Indonesian Energy Overview
Beijing, 2007
Outline
 Indonesia: A Brief Introduction
 Energy Demand & Supply
 Current National Energy Policies and
Plans
 Issues on Energy and the
Environment
 Nuclear Development Status
Indonesia: A Brief Introduction
Maluku
Kalimantan
Sumatra
Sulawesi
Papua
Java
Nusa Tenggara
Indonesia Energy Supply (1)
Oil Reserves
(As of January 1st, 2006)
Natuna
114
54
141
Maluku
986
4,692
Kalimantan
Sumatra
69
Sulawesi
149
61
875
97
Papua
23
720
Java
947
Nusa Tenggara
Proven
: 4,370 MMSTB
Potential : 4,558 MMSTB
Total
: 8,929 MMSTB
Source: DGOG, 2007
Indonesia Energy Supply (2)
Gas Reserves
Natuna
(As of January 1st, 2006)
4.57
53.57
1.38
Maluku
45.40
7.83
Kalimantan
Sumatra
3.92
Sulawesi
2.37
24.30
24.47
0.006
Papua
0.79
6.04
Java
6.20
Nusa Tenggara
6.30
Proven
: 93.95 TSCF
Potential : 93.14 TSCF
Total
: 187.09 TSCF
Source: DGOG, 2007
Indonesia Energy Supply (3)
Coal Reserves
(As of January 1st, 2006)
Maluku
Kalimantan
Sumatra
4,809
Sulawesi
4,671
Papua
Java
Nusa Tenggara
Proven
: 5,300 Million ton
Potential : 4,180 Million ton
Total
: 9,480 Million ton
Non-Fossil Resources
Resources
Equivalent
Value
Existing
Utilization
Hydro
845.00 juta BOE
75.67 GW
4.2 GW
Geothermal
219.00 juta BOE
27.00 GW
0.8 GW
0.45 GW
0.45 GW
0.084 GW
49.81 GW
49.81 GW
0.3 GW
Solar
-
4.80 kWh/m2/day
0.008 GW
Wind
9.29 GW
9.29 GW
0.0005 GW
24.112 ton* e.q. 3
GW for 11 years
-
-
Types
Mini/Micro Hydro
Biomass
Uranium
* Resources only exist in Kalan region – West Kalimantan
Source: Presentaion of MEMR, 2007
Uranium Resource Potentials
Oil Supply & Demand
450
(Million BOE)
400
350
300
250
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Supply
1998
1999
Demand
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Natural Gas Supply & Demand
600
550
(Million BOE)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Supply
1998
1999
Demand
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Coal Supply & Demand
250
(Million BOE)
200
150
100
50
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Supply
1998
1999
Demand
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Indonesia Energy Demand: Final byTypes
1,000
900
800
(Million BOE)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Coal
1995
Oil Fuels
1996
1997
Natural Gas
1998
Electricity
1999
LPG
2000
2001
Biomass
2002
2003
2004
2005
Indonesia Energy Demand: Final by
Sector
1,000
900
800
(Million BOE)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Industry
1995
1996
1997
Households & Commercial
1998
1999
2000
Transportation
2001
Others
2002
2003
2004
2005
Final Energy Supply & Demand
 Electricity
 Oil Refineries
 Natural gas transmission &
distribution
Electricity Supply & Demand
35,000
120
100
25,000
80
20,000
60
15,000
40
10,000
20
5,000
0
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Capacity
1997
1998
1999
Consumption
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Electricity Consumption (TWh)
Electricity Capacity (MW)
30,000
Oil Fuels Supply & Demand
450
400
350
(Million BOE)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Production
1997
1998
Import
1999
2000
2001
Consumption
2002
2003
2004
2005
Oil Refineries & Transportation
Natural Gas Infrastructure
Natuna
Maluku
Kalimantan
Sumatra
Sulawesi
Papua
Java
LNG Plant
LNG Plant (under construction)
Nusa Tenggara
Trans ASEAN Power Grid
Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline
National Energy Policies
Types
Energy
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Laws
Road Map / Blueprints
National Energy Policy
(Presidential Decree
5/2006)
Law 30/2007 on Energy
10 August 2007
Blueprint of National
Energy Industry 2005*
National Coal Policy
(MEMR Decree
1128/2004)
Draft Law on Mineral and
Coal
Roadmap for Coal and
Mineral
Presidential Instruction
2/2006 on Coal
Liquefaction as
Alternative Fuel
National Oil and Gas
Policy
(Draft RUPPN
23 August 2006)
Law 22/2001on Oil and
Gas
23 November 2001
Upstream
Downstream
Blueprint of
Development and
Utilization of National
Natural Gas
Implementing regulations
of Law 22/2001
Renewable
Energy
Included in Law 30/2007
on Energy
Geothermal
Geothermal Policy
Electricity
Other References
Roadmap Green Energy
Policy on Renewable
Energy and Energy
Conservation
(MEMR Decree
2 January 2004)
Nuclear
*
Policy Paper
Blueprint of Biofuel
Development for
Alleviation of Poverty &
Unemployment
December 2006
Presidential Instruction
1/2006 on Biofuel as
Alternative Fuel
Law 27/2003 on
Geothermal
22 October 2003
Blueprint of
Development and
Utilization of Geothermal
Energy
Draft implementing
regulations
Nuclear Policy
Law 10/1997 on Nuclear
Energy
Roadmap for Nuclear
Energy
Power Sector
Restructuring Policy
25 August 1988
Law 15/1985 &
Draft Law on Electricity
National General Plan on
Electricity (RUKN)
(MEMR Decree
2270/ 2006)
General Plan on
Electricity Development
by State Electricity Utility
Company
(last revision: 2006)
: Under preparation
Includes roadmap for brown coal liquefaction, geothermal, wind, nuclear, biodiesel technology, gasohol, bio oil, solar, fuel cell
National Energy Plan
Energy Mix 2005
Hydro
3%
Coal
15%
Natural Gas
29%
Geothermal
1%
Oils
52%
Energy Mix 2025
(BAU Scenario)
Energy Mix 2025
(National Energy Policy 2006)
Hydro
2%
Coal
33%
Geothermal
1%
Bio-fuels
5%
Coal
35%
Oils
41%
RE
17%
OPTIMIZATION
Geothermal
5%
Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar,
Wind
5%
Natural Gas
30%
Coal liquifaction
2%
Natural Gas
21%
Source: National Energy Policy, 2006
Oils
20%
Issues on Energy and the Environment
350
12.0 %
7,000
6,000
250
5,000
(MtCO2e)
Million Metric Tonnes of CO2
300
10.0 %
4,000
3,000
2,000
8.0 %
1,000
200
0
-1,000
AS
Cina
Energy
Indonesia
Brazil
Agriculture
Rusia
Forestry
India
Waste
6.0 %
150
4.0 %
100
2.0 %
50
0
0.0 %
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Total CO2 emission from energy utilization
Ratio between CO2 emission from energy utilization and total CO2 emission (incl.
LULUCF)
Nuclear Development Status
§
§
Updates on the road map:
§ The plan on nuclear development option is part of PEN 2005
§ Socialization is still in progress until now
§ The rest of the plan is consequently delayed, but GOI still tries to push the decision by the end of 2007
§
Resistency from the public:
§ Local community protests
§ Decree of the NU moslem leaders: disadvantages of nuclear power overshadowed its benefits.
Remarks on Nuclear Development
 IIEE’s estimates up to 2016  around 7,000 MW of
coal steam (6
 Electricity demand growth: 6 - 7 % p.a
 Supply capacity:
 PLN : coal power plants acceleration program
 IPP : Geothermal (470 MW addition)
 Existing system capacity (incld. Gas PPs)
 Reserve margin will be 36% in 2015
 Supply from nuclear power isn’t necessary  system
perfomance will be deteriorated due to execessive
reserve margin and decrease of the overall capacity
factor.
ENERGI (FINAL) INDONESIA 2006 dan
2010
Sektor Rumah Tangga dan Komersial 2006
Sektor Rumah Tangga dan Komersial 2010
BBM
28.1%
Batubara (Briket)
0.1%
BBM
53.1%
Biofuel (Biooil)
0.0%
BBG (Tabung)
1.5%
Batubara (Briket)
1.2%
Biofuel (Biooil)
3.7%
BBG (Pipa)
6.4%
BBG (Tabung)
0.0%
BBG (Pipa)
0.1%
LPG
19.0%
Listrik
36.1%
Listrik
40.1%
LPG
10.6%
Sektor Transportasi 2006
Biofuel (BioDiesel)
0.0%
Biofuel (Bio-Oil)
0.0%
BBG (Pipa)
0.0%
Sektor Transportasi 2010
Biofuel (Bio- Biofuel (BioEtanol)
Diesel)
7.6%
0.4%
Biofuel (Bio-Oil)
1.9%
Listrik
0.0%
BBG (Pipa)
1.4%
Biofuel (BioEtanol)
0.0%
Listrik
0.0%
BBM (Minyak
Solar)
45.9%
BBM (Minyak
Solar)
42.3%
BBM (Premium)
54.0%
BBM (Premium)
46.5%
ENERGI (FINAL) INDONESIA 2006 dan 2010
(Lanjutan)
Sektor Industri 2006
Gas
19.6%
Sektor Industri 2010
Listrik
13.1%
Gas
20,4%
Listrik
12,4%
BBM
27,8%
Batubara
22.5%
BBM
43.8%
Batubara
34,9%
LPG
1.1%
LPG
1,4%
Sektor Pembangkit Listrik 2006
Gas
14.3%
Sektor Pembangkit Listrik 2010
BBM
23.7%
Biofuel
0.9%
Batubara-Hybrid
0.0%
Biofuel
3,1%
Batubara-Hybrid
2.2%
Batubara
71.4%
Gas
8.3%
Panas Bumi
5.3%
BBM
2.7%
Biofuel
0.8%
Hydro
9.6%
Batubara
46.2%
Hydro
7.8%
Panas Bumi
6.8%
THANKS YOU
Development of New & Renewable Energy
Source
Rumah Tangga
dan komersial
Transportasi
Industri
Pembangkit Listrik
 BBG
√
√
√
√
 LPG
√
√
√
–
 Batubara
√
–
√
√
 Briket
√
–
√
–
 Gas Batubara
√
√
√
√
 Batubara Cair
–
√
√
√
 Bio-Etanol
–
√
–
–
 Bio-Diesel
–
√
–
–
 Bio-Oil
√
√
–
√
• Panas Bumi
√
–
√
√
 Biomassa
√
–
–
√
 Nuklir
–
–
–
√
 Air
–
–
–
√
 Surya
√
√
–
√
 Angin
–
–
–
√
 CBM
√
√
√
√
 Hidrogen / Fuel Cell
–
√
–
√
 Oil Shale
–
√
√
√
 Biogenic Gas
√
–
–
√
Jenis Bahan Bakar
• Gas
• Batubara
• Biofuel
• EBT Lain