A wireless sensor network (WSN) essentially ad
hoc networks consists of spatially
distributed autonomous sensors to monitor
physical or environmental conditions, such
as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to
cooperatively pass their data through the
network to a main location
Sensor module collects the observations from
surrounding environmental analog information
such as light, sound, shocks, etc, converts it to
the digital signal via the analog to digital
converter (ADC), and then transfers to the
processor unit
 Processor module manages the cooperation
between the units in the sensor, the
collaborations between other WSN nodes in the
network.
 Wireless communication module communicate
between WSN nodes and Base Station

Wireless Sensor Network Technology
Operating systems
Programming languages
Contiki ,ERIKA Enterprise, Nano-RK,
TinyOS ,LiteOS ,OpenTag, NanoQplus
ANT, 6LoWPAN, DASH7, ONE-NET,
ZigBee, Z-Wave, Wibree,
WirelessHART, 802.15.4, MiWi
C, LabVIEW,nesC
Hardware
Iris Mote, Sun SPOT, Xbee, Arduino
Software
TinyDB, TOSSIM, NS-2, OPNET,
NetSim, LinuxMCE
Key distribution, Location estimation,
Sensor Web, Telemetry
AODV, DSR, TSMP
Industry standards
Applications
Protocols
Used in Project
OS (TinyOS), platform(Micaz),
Programming language
C++,Protocol(AODV, DSR, TSMP)
 Sensor
Web/ Sensor Grid, Internet of
things,M2M
 Ubiquitous Computing : Smart home/Cities,
smart meter, smart TV/appliances,.
 Future with Graphene Smart dust is hot.
 Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT).
Used by Facebook,IBM smart planet
initiatives
 Already in use Disaster management,
Alternative energy , health monitoring,
agriculture, defense.
 WSN
nodes are very small and design is
dominates by size of battery. WSN are using
various technology like energy harvesting
,piezoelectric material technology to reduce
size of battery.
 Power consumption in sensor networks can
be divided into three domains: sensing,
communication and data processing.
 Router node consume more power than leaf
nodes. Due to unbalanced energy
consumption, WSN nodes on busy routing
paths may drain their batteries faster than
other nodes, Energy aware routing is
important.
 data-centric:
like directed diffusion, sensor
protocols for information via negotiation
(SPIN) and power aware many-to-many
routing fall into this category
 cluster-based: Low-energy adaptive
clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is an example of
a cluster-based sensor network routing
algorithm.
 location-based: minimum energy
communication network (MECN) and
geographic adaptive fidelity (GAF) are
location-based routing algorithms.










QOverall = QCPU + QRadioTrans + QRadioRcv
QCPU = PCPU * TCPU = PCPU * (BEnc * TBEnc + BDec * TBDec +BMac
* TBMac + TRadioActive).
PX in Eq. 2 represents the power of device X.
TX means the computation time of device X
TBY denotes the per-byte time consumed for doing
operation Y.
BY indicates the amount of bytes to be computed by
operation Y
Enc, Dec and Mac denote the encryption, decryption, and
MAC digest generation operations respectively
TRadioActive represents the radio transceiver’s active time, as
the processor module remains active while the radio chip
is turned on.
QRadioTrans = PRadioTrans * (KTrans * BTrans + TStartup)
QRadioRcv = PRadioRcv * (KRcv * BRcv + TIdle)
 Decide
the price of adding security to WSN
routing protocols or further estimate the
network lifetime of their WSNs
 Mathematical models used to estimate extra
energy consumption of routing protocols due
to security features in WSN.
 Empirical values and physical actual values
are compared to validate model for different
routing protocols.
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Task
Setting up MicaZ platform
Routing protocols setup in on
hardware and OS platform.
Vulnerability and security of
protocols
Writing code on TinyOS on
MicaZ
Testing codes for various
routing protocols
Taking measure for each
protocol and applying model
Comparing empirical values
with model values
Presentation of results
From date
To Date
March 01 2013 15 March 2013
15 March 2013 31 March 2013
31 March 2013 15 April 2013
15 April 2013
15 May 2013
15 May 2015
30 May 2013
30 May 2015
30 June 2013
30 June 2013
15 July 2013
15 July 2013
25. July 2013