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM 87545
LAUR#:
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Acknowledgements
Y. Y. Zhang, G. Zou, Y. Lin, H. Luo, S. A. Baily, N. Haberkorn, F. Ronning,
N. A. Mara, L. A. Civale, A. K. Burrell, T. M. McCleskey, and E. Bauer
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
J. H. Lee, Z. Bi, and H. Wang
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
Y. T. Zhu
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Outline
 Introduction
 Experimental details and results
CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors
CNT/NbC composites
 Summary
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Outline
 Introduction
 Experimental details and results
CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors
CNT/NbC composites
 Summary
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Unique Properties of Carbon Materials
Graphite
Diamond
C60
CNT
Graphene
Dai et al., Small 8, 1130 (2012).
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Carbon Nanomaterials
for Energy Conversion and Storage
Dai et al., Small 8, 1130 (2012).
Li-ion batteries
with CNT/G
hybrid
electrodes
3D pillared
CNT/G
electrodes
Metal-free
catalysts for fuel
cells
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
C60-grafted
graphene for
solar cells
Supercapacitors
with graphene
electrodes
Supercapacitors
with CNT
electrodes
Graphene-Based Displays, Electronic
Devices, and Photonics
Novoselov et al., Nature 490, 192 (2012).
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Outline
 Introduction
 Experimental details and results
CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors
CNT/NbC composites
 Summary
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Our Research on CNTs and Nanocomposites
CVD
Array thickness
plays an
important role in
determining the
performance of
fibers/ribbons.
Fe (1 nm)/Al2O3(10 nm)/SiO2/Si
CNT array (spinnable)
1 mm
50 µm
CNT composite fibers (inorganic & organic)
1) Adv. Mater. 18, 3160
(2006).
2) ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009).
3) Carbon 47, 3332 (2009).
4) Nat. Nano. 4, 738 (2009).
5) Adv. Mater. 22, 3027
(2010).
Continuous CNT ribbons directly
drawn from CNT array
 CNT ribbons sandwiched in polymer or in
inorganic thin films
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Ribbons from Long CNT Arrays
Ribbons being pulled from array
Fan et al., Nature 419, 801 (2002).
20nm
4.6 mm array
1m
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Various Applications of CNT Arrays Synthesized
with Special Catalyst Pretreatments
Effect of deposition process
on the alignment of CNT
arrays
ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009).
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Different Curvatures in CNT Arrays
ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009).
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Strategies Used to Achieve Stretchable
Interconnections
Liquid
Metal/alloy
Stretch
Mechanical
robustness
e.g. Rubber
Stretch
Stretchable
interconnections
Electronic
conductance
e.g. Metal
compress
Browden et al., Science, 393, p146 (1998).
Rogers et al., Nat. Nano. 1, 201 (2006).
Wavy/net-shaped connections
Kim et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011904 (2008).
Cheng et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 144103 (2009).
Liquid metal/alloy- filled channels
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Schematic Illustration of the Formation
of CNT/PDMS Films
CNT ribbon
PDMS = poly(dimethylsiloxane)
CNT ribbon embedded in PDMS
(1) Lay CNT ribbons on
PDMS sheet
PDMS
(4) Cure the PDMS
Uncured PDMS
(2) Fabricate electrodes
(3) Cover the CNTs with uncured PDMS
Electrode
Adv. Mater. 22, 3027 (2010).
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Transparent and Flexible CNT/PDMS
Composite Films
3 cm
Transmittance (%)
100
PDMS
80
60
CNT/PDMS
40
20
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelengh (nm)
Transparent (~60 %)
Flexible
16
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Resistance ~ Strain Characteristics of
CNT/PDMS Composite Films
50%
Resistance(Ohm)
0%
5.0x10
4
4.5x10
4
4.0x10
4
3.5x10
4
1st releasing
2nd stretching
3.0x10 4
2.5x10
4
1st stretching
2.0x10 4
100%
1.5x10
4
0
20
40
60
80
Strain (%)
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
100
120
Resistance ~ Strain Relationship of
CNT/PDMS Composite Films
Resistance /ohm
5.0x10 4
4.5x10 4
4.0x10
4
3.5x10
4
3.0x10
4
2.5x10
4
50 times
Hu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 16110 (2009).
10 times
6th stretching
30th stretching
2.0x10 4
1.5x10 4
0
20
40 60
Strain/%
80
100
Sekitani et al., Science 21, 1468 (2008).
 Ten samples have been measured and similar resistance variation behaviors
during stretching/releasing have been observed.
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Outline
 Introduction
 Experimental details and results
CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors
CNT/NbC composites
 Summary
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012
Different Techniques Available
to Grow Thin Films
Physical vapor deposition (PVD)
Sputtering, e-beam evaporation, molecular beam
epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
Plasma-enhanced CVD, low pressure CVD, metalorganic CVD
Chemical solution deposition (CSD)
Sol-gel, metal-organic decomposition (MOD)
24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012