International Financial Reporting Standards
Quiz:
Associates and joint
arrangements
Joint World Bank and IFRS Foundation
‘train the trainers’ workshop hosted by the
ECCB, 30 April to 4 May 2012
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the
presenter, not necessarily those of the IASB or IFRS Foundation.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Case 1
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
2
• A and B (the parties) are two companies in the
construction industry.
• Contractual arrangement to work together for the
purpose of fulfilling a contract with a government for
the design and construction of a road between two
cities. The contractual arrangement establishes
joint control.
• A and B set up a separate vehicle (Z) through which
to conduct the arrangement.
• The main feature of entity Z’s legal form is that the
parties, not entity Z, have rights to the assets, and
obligations for the liabilities, of the entity.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Case 1 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• The contractual arrangement between A and
B additionally establishes that:
• the rights to all the assets needed to undertake
the activities of the arrangement are shared by
the parties on the basis of their participation in
the arrangement;
• the parties have several responsibility for all
operating and financial obligations relating to
the activities of the arrangement on the basis of
their participation shares in the arrangement;
and
• the profit or loss resulting from the activities of
the arrangement is shared by A and B on the
basis of their participation shares in the
arrangement.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
3
Separate vehicles
Contractual
terms
Other
Do the parties have rights to the assets
and obligations for the liabilities?
Yes
No
Do the parties have contractual rights to
the assets, and obligations for the
Yes
liabilities?
No
Is the arrangement designed so:
a) Its activities primarily aim to provide
parties with an output, and
(b) It depends on the parties for settling
liabilities?
No
Joint Venture
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Yes
Joint Operation
Legal form
4
Case 1 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• Separate vehicle – JV?
• Legal form of the separate vehicle?
• Parties have the rights to assets and
liabilities of the separate vehicle
• Likely to be a joint operation
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
5
Case 2
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
6
• A and B (the parties) set up a separate vehicle
(entity H) and a Joint Operating Agreement (JOA)
to undertake oil and gas exploration, development
and production activities.
• The main feature of entity H’s legal form is that it
causes the separate vehicle to be considered in its
own right.
• The JOA specifies that the rights and obligations
arising from the exploration, development and
production activities shall be shared (ie the permits,
the production obtained, all costs associated with
the activities, taxes payable, etc).
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Separate vehicles
Contractual
terms
Other
Do the parties have rights to the assets
and obligations for the liabilities?
Yes
No
Do the parties have contractual rights to
the assets, and obligations for the
Yes
liabilities?
No
Is the arrangement designed so:
a) Its activities primarily aim to provide
parties with an output, and
(b) It depends on the parties for settling
liabilities?
No
Joint Venture
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Yes
Joint Operation
Legal form
7
Case 2 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
8
• Separate vehicle
• Has rights to own assets and liabilties
• Contractual rights?
• Specifies that rights and obligations shall be shared
by the parties
• Link to the objective of a joint operation—assets and
liabilities that rightly belong on the entity’s statement of
financial position must be recognised
• Likely to be a joint operation
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Case 3
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• Banks A and B (the parties) agreed to combine their
corporate, investment banking, asset management
and services activities by establishing a separate
vehicle (bank C).
• The main feature of bank C’s legal form is that it
causes the separate vehicle to be considered in its
own right.
• Banks A and B each have a 40 per cent ownership
interest in bank C, with the remaining 20 per cent
being listed and widely held.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
9
Case 3 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• Band A and bank B entered into an irrevocable
agreement under which, even in the event of a dispute,
both banks agree to provide the necessary funds in
equal amounts and, if required, jointly and severally, to
ensure that bank C complies with the applicable
legislation and banking regulations, and honours any
commitments made to the banking authorities.
• This commitment represents the assumption by each
party of 50 per cent of any funds needed to ensure that
bank C complies with legislation and banking
regulations.
• The terms of the contractual arrangement do not
specify that the parties have rights to the assets, or
obligations for the liabilities, of bank C.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
10
Separate vehicles
Contractual
terms
Other
Do the parties have rights to the assets
and obligations for the liabilities?
Yes
No
Do the parties have contractual rights to
the assets, and obligations for the
Yes
liabilities?
No
Is the arrangement designed so:
a) Its activities primarily aim to provide
parties with an output, and
(b) It depends on the parties for settling
liabilities?
No
Joint Venture
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Yes
Joint Operation
Legal form
11
Case 3 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• Separate vehicle
• Vehicle’s assets and liabilities considered in own
right
• Specific facts and circumstances
• Agreement exposes the entities to risk
• Extent and probability of exposure?
• Likely to be a JV
• BUT, if not probable—similar to a financial
guarantee contract (is fee paid by Bank C?)
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
12
Case 4
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• Two parties structure a joint arrangement in an
incorporated entity (entity C) in which each party has
a 50 per cent ownership interest. The purpose of the
arrangement is to manufacture materials required by
the parties for their own individual manufacturing
processes.
• The legal form of entity C (an incorporated entity)
through which the activities are conducted initially
indicates that the assets and liabilities held in entity C
are the assets and liabilities of entity C.
• The contractual arrangement between the parties
does not specify that the parties have rights to the
assets or obligations for the liabilities of entity C.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
13
Case 4 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• The parties agreed to purchase all the output
produced by entity C in a ratio of 50:50. Entity C
cannot sell any of the output to third parties, unless
this is approved by the two parties to the
arrangement. Because the purpose of the
arrangement is to provide the parties with output they
require, such sales to third parties are expected to be
uncommon and not material.
• The price of the output sold to the parties is set by
both parties at a level that is designed to cover the
costs of production and administrative expenses
incurred by entity C. On the basis of this operating
model, the arrangement is intended to operate at a
break-even level.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
14
Separate vehicles
Contractual
terms
Other
Do the parties have rights to the assets
and obligations for the liabilities?
Yes
No
Do the parties have contractual rights to
the assets, and obligations for the
Yes
liabilities?
No
Is the arrangement designed so:
a) Its activities primarily aim to provide
parties with an output, and
(b) It depends on the parties for settling
liabilities?
No
Joint Venture
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Yes
Joint Operation
Legal form
15
Case 4 continued
Joint Operation or Joint Venture?
• Separate legal entity
• Agreement provides rights to underlying assets and
obligation for underlying liabilities
• Agreement requires entities to buy production at cost:
• Risk is carried by parties—have to pay production
cost
• Therefore, vehicle won’t be profitable
• If losses—risk borne by entities
• Likely to be a joint operation
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
16
Quiz: Associates, joint ventures and
joint arrangements
17
Question 1: Which of the following provide
evidence to support the existence of
significant influence by an investor?
a. representation on board of directors?
b. material transactions between the
investor and the investee?
c. interchange of managerial personnel?
d. provision of essential technical info?
e. all of the above?
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Quiz: Associates, joint ventures and
joint arrangements
18
Question 1: Which of the following provide
evidence to support the existence of
significant influence by an investor?
a. representation on board of directors?
b. material transactions between the
investor and the investee?
c. interchange of managerial personnel?
d. provision of essential technical info?
e. all of the above?
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Quiz: Associates, joint ventures and
joint arrangements
19
Question 2: An investor (that uses full
IFRSs) in a joint venture has joint control
accounts for that investment using the
equity method unless:
a. Investor is a parent and the scope
exemption in paragraph 4(a) of IFRS 10
b. A venture capital organisation or similar
entity can elect to measure its
investments in associates or joint
ventures at fair value through profit or
loss in accordance with IFRS 9.
c. Both a. and b.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Quiz: Associates, joint ventures and
joint arrangements
20
Question 2: An investor (that uses full
IFRSs) in a joint venture has joint control
accounts for that investment using the
equity method unless:
a. Investor is a parent and the scope
exemption in paragraph 4(a) of IFRS 10
b. A venture capital organisation or similar
entity can elect to measure its
investments in associates or joint
ventures at fair value through profit or
loss in accordance with IFRS 9.
c. Both a. and b.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Questions or comments?
Expressions of individual views
by members of the IASB and its
staff are encouraged.
The views expressed in this
presentation are those of the
presenter.
Official positions of the IASB on
accounting matters are
determined only after extensive
due process and deliberation.
© IFRS Foundation | 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
21
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The requirements are set out in International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs), as issued by the IASB at
1 January 2012 with an effective date after 1 January
2012 but not the IFRSs they will replace.
The IFRS Foundation, the authors, the presenters and
the publishers do not accept responsibility for loss
caused to any person who acts or refrains from acting
in reliance on the material in this PowerPoint
presentation, whether such loss is caused by
negligence or otherwise.
© 2011
IFRS Foundation
| 30 Cannon
| London
6XH | EC4M
UK. www.ifrs.org
©
IFRS Foundation
| 30Street
Cannon
StreetEC4M
| London
6XH | UK | www.ifrs.org