Sistem Informasi Geografis
Pertemuan 4
Teknologi, Aplikasi & BidangBidang Pemanfatan GIS
Part 1
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GIS Technology
GIS
Dekstop GIS
Web GIS
Mobile GIS
• GIS is moving from Desktop systems to Distributed system
▫ OpenGIS concept  increase the interoperability of
geospatial data
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Desktop GIS
• Represents the real world on a computer
• Limited to the desktop Computer
• Not everyone can access the applications
• Desktop GIS Functionalities
▫ View data on a map
▫ Analyze data  Create, edit, and analyze
geographic data on your desktop computer.
▫ Create publication quality, professional maps
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Desktop GIS
• GIS Software
▫ Proprietary Software
 ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI)
 Envision (Autodesk)
 MapInfo Professional
▫ Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
 GRASS GIS
 Quantum GIS (QGIS)
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Proprietary Software
1. ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI)
Includes 4 software components.
a. ArcReader
b. ArcView
c. ArcEditor
d. ArcInfo
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Proprietary Software
2. Envision (Autodesk)
• Integrates GIS spatial data and AutoCad design data
• Perform civil engineering tasks such as
• Calculating elevations
• Cut/fill volumes
• Running flood analyses
• AutoDesk Raster Design is used to edit, modify, and
enhance raster data
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Proprietary Software
3. MapInfo Professional
• A full featured Desktop geospatial solution
• Comes with easy-to-use software and a powerful software tool
• Vertical Mapper third party add-on for raster data
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FOSS Software
1. GRASS GIS
•
•
•
•
GRASS - Geographic Resources Analysis Support System
Supports various platforms
Supports for both raster & vector formats
Functionalities
 Geospatial data management and analysis
 Image processing
 Graphics/maps production
 Spatial modeling
 Visualization
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FOSS Software
2. Quantum GIS (QGIS)
• Support multiple
platforms: Linux, Unix,
Mac OSX, and Windows
• Support multiple data
formats:
• Vector, raster, database
formats,
• GRASS layers
• Extendable functionality
using plug-ins
http://qgis.org/brochure/qgis_brochure_en.pdf
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Desktop GIS
• Advantages
▫ You have all the data
and processing at
your station
• Disadvantages
▫ You must invest in the
processor and storage
space
▫ Data and maps are not
easily shared
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Web Based GIS
• “Web GIS is a Geographic Information
System distributed across a networked
computer environment to integrate,
disseminate, and communicate geographic
information visually on the World Wide
Web over the Internet.” [Gillavry, 2000]
• Disseminate geospatial data and processing
tools
• Possible to Process geo-related information
with no location restrictions.
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Web Based GIS
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
▫ Minimal processor
▫ Must have a fast
and storage space
network connection
needed
▫ Data resides off site
▫ Many data sets
▫ Dependent on
available
resources off site, not
▫ The processor on the
under your control
web server is likely to
be more powerful
than your desktop unit
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Web GIS Architechture
Web GIS
Client-Server
Architecture
Distributed
Architecture
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Web GIS Architechture
1. Client – Server Architecture
• Geoprocessing  Server side & Client side tasks
• Typical three tier architecture
• Presentation tier : contains user interface
• Application logic tier : model & process GIS data
• Storage tier : databases that store GIS data
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Web GIS Architechture
1. Client – Server Architecture
• A typical client-server architecture
Client
Middle Ware
Server
Spatial request
Web
Browser
Internet
Web Server
Internet Map
Server
(IMS)
HTML, Image, Map..
GIS
Software
GIS
Database
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Web GIS Architechture
2. Distributed Architecture
 Both data and processing components are distributed
 The client and server do not refer to a specific machine
 “Geodata anywhere, Geoprocessing anywhere” model
 Distributed object architectures
o Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model
(DCOM)
o Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
o Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI)
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software


Allow users to access spatial data via a web browser interface
Interact with web server and spatial database
Proprietary software
FOSS software
- ArcView IMS (ESRI)
- Minnesota Map Server
- MapObjects IMS (ESRI)
- Open-GIS Multiviewer
- ArcIMS (ESRI)
- GIS Viewer
- MapGuide (Autodesk)
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
Proprietary Software
1. ArcView IMS (ESRI)
 Extension of ESRI's Desktop-GIS application- ArcView
 One of the first available Map Server systems
 Requires an open session of ArcView running on the
Web server with IMS ArcView middleware
 Client cannot change the composition of the received
map
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
Proprietary Software
2. MapObjects IMS (ESRI)
 Integrate three applications :MapObjects IMS, MapObjects
Professional, and ArcExplorer
 Can consider as a programming platform
 For GIS applications - Visual Basic, Visual C + +, Delphi
 For client applications - HTML (JavaScript), ActiveX
 Supports Windows or UNIX-based Web servers
 Uses modern three-tier architecture
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
Proprietary Software
3. ArcIMS (ESRI)
 Most widely used Proprietary IMS software
 A three tier architecture
http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/ims-technology-esri.htm
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
Proprietary Software
3. ArcIMS …
 The components of the ArcIMS server :
- Spatial Server
- Applications Server
- Connectors to the Applications Server [Servelets,
ColdFusion, ActiveX ]
- Administrator
 Tool for designing map services  need not to program client
 Client receives instructions suitable for processing
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
Proprietary Software
4. MapGuide (Autodesk)
 Similar capacities to those of ArcIMS
 Provide tools for basic geographical operations
 Own data format – SDF
 Extensions required to convert other formats to SDF
format
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
FOSS Software
1. Minnesota Map Server
 World’s leading open source Web-Mapping tool
 Originally developed for the University of Minnesota
(UMN)
 Supported platforms : Linux/Apache, Windows NT/98/95
 A CGI program that sits inactive on a Web Server
 Uses information passed in the URL and the Map File to
process the request
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
FOSS Software
1. Minnesota Map Server…
 The MapServer architecture 
 Client - Web browser
 Server
- HTTP Server (Apache, IIS)
- MapServer CGI (mapserve.exe)
- Map Files
- Geographic Data
[ESRI Shape files, GeoTIFF]
Illustrated according to diagram from
http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/new_users/msappdiagram/
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
FOSS Software
1. Minnesota Map Server…
How MapServer works?
http:// <location of the mapserver program> <location of the mapfile> <other parameters>
http://192.8.10.52/cgi-bin/mapserve.exe? map=/ms4w/apps/app1/htdocs/test.map
Web
Browser
Request
Web
Server
Request
Mapserver
(CGI)
test.map
Mapfiles
Result
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
FOSS Software
1. Minnesota Map Server…
 Advantages of using MapServer
- Comes as a standard package which bundles MapServer
and many required supporting tools
- No dedicated hardware is required
- Client is only a web browser
- Not bounded to any specific language
- Compliant to the OGC Specification
- Support for database access (PostGIS, MySql)
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Internet Map Server (IMS) Software
FOSS Software
2. GIS VIEWER
 Developed by the University of California, Berkeley at "UC
Berkeley Digital Library Project”
 Supported platforms : Unix, Linux, Windows NT
 Display geographical information by means of a window
(viewfinder)
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Tugas Kelompok
• Buatlah kelompok terdiri dari 3-4 orang. Carilah sebuah
contoh WebGIS yang dikembangkan
instansi/lembaga/perusahaan di Indonesia. Telaah dan bahas
poin-poin yang disajikan dalam aplikasi WebGIS tersebut
termasuk tentang:
 Analisis tentang user dan scopenya (jumlah user)
 Teknologi yang digunakan
 Kekurangan-kekurangan yang kira-kira dapat
dioptimalkan
 Peluang-peluang pengembangan, dll
Buat presentasi (PPTX) hasil pembahasannya. Tugas
dikumpulkan via E-mail empribadi@gmail.com dengan
penamaan file ‘webgis abc_kelas.zip’.
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Terima Kasih
Thank You
Xie xie
Arigato gozaimas
Shukron