COMP/ELEC 529
Computer Network Protocols and Systems
Overview
Some slides used with permissions from Edward W.
Knightly, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
1
A bit about me...
• Grew up in Hong Kong
• B.S. University of Washington (Seattle)
• Ph.D. Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh)
• Research interests in networked systems
• Teach courses related to computer networks at both
undergraduate and graduate levels
• CS Graduate Committee Co-Chair
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
2
The BOLD Project in the News
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
3
A bit more about me...
• Love cycling, but don’t have much
time for it anymore...
• Besides teaching,
research, administrative
work, and other
professional obligations...
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
4
I’m Curious: What Motivated You
to Take 529?
• Introduce yourself to your neighbor
• Interview neighbor on what motivated him/her to take
529?
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
5
Obviously Internet Makes These
Possible...
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
6
Course Goals
• Understand more deeply the classic Internet
problems
– routing, congestion control, security, etc.
• Understand emerging technologies and challenges
– Software defined networks, cloud computing, big data
applications
• Become equipped to innovate, solve problems, do
great things
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
7
What’s the “State of the Internet”?
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
8
Long before there were computers...
• 1876: Alexander Bell invented telephone
• 1878: Public switches installed at New Haven and San
Francisco, public switched telephone network is born
– People can talk without being on the same wire!
Without Switch
T. S. Eugene Ng
With Switch
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
9
The Advent of Computer Technology
1940s
• Different networking requirements
• Computers to computers communication
– vs. communication between human beings
• Digital information, discrete messages
– vs. continuous analog voice
• Circuit switching technique in telephone network hugely
inefficient for computer communications
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 10
Major Internet Milestones
• 1960-1964 Basic concept of “packet switching” was
independently developed by Paul Baran (RAND), Leonard
Kleinrock (MIT)
– AT&T insisted that packet switching would never work!
• 1965 First time two computers talked to each other using
packets (Roberts, MIT; Marill, System Development Corp
(SDC))
dial-up
MIT TX-2
T. S. Eugene Ng
SDC Q32
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University
11
Major Internet Milestones
• 1968 BBN group proposed to use Honeywell 516
mini-computers for the Interface Message Processors
(i.e. packet switches)
• 1969 The first ARPANET message transmitted
between UCLA (Kleinrock) and SRI (Engelbart)
– We sent an “L”, did you get the “L”? Yep!
– We sent an “O”, did you get the “O”? Yep!
– We sent a “G”, did you get the “G”?
Crash!
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 12
Major Internet Milestones
• 1970 First packet radio network ALOHANET
(Abramson, U Hawaii)
• 1973 Ethernet invented (Metcalfe, Xerox PARC)
• 1974 “A protocol for Packet Network Interconnection”
published by Cerf and Kahn
– First internetworking protocol TCP
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 13
The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to...
Bob Kahn
Vint Cerf
• "For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design
and implementation of the Internet's basic communications
protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.”
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 14
Major Internet Milestones
• 1977 First TCP operation over ARPANET, Packet
Radio Net, and SATNET
• 1985 NSF commissions NSFNET backbone
• 1991 NSF opens Internet to commercial use
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 15
Commercial Internet after 1994
Joe's Company
Campus Network
Regional ISP
Sprint
Verizon
NSF Network
Rice
NSF Network
AT&T
IBM
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 16
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 17
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 18
Network Component Examples
Links
Interfaces
Switches/routers
Ethernet
WiFi
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 19
Internet Remains Unreliable
August
13!!
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 20
Internet Remains Insecure
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 21
Problems are Numerous!
YouTube traffic mis-routed
to Pakistan
1000s of Netherlands DSL
customers lost service due to
network configuration
errorblack-holed all Internet
CTBC (Brazil)
traffic in some parts of Brazil
Supro (Czech) routing messages triggered a
Cisco router bug world-wide
Source: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
T. S. Eugene Ng
eugeneng at cs.rice.edu
Rice University 22