The Vehicle Industry, Regulation
and Safety
Philip McKenzie
Australia
Agenda
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Overview
Vehicle Safety
Vehicle Industry Activities
Driver
Infrastructure
Vehicle Emissions
Regulation
Other Influences
Summary
Ultimate Goal of Industry and Government
No Injury or Death
• How to Achieve?
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Research
Accident Analysis
Development
Testing
Application
Working Together
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Decade of Action
NTC ( National Transport Commission )
Research bodies
Governments
Industry
Community
Vehicle Safety
Vehicle Safety
• Long History
• Haddon Matrix ( 1970 )
• Basis of injury prevention
• Factors in crash sequence – pre crash, crash, post crash
• Inputs – human, vehicle/equipment, environment
Basic responsibilities
• Human – Primary is government, secondary is
vehicle manufacturers
• Vehicle/equipment – Primary is vehicle
manufacturers, secondary is
governments
• Environment – Primary is governments
Vehicle Manufacturers Activities
Vehicle
• Passive safety
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Energy absorbing body structure
Occupant restraint
Optimized body structures
Seat belt P/T & F/L
Side airbags
Knee airbags
etc…
Direction of passive safety
• Injury – Severe/fatal
Less severe
• Occupant - Adult male
Various types of
occupants, child, aged, small, large
• Configuration – Barrier
Various types of
impact, PED, rollover, under/over, pole, small
overlap
Active safety
• Vehicle stability
• Accident mitigation
• ABS ( Anti-lock )
• Traction control
• Vehicle stability control
• Pre-crash
Active safety has significant potential to reduce injuries
Increased safety
Integration of Systems
Braking &
Driving
Cooperative
control
+ Steering
Cooperative
control
Safety
VSC, ABS
etc
Today
Tomorrow
Technology Development
• Recognition – monitoring of surroundings
• Judgement – e.g. braking distance, use of
logic
• Action – e.g. emergency braking assistance
Pre Crash Safety
• Active safety system to avoid collision
• Monitoring technology to activate pre-crash
technology, e.g. cameras, radar, suspension
control, collision judging computer, pre-crash seat
belts, whiplash mitigation
• Passive safety
Injury reduction if accident
occurs
Safety Technology Direction
Driver
Driver
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Least advanced
Major cause
Young people in low technology vehicles
Education and training
Law enforcement
Challenge – use of engineering to negate
inconsistencies
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
• Major developments and potential
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Interactive
Intelligent
Collision avoidance
Separation, vehicle to vehicle and human
• Traffic Management, must link with
• Vehicle to vehicle
• Vehicle to driver to infrastructure
• Vehicle control – e.g. speed control, traffic management to
reduce congestion and collision
Vehicle Emissions
Vehicle Emissions
• Regulation driving technology
• Output driven – different technologies to
achieve outcomes
• Industry goal – sustainable future
Vehicle Emissions
• International approach
National
• All impacting factors need consistent
regulation, e.g. fuels
• Testing regime must match real world
• Incentive approach
• Infrastructure role in reducing congestion
Regulation
Regulation
• Australia
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Mature system in Australia, long history
Harmonising with UN
ADR/UN ECE flexibility
National approach – sometimes a challenge
• International
• gtr ( global technical regulation ). Basis of
regulation with local management
Regulation – Challenges
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Regional protectiveness
Regions developing at different rates
One size fits all expensive
National approach a must
Regulation must not impede technology
Must focus on outcomes, not particular
technologies
Regulation challenges continued
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Mutual recognition
Opens markets to competition
How to pick winners
Speed of introduction of regulations e.g.
harmonising regulations can be a slow process
Regulation and the Vehicle Industry
• Minimum standards are required
• Vehicle development lead times are long
• Structure changes, i.e. PED are the longest
• Add on technologies – i.e. electronic are shorter but
can have long lead time testing
• Harmonisation is a must or cost up significantly
• Mutual recognition a must or cost up
• Robust system for mutual recognition required
Other Influences
Summary
Summary
• Overall perspective
• Regulation or NCAP
collaborative approach
required
• New technology introduction driven by industry
• Safety/Environment major R&D focus
• How to regulate for the best & most beneficial
technology
• Time frames must be realistic
Summary continued
• Consult widely
• Research based advances
• Prove advantage
• Actual reduction in trauma
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Harmonisation
Mutual recognition
Steady progress – not everything at once
Improve penetration of new technology – get rid of
clunkers
• Do not price vehicles out of peoples reach – new cars with
lower technology are better than old cars
Thank you for your attention
Any Questions
Email philip@rpm2604.com