EPPR-07-21e
Working group L-EPPR
03 June 2014
International environmental and propulsion performance requirements
for L-category vehicles – OBD expert group
On-board diagnostic performance criteria for MI activation
EC perspectives
•
On-board diagnostics
• Objectives introduction harmonised OBD requirements in EU
type-approval legislation
• Primary benefits
• Effective and efficient vehicle repair
• Providing level playing field for authorised and independent
repairers
• Secondary benefits
• Improving environmental protection
• Improving functional safety
•
On-board diagnostics
• Convenient access to standardised on-board diagnostic information is
the first step in successful repair of a broken vehicle;
• Successful repair:
• Efficient: repairer can fast identify the smallest identifiable or
exchangeable “broken” unit;
• Effective: repairer replaces or repairs that part that is actually
broken.
• Prerequisite for successful repair: easy accessible and cheap
availability of relevant diagnostic data
• Off-board diagnostic data
• On-board diagnostic data
Possible effects obligatory introduction OBD
• Vehicle owners and consumers, among others:
• in warranty period no additional repair cost;
• after warranty period expired possibly additional repair cost may
arise depending on leniency of the industry and quality of product;
• loss of confidence in OBD in case of false detection;
• feelings in the ranges between indifferent, concerned, insecure,
anxious and panic.
• Vehicle manufacturers, Tier I / II suppliers and repairers, among others:
•
= WARRANTY and field returns (significant burden in
comparison to burden of development, verification and
validation in the development phase of the vehicle;
= Loss of quality image and reputation;
• Additional revenue from vehicle repairs after expiry warranty period.4
•
On-board diagnostics
• On-board diagnostics, functional requirements
• Starting point UN R83, chapter 11 (partly, excluding OBD stage II
functionality).
• OBD Stage I in EU type approval legislation and initially proposed in
EPPR-06-14e:
• Monitors for any electric / electronic circuit failure of the
emissions control system and reports those failures which
results in the OBD emission thresholds being exceeded;
• Reports the triggering of any default mode which significantly
reduces engine torque;
• Applicable for all propulsion unit types (combustion engine,
hybrid and pure electric propulsion units)
•
On-board diagnostics
• On-board diagnostics, environmental requirements
• Starting point UN R83, chapter 11 (partly) and its appendix 1
• Harmonised environmental test type VIII based on test type I emission
test cycle (WMTC)
•
On-board diagnostics
• MI activation performance criteria (B.2 point 4)
• Proposal EPPR-06-14e not accepted by L-EPPR group concerning MI
activation performance criteria
• EC submitted compromise proposal EPPR-07-14e providing two
alternatives to Contracting Parties:
1. Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is set and stored (mode $03)
as a result of a malfunctioning device or of its failing electric /
electronic circuit as listed in table B.2.2.-1; OR
•
On-board diagnostics
• EC submitted compromise proposal EPPR-07-14e providing two
alternatives to Contracting Parties ct'd:
2
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is set and stored (mode $03) as a
result of a malfunctioning device or of its failing electric / electronic
circuit as listed in table B.2.2.-1; AND
2A. the resulting increased tailpipe emissions are exceeding the
applicable OBD emission thresholds;
OR
2B. the ECU / PCU triggered a torque limiting default mode which is
permanently applied in the key cycle only if resulting in a
significant reduction of propulsion unit torque (noticeable by the
grand majority of the riders.
•
On-board diagnostics
Pollutant emission
constituent (mg/km)
2A.
OR
2B.
MI shall be activated
OBD emision threshold
Decision area
MI may be activated
Pollutant emission constituent approval limit
MI deactivated
•
On-board diagnostics
• Pros and cons alternatives 1 and 2:
• Alternative 1 (imposed MI activation independent of objective and
technology neutral performance criteria):
• Simple and effective in development and approval phases before
start of production, possibly reduced burden both for the industry
and authorities);
• Little incentive for vehicle manufacturer to equip the vehicle with an
OBD system in line with the spirit of the OBD requirements;
• Significant risk of high financial burden to vehicle manufacturers
and suppliers in terms of warranty and field returns of the fleet;
• Significant risk of loss of confidence from consumers if the MI is
activated and there is no actual serious concern present.
•
On-board diagnostics
• Pros and cons alternatives 1 and 2:
• Alternative 2 (objective and technology neutral performance criteria):
• More complex in development and approval phases before start of
production, possibly higher burden both for the industry and
authorities in comparison to alternative 1;
• Multiple incentives for vehicle manufacturers to equip the vehicle
with an OBD system in line with the spirit of the OBD requirements;
• Financial burden to vehicle manufacturers and suppliers in terms of
warranty and field returns can be better controlled by themselves
and burden may be reduced in comparison to alternative 1;
• Little risk of loss of confidence from consumers as OBD system
robustness is at a significantly higher level.
•
On-board diagnostics
• Torque limiting default mode: default mode triggered by ECU / PCU
permanently resulting within key cycle to operate propulsion unit on
less than 90% of normal torque (noticeable by majority of riders)
• Torque limitation methods for e.g. PI combustion engine:
• Cap or reduce fuel delivery;
• Cap or reduce air delivery;
• Retard spark delivery;
• Each torque limiting method has technical pros and cons
Torque limiting default mode
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Possible effects obligatory introduction OBD
• Summary
• The EC proposes to maximise the benefits and to reduce as much as
possible the adverse effects both for consumers and manufacturers when
requiring obligatory introduction of OBD by:
• Storing DTCs related to the listed monitors in table B.2.2.-1 as well as
related to any other electronic powertrain component connected to a
computer relevant for environmental performance or if triggering a
torque limiting default mode (point 2.3.5.)
• Applying technology neutral and objective performance criteria to
activate the MI only in case of a serious problem with the vehicle:
• environmental problem when exceeding the OBD thresholds;
• significant reduction of propulsion unit torque indicating a serious
environmental problem or any other serious failure leading to
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significant torque reduction.
Possible effects obligatory introduction OBD
• Key messages:
1. Consumers should be provided with the necessary incentives such as
low repair cost, transparent and harmonised diagnostic information to
justify effective and efficient repair, MI activation only in case of a serious
problems with the vehicle in order to increase acceptance and have
confidence in OBD;
2. Level playing field for vehicle repairers and manufacturers should be
created by requiring harmonised OBD requirements and providing
market demand incentives to vehicle manufacturers to apply OBD
according to the spirit of the legislation;
3. Improved environmental protection will be a logical consequence from
key messages 1 and 2.
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Thank you for your attention
Further information:
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