Beyond text: New roles for libraries
DataCite –
Persistent links to scientific data
using the DOI system
Jan Brase,
DataCite
Science Paradigms
Thousand years ago:
science was empirical
describing natural phenomena
2
Last few hundred years:
theoretical branch
using models, generalizations
Last few decades:
a computational branch
simulating complex phenomena
Today:
data exploration (eScience)
unify theory, experiment, and
simulation
Jim Gray, eScience Group, Microsoft Research
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Consequences for Libraries
Scientific Information is more than a journal article or a
book
Libraries should open their cataolgues to any kind of
information
The catalogue of the future is NOT ONLY a window to the
library‘s holding, but
A portal in a net of trusted providers of scientific content
We know
where
youit can find
We
do not
have
And here is the link to it!
BUT
Including non-classical publications
Scientific Films
3D Objects
Software
Simulation
Research Data
Grey Literature
5
Why is this a role for libraries?
• Libraries have a history in bringing
scientific information to the public
• Libraries have a tendency to be persistent
• A project will be forgotten in 40 years, the
library will very likely still exist then
• Library are very trustworthy organisations
DataCite
What if any kind of scientific content would
be citable?
High visability of the content
Easy re-use and verification.
Scientific reputation for the collection and documentation of
content (Citation Index)
Encouraging the Brussels declaration on STM publishing
Avoiding duplications
Motivation for new research
DOI names for citations
URLs are not persistent
 (e.g. Wren JD: URL decay in
MEDLINE- a 4-year follow-up
study. Bioinformatics. 2008, Jun
1;24(11):1381-5).

Digital Object Identifiers (DOI
names) offer a solution
 Mostly widely used identifier for
scientific articles
 Researchers, authors, publishers
know how to use them
 Put datasets on the same playing
field as articles

Dataset
Yancheva et al (2007). Analyses
on sediment of Lake Maar.
PANGAEA.
doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.587840
DataCite
Global consortium carried by local institutions
focused on improving the scholarly infrastructure
around datasets and other non-textual
information
focused on working with data centres and
organisations that hold content
Providing standards, workflows and best-practice
Initially, but not exclusivly based on the DOI system
Founded December 1st 2009 in London
DataCite structure
International DOI
Foundation
Member
DataCite
Managing Agent
(TIB)
Member
Institution
Member
Institution
Works
with
…
DataCentre
Centre
Data
Data
Centre
Associate
Stakeholder
DataCentre
Centre
Data
Data
Centre
What if any kind of scientific content would
be citable?
High visability of the content
Easy re-use and verification.
Scientific reputation for the collection and documentation of
content (Citation Index)
Encouraging the Brussels declaration on STM publishing
Avoiding duplications
Motivation for new research
DOI names for citations
URLs are not persistent
 (e.g. Wren JD: URL decay in
MEDLINE- a 4-year follow-up
study. Bioinformatics. 2008, Jun
1;24(11):1381-5).

Digital Object Identifiers (DOI
names) offer a solution
 Mostly widely used identifier for
scientific articles
 Researchers, authors, publishers
know how to use them
 Put datasets on the same playing
field as articles

Dataset
Yancheva et al (2007). Analyses
on sediment of Lake Maar.
PANGAEA.
doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.587840
How to achieve this?
Science is global
• it needs global standards
• Global workflows
• Cooperation of global players
Science is carried out locally
• By local scientist
• Beeing part of local infrastrucures
• Having local funders
DataCite
Global consortium carried by local institutions
focused on improving the scholarly infrastructure
around datasets and other non-textual
information
focused on working with data centres and
organisations that hold content
Providing standards, workflows and best-practice
Initially, but not exclusivly based on the DOI system
Founded December 1st 2009 in London
DataCite member
Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)
Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information
(CISTI),
California Digital Library, USA
Purdue University, USA
Office of Scientific and Technical
Information (OSTI), USA
Library of theTU Delft,
The Netherlands
Technical Information
Center of Denmark
The British Library
ZB Med, Germany
ZBW, Germany
Gesis, Germany
Library of the ETH Zürich
L’Institut de l’Information Scientifique
et Technique (INIST), France
Swedish National Data Service (SND)
Australian National Data Service (ANDS)
Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università Italiane (CRUI)
National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)
Hngarian Academy of Sciences
Affiliated member:
Digital Curation Center (UK)
Microsoft Research
Interuniversity Consortium for
Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
Korea Institute of Science and
Technology Information (KISTI)
Bejiing Genomic Institute (BGI)
Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Harvard University Library
World Data System (WDS)
GWDG
What type of data are we talking about?
PS13 89- 3
PS13 90- 3
IR D
Sa nd
( gr a v/ 10 cm 3)
0
Ca CO3
( %)
20
0
TO C
( %)
100
0
Ra dio
( %)
15
0
Sm ect
( % / sand)
0. 5
0
0
PS14 31- 1
IR D
( % / clay)
50
Sa nd
( gr a v/ 10 cm 3)
100
0
Ca CO3
( %)
20
0
TO C
( %)
100
0
Ra dio
( %)
15
0
Sm ect
( % / sand)
0. 5
0
0
PS16 40- 1
IR D
( % / clay)
50
Sa nd
( gr a v/ 10 cm 3)
100
0
Ca CO3
( %)
20
0
TO C
( %)
100
0
Ra dio
( %)
15
0
Sm ect
( % / sand)
0. 5
0
0
PS16 48- 1
IR D
( % / clay)
50
Sa nd
( gr a v/ 10 cm 3)
100
0
Ca CO3
( %)
20
0
TO C
( %)
100
0
Ra dio
( %)
15
0
Sm ect
( % / sand)
0. 5
0
IR D
( % / clay)
50
0
Sa nd
( gr a v/ 10 cm 3)
100
0
Ca CO3
( %)
20
TO C
( %)
0
100
0
Ra dio
( %)
15
0
Sm ect
( % / sand)
0. 5
0
( % / clay)
50
0
100
0.0
Earth quake events =>
doi:10.1594/GFZ.GEOFON.gfz2009kciu
Climate models => doi:10.1594/WDCC/dphase_mpeps
Sea bed photos => doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.757741
Distributes samples => doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.51749
Medical case studies => doi:10.1594/eaacinet2007/CR/5270407
Computational model => doi:10.4225/02/4E9F69C011BC8
Audio record => doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.339110
Grey Literature => doi:10.2314/GBV:489185967
Videos => doi:10.3207/2959859860
100.0
Anything that is the foundation
of further reserach
is research data
200.0
Age (ky r) max. : 233.55 kyr
Data is evidence
11°
12°
PS1389-3ff
13°
14°
15°
55°30'
55°30'
55° 0'
55° 0'
54°30'
54°30'
54° 0'
54° 0'
11°
12°
13°
14°
15°
Scale: 1:2695194 at Latitude 0°
Source: Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemünde.
World vector shore line
Grain size class KOLP A
Grain size class KOEHN2
Grain size class KOEHN
Geochemistry
Grain size class KOLP B
Grain size class KOLP DIN
20 m
DataCite in 2013
Over 2,00,000 DOI names registered so far.
262 data centers.
5,600,000 resolutions in 2013 so far.
DataCite Metadata schema published (in cooperation with
all members) http://schema.datacite.org
DataCite MetadataStore
http://search.datacite.org
DataCite search
Searchterm: *
Searchterm: uploaded:[NOW-7DAY TO NOW]
Searchterm: relatedIdentifier:*
Searchterm:
relatedIdentifier:issupplementto\:10.1029*
Searchterm:relatedIdentifier:*\:10.1055*
OAI and Statistics
OAI Harvester
http://oai.datacite.org
DataCite statistics (resolution and registration)
http://stats.datacite.org
DataCite Content Service
Service for displaying DataCite metadata
Different formats (BibTeX, RIS, RDF, etc.)
Content Negotation (through MIME-Typ)
• Access through DOI proxy (http://dx.doi.org)
• First implemented by CNRI and CrossRef:
Documentation:
http://www.crosscite.org/cn/
Content negotiation
Optimized for m2m communication using the accept
header of the http protocol
curl -L -H "Accept: MIME_TYPE" http://dx.doi.org/DOI
Try a shortcut out in any webbrowser:
http://data.datacite.org/MIME_TYPE/DOI
http://data.crossref.org/DOI
Resolving to the citation
http://data.datacite.org/application/xdatacite+text/10.5524/100005
Li, j; Zhang, G; Lambert, D; Wang, J (2011): Genomic data
from Emperor penguin. GigaScience.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5524/100005
Resolving to the RDF metadata
http://data.datacite.org/application/rdf+xml/10.5524/100005
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:j.0="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" > <rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.5524/100005">
<j.0:identifier>10.5524/100005</j.0:identifier> <j.0:creator>Li,
J</j.0:creator> <j.0:creator>Zhang, G</j.0:creator>
<j.0:creator>Wang, J</j.0:creator>
<owl:sameAs>doi:10.5524/100005</owl:sameAs>
<owl:sameAs>info:doi/10.5524/100005</owl:sameAs>
<j.0:publisher>GigaScience</j.0:publisher> <j.0:creator>Lambert,
D</j.0:creator> <j.0:date>2011</j.0:date> <j.0:title>Genomic
data from the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)</j.0:title>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
Example of use
This allows persistent identification of RDF statements!
Implemented for all over 45 million CrossRef and
DataCite DOI names
Example of use:
DOI Citation Formatter
http://www.crosscite.org/citeproc/
2012: STM, CrossRef and DataCite Joint
Statement
1.
To improve the availability and findability of research data,
the signers encourage authors of research papers to deposit
researcher validated data in trustworthy and reliable
Data Archives.
2.
The Signers encourage Data Archives to enable bidirectional linking between datasets and publications by
using established and community endorsed unique
persistent identifiers such as database accession codes and
DOI's.
3. The Signers encourage publishers and data archives to make
visible or increase visibility of these links from publications
to datasets and vice versa
26
Example
The dataset:
Storz, D et al. (2009):
Planktic foraminiferal flux and faunal composition of sediment trap
L1_K276 in the northeastern Atlantic.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.724325
Is supplement to the article:
Storz, David; Schulz, Hartmut; Waniek, Joanna J; Schulz-Bull, Detlef;
Kucera, Michal (2009): Seasonal and interannual variability of the
planktic foraminiferal flux in the vicinity of the Azores Current.
Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 56(1),
107-124,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.08.009
Next steps
ODIN project with ORCID.
http://datacite.labs.orcid-eu.org/
MoU with Thomson reuters to cooperate on
data citation index
DataCite plugin for next D-Space release
(early 2014)
Let us get back to libraries
The wave
Growth of
Information –
User requirements – e. g. :
Science 2.0, collaborative
networks, social media
Diversity of media types and
formats
A threat?
Information overload is only a problem for manual curation.
Google is not complaining about data deluge—they’re
constantly trying to get more data.
The more data you throw, the better the filter gets.
To develop and maintain these tools is a classical
tasks for libraries!
Don’t turn off the taps, build boats.
It is not only a challenge …
… it is an opportunity
Libraries should ride the wave …
Thank you!