18th AATWA Annual Conference (Lagos, 2013)
Albert Folorunsho FCA, FCTI, ADIT.
Pedabo Associates Limited
Albert Folorunsho
INTRODUCTION
1
• SMEs play an important role in a Nation’s
economic development
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• SMEs are largest employers of labour in the
economy
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• Nigeria needs to support the growth of SMEs as
a tool for its overall economic development
4
• Major impediments of the SME sector in Nigeria
include: Infrastructural decay, Funding
problems, Unhealthy competition by MNEs
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• The fortunes of SMEs need to be reversed if the
millennium goals are to be achieve
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INTRODUCTION -Cont’d
At the end of the presentation, participants will be more
acquainted with:
Global definitions of SMEs
The roles and significance of SMEs in an
economy
Problems limiting the success of SMEs
with particular reference to Nigeria.
The roles accountants play for the SMEs
and the opportunities for Accounting
Technicians
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1
SMEs Definition / Classification
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SMEs Definition / Classification

The UN and OECD have provided general criteria for SME
definition;
o Turnover
o Asset base
o Number of employees

Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industries defines
SMEs as follows:
Capital
Employees
•
Retail & service sector
Wholesale Sector
Manufacturing Sector
•
•
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≤ USD 600,000
< USD1.2 Million
<USD3.6 Million
<50
<100
<300
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SMEs Definition / Classification - Cont’d

Small Business Administration of USA defines SMEs as
businesses that are:
o Independently owned and operated
o Non-dominant and profit oriented
o Classification based on number of employees and sales volume
o < 50 employees
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Turnover
≤ €50 million
B/S
≤€43 million
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SMEs Definition / Classification - Cont’d

Ministry of Economic Affairs – Taiwan
Manufacturing,
Construction, Mining,
Quarrying
Paid in capital
Sales Rev
≤ USD42 million
-
Agric, forestry, fisheries,
water, elect, Gas etc

≤ USD3.03 million
IFC & Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
< 50 employees
o < $3million total annual sales
o
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2
Nigeria
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SME Definition in Nigeria
CBN under Small & Medium Enterprise Credit Guarantee
Scheme(SMECGS)
a.
o Asset Base (excluding land) – between N5m & N500m.
o Labour force
- between 11 and 300 employees
National Council of industry (2001)
b.
Employee ≤ 300
- Asset base ≤ N200 million
-
National Policy on SMEs
c.
-
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Micro enterprises - ≤ 10 employee and <45 million asset base
Small Enterprise between 10 – 49 employees and between N5m &
N50m asset base
Medium Enterprise: From 50 – 199 employees
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Roles & Significance of SMEs
The following have been said of SMEs:
• SMEs contributes 50% of GDP …..(OECD).
• 65% of employment in high income countries are from SMEs.
• SMEs generate 70% - 90% of employment in middle income countries.
• Significant impact on the export earnings in developing countries.
• SMEs enhances entrepreneurship innovation and invention
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Roles & Significance of SMEs - Cont’d
• SMEs drive technology change and growth in productivity
• Catalyst to private sector development
• According to IFC, 96% of business in Nigeria fall under SMEs
• 90% of manufacturing and industrial sector in numbers fall under
SMEs.
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Problems Limiting the Success of SMEs in Nigeria
•
Deficient public infrastructure
•
Bureaucratic bottlenecks & inefficiency in the administration of incentives
•
Lack of easy access to funds
•
Discrimination by banks, due to credit risk
•
High cost of packaging appropriate business proposals
•
Uneven competition and preference for imported products
•
Dependence on imported raw materials – foreign exchange risks
•
Low and dwindling consumer purchasing power resulting in low demand
for local products
•
Dumping & importation of substandard products
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Problems Limiting the Success of SMEs in Nigeria –
Cont’d
• Inadequate educational & technical background.
• Weakness in organization, marketing, personnel, accounting records
and information usage, processing & retrieval.
• Multiplicity of regulatory agencies & taxes, increasing high cost of doing
business.
• Absence of long term finance.
• Poor intellectual capital resources
• Lack of appropriate & adequate managerial & entrepreneur skills
• Inadequate training & leadership development
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Agencies set up to support SMEs
• Small & Medium enterprises credit Guarantee Scheme (SMECGS) of
CBN.
• Small & Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMIEIS) of
CBN.
• Family Economic Advancement Program (FEAP)
• Industrial Development and Coordinating Centre.
• National Directorate of Employment
• Nigerian Bank for Commerce & Industries (NBCI)
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Agencies set up to support SMEs – Cont’d
• Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB)
• National Economic Reconstruction Fund (NERFUND)
• The African Development Bank / Export Stimulation Loan (ADB/ESL)
• Nigerian Export Import Bank
• Microfinance Banks
• Bank of Industry (BOI)
• Small & Medium enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria
(SMEDAN).
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Major Areas Identified for Development to boost SMEs
• Institutional, Legal & Regulatory framework.
• Human Resource Development.
• Technology, Research & Development.
• Extension & Support Services
• Marketing
• Infrastructure
• Finance.
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Other Steps to boost SMEs Growth
• Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC).
• Nigerian Export Promotion Commission (NEPE)
• The Industrial Development Act.
• Nigerian Content Development Act.
• Private Sector participation in Power, Tourism, Manufacturing and
Export.
• Solid Mineral Mining etc.
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3
The Roles of the Accountant
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The Roles of the Accountant
• Accountability and Planning.
• Feasibility Report.
• Business Plan Preparation.
• Financial Modeling.
• Accounting Services & Book Keeping.
• Tax Management Services.
• IT Services.
• Audit & Assurance Services.
• Asset Verification & Certification.
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Competence Areas for the Accounting Technicians
• Budget Preparation
• Cashflow forecasting
• Basic Accounting functions
 Analysis of payables & receivables
 Bank Reconciliation
 Petty cash management functions
 General Ledger entry.
• Tax Compliance functions
• Payroll management functions
• Preparation of management accounts.
• Basic internal control functions
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Opportunities for and place of the Accounting
Technicians.
• Employment opportunities
• As accounts officers in SMEs.
• Outsourcing materials for big/medium size firm.
• Direct contract services for SMEs.
• Assist SMEs to be complaint with IFRS effective from 2014.
• Ample opportunity to diversify from Accounting Profession to several
lines of business under the SMEs schemes.
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4
Thank You
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