MIXING and FLOW CONTROL
in
HIGH-SPEED COMBUSTORS
Presented by:
Conyers Nelson
Computer Science
Ysidro Alfaro
Electrical Engineering
MESA Program, San Diego City College
November 2012
BACKGROUND

1 week “train-the-trainer” academy for understanding
“what is research?”

Hosted at San Diego State University – July 2012

Led by 3 graduate research students

20 MESA student participants (10 each from City College
and Southwestern College)

Trained on research process

Learned about available research opportunities

Conducted 3-day “investigative shadow” in teams

Funded by California Space Grant Consortium
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
RESEARCH ACTUALLY IS …
Research is an investigation of an idea using a
scientific, engineering, or research method.
Scientific Method
Engineering Method
Research Method
State your question
Define the problem
Identify and develop your
topic
Do background research
Do background research
Literature Survey
Formulate your hypothesis
Specify requirements
Set goals
Design experiment,
establish procedure
Create multiple solutions and
choose the best one
Theoretical Methods
Test your hypothesis
Build prototype
Experimental Methods
Analyze your results and
draw conclusions
Test and redesign as needed
Data analysis and
interpretation
Communicate results
Communicate results
Communicate results
1 - IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC
Mix Flow
Control in High
Speed
Combustors
2 - LITERATURE SURVEY
Finding definition of concepts
Mach and Froude numbers
Mach number is the speed of velocity/speed of sound
Froude number is the velocity of water/speed of the
gravity of the wave
Shallow water
Theory: Analogy between shallow water and
compressible gas
Hydraulic jump
Supercritical and Subcritical
(Fast moving)
(slow moving)
HYDRAULIC JUMP
Supercritical and Subcritical
3 - SET GOALS
Discover how objects act in shallow water
Find the correlation between Froude number
and Mach number
Help engineers who test wings
Fuel efficiency of an aircraft
The wing expansion
The shape of the noise of the plane
4 - THEORETICAL METHOD
Shallow water theory analogy: This is the
analogy between shallow water and
compressible gasses.
Note: The water is an substitute for
compressible gas
By using water it saves time. Conducting this
same experiment using a wind tunnel it would take
½ of a day.
Water is cost ef ficient and take only 10 minutes.
3 GOVERNING EQUATIONS
1. Conservation Law of Mass-What size of mass goes
in, the same sizes comes out.
𝑝1 𝑢 1 𝐴 1 = 𝑝 2 𝑢 2 𝐴 2
1. Conservation Law of Energy - Amount of energy that
goes in, the same amount comes out.
𝑢 12
𝑢 22
ℎ1 +
= ℎ2 +
2
2
1. Conservation Law of Momentum- Amount of
momentum/force that goes in, the same amount
goes out,
𝑝1 + 𝑝1 𝑢
2
1
= 𝑝2 + 𝑝2 𝑢
2
2
5 - EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=3P3DzWjszFM
MANUFACTURING
 Design
Was created by Daniel Nelson, a graduate student at
SDSU, studying fluid mechanics
 Get the pieces
The projected was awarded a $1 ,200 grant to purchase
materials.
 Build
SOLIDWORKS
Engineering Computer Program
RESEARCH EXPERIENCE
USING COOL MACHINES
SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSIT Y (SDSU)
Scholarships for Undergraduate Student Participation
in Computational Science and Engineering
Research Program
Available to assist academically talented, financially needy
students to explore opportunities for computational modeling
and simulation research in science and engineering disciplines.
Funded by National Science Foundation.
SDSU
(CONTINUED)
Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC)
The Minority Access to Research Career s (MARC) Honors
Undergraduate Research Training Program was recently awarded to
San Diego State Univer sity from the National Institutes of Health.
Students who are selected as trainees can receive three -quar ter
tuition and a monthly stipend of $ 913
Contact: Thelma Chavez
SDSU
(CONTINUED)
Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS)
Is an intensive undergraduate research training program which prepares
students for direct entry into STEM
 Year-round financial assistance for your research development.
Undergraduates are paid 15 hour s/week during the academic
semester s, and up to 30 -40 hour s/week over the summer
(depending on the budget)
 Year round research and academic mentoring
 Connection to graduate program and other research oppor tunities
Contact: Michelle Lopez
SDSU
(CONTINUED)
McNair Scholars Program
 In 1976, at the age of 26, he earned his Ph.D. in laser physics
 Ronald E. McNair was the second African American to fly in space .
 He was killed instantly when the Challenger exploded one minute,
thirteen seconds after it was launched.
 Program is an innovative program that prepares talented students
in the pursuit of doctoral study and careers in higher education.
Contact: Veronica Bejar
UNIVERSIT Y OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
(UCSD)
 AMGEN Scholars Program
The program supports summer research for thirty
undergraduates majoring in fields related to biotechnology,
including: microbiology, bioengineering, biochemistry,
neuroscience, and molecular genetics.
 Faculty Mentor Program
The Faculty Mentor Program of fers research experience to all
junior or seniors who have the desire to prepare for graduate
or professional school.
UCSD
(CONTINUED)
 CAMP Science Program
The UCSD California Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority
Participation (CAMP) in Science, Engineering and Mathematics
program provides support and advancement opportunities to
ethnically underrepresented (African American, Mexican
American, Latino, American Indian, Alaskan Native, or Native
Pacific Islander) students who are seeking bachelor's degrees in
chemistry, physics, cognitive science, biology, other sciences,
mathematics, engineering and technology.
 Health & Medical Professions Preparation Program
The UCSD Health and Medical Professions Preparation Program
(HMP3) provides undergraduates with enriching experiences that
will enhance their preparation for admission into professional
school in the medical and other health professions.
 McNair Program
The McNair Program provides low -income, first-generation
college students, and students from groups underrepresented in
graduate education, with effective preparation for doctoral
study.
UCSD
(CONTINUED)
 MARC Scholars Program
The Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) Program is
designed to train and prepare highly qualified
underrepresented minority undergraduate students in the
biosciences for entry into graduate school.
 Summer Research Program
The UCSD Summer Research Program is an eight -week, fulltime research experience for undergraduates.
 UCSD Undergraduate Research Conference
Held each May, the UCSD Annual Undergraduate Research
Conference recognizes outstanding scholarly work produced
by UCSD undergraduates.
 UCSD Undergraduate Research Scholarship
All UCSD undergraduates in any major are eligible to apply.
UNIVERSIT Y OF SAN DIEGO (USD)
 Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE)
provides funds to USD undergraduates to conduct
summer research with a USD faculty mentor.
 Pre-Undergraduate Research Experience (PURE)
offers summer research opportunities to San Diego high
school students who will begin classes at USD in the fall
and who may be the first in their families to pursue a
college education.
 Honors Program
offers a four-year interdisciplinary curriculum integrated
with a student's major and engages the students in
sustained independent work through original research
projects as a focus of a senior independent study
project.
USD (CONTINUED)
 Community Ser vice-Learning
offers course-based service-learning courses that
incorporate community partnerships which can also
include research and internship opportunities.
 McNair Scholars
are partnered with faculty mentors in their discipline,
formulate a research plan, and receive stipends to
support their research projects.
 Hayes Scholarship/Fellowship
provides funding to support research in the sciences.
 Independent study
allows students to conduct research on a topic of
interest by enrolling in an independent study course. In
addition, research can be conducted as part of an
international study course
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS
AVAILABLE RESEARCH ACADEMY
TRAINING MATERIALS
 Research Process (PowerPoint)
 The Craft of Research (Text)
 How to Give a Research Presentation (PowerPoint)
 Training Handout (PDF)
 Error Analysis (PDF)
 Tips for Charts and Graphs (PDF)
 Presentation Rubric (PDF)
 Did you ask a good question today?" (PDF)
For more information, visit MESA Program website:
www.sdcity.edu/mesa (see “Announcements”)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
QUESTIONS?