Modeling and Analysis of State-of-the-art
VM-based Cloud Management Platforms
Saif U. K. Malik, Samee U. Khan, Senior Member, IEEE,
Surdarshan K. Srinivansan, Member, IEEE
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING (2013)
報告者： 計財15 100071018韋自鴻 計財15 100071020楊佑濬
1
Introduction
2
What is Cloud Computing?
3
Cloud Computing structure
User Level
Application
Social Computing, Enterprise, ISV,…
User-Level
Middleware
Programming language
Web 2.0 介面, Mashups, Workflows, …
Core Middleware
Control
Qos Neqotiation, Ddmission Control,
Pricing, SLA Management, Metering…
Virtualization
VM, VM management and Deployment
System Level
4
現有的雲端運算服務
 Windows
 Google
 Amazon
 Yahoo
 ......
5
Type of Cloud Computing Industry
6
Features of cloud computing
Virtualization
Large scale
High reliability
pay-as-you-go
High Scalability
High versatility
Low Cost
7
Cloud Computing Industry
Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS

Delivers computer infrastructure such as
virtualization, storage, and networking that
offers incremental scalability.

infrastructure stack:

Full OS access

Firewalls

Routers

Load balancing
8
Cloud Computing Industry
Examples


Flexiscale
AWS: EC2 (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)
IaaS
9
Cloud Computing Industry
Platform as a Service
PaaS
IaaS

Provide a platform for system
administrators and developers to build,
test and deploy custom applications

Expensive cost management system
Popular services

Storage

Database

Scalability
10
Cloud Computing Industry
Examples
PaaS

Google App Engine

AWS: S3 (Simple Storage Service)

Microsoft Azure
IaaS
11
Cloud Computing Industry
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Software as a Service

Do not manage hardware and software

Simple operation (browser)

Pay per use

Instant Scalability

Security

Reliability
12
Cloud Computing Industry
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Examples

Google Docs

CRM

Financial Planning

Human Resources

Word processing

Salesforce.com
13
Comparison table
Service
Amazon
Google
Microsoft
Yahoo
EC2
App Engine
Azure
Hadoop
架構
Iaas/Paas
Paas
Paas
Software
服務型態
Compute/
Web and nonweb
Software
Storage
Web
application
管理技術
OS on Xen
hypervisor
Application
container
OS through
Fabric
controller
Map / Reduce
Architecture
使用者介面
EC2
Command-line
tools
Web-based
Administration
console
Windows
Azure portal
Command line
and web
APIs
yes
yes
yes
yes
收費
yes
maybe
yes
no
程式語言
AMI (Amazon
Python
.NET
framework
Java,
Property
Machine Image)
14
Open Source IaaS







the most widely used open source hypervisors in the
recent IaaS providers:
(a) Xen
(b) KVM
three open source state-of-the-art VM-based cloud
management platforms :
(a) Eucalyptus
(b) Open Nebula
(c) Nimbus
15
Eucalyptus

The less level of customization that makes it appropriate
for a private company, where one needs a cloud for own
use and wants to avoid mistakes from the users.

The best feature is compatible with Amazon EC2.
16
Open Nebula

the highest level of customizability that allow users to
switch almost every component from the underlying
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) to the frontend.

Open Nebula is suitable in an experimental environment,
where one wants to explore every component and crack
new results from the computational perspective.
17
Nimbus

Nimbus also provides a high level of customization.

However, the major portion of customization in Nimbus is
available to the administrator.

Nimbus is more suitable for an environment, where one is
less interested in technical details of the systems, but
requires a broad level of customization, such as
cooperative scientific communities.
18
Modeling and Analysis of the
systems

In this study, we made an effort to diminish the level of
abstraction through detailed modeling and formal analysis
of the platforms being discussed.

We have used High Level Petri Nets (HLPN) and Z language
for the modeling and analysis of the systems.
19
High Level Petri Nets (HLPN)

HLPN is used to: (a) simulate the systems and (b) provide
mathematical representation, to analyze the behavior and
structural properties of the system.

The model of the systems will help analyze:

(1) the interconnection of the components and processes .

(2) the fine-grain details of the flow of information
amongst the processes.

(3) how the information is processed.
20
Z3 solver

First, we performed the automated verification of the
models by Checking technique using Satisfiability Modulo
Theories Library (SMTLib) and Z3 solver.

Then, Z3 solver is used to check either the model satisfies
the properties or not.

Second, to verify the feasibility of the models as the
number of VMs scales and verify the correctness.

The results generated reveals that the models are working
correctly.
21
Modeling and Analysis of VM-based
Cloud Management Platforms
22
Eucalyptus Architecture
23
HLPN of Eucalyptus
24
Conclusion for Eucalyptus

Supports corporate enterprise computing setting

The administration space is separated from the user space.

Easy to deploy on top of the existing resource.

Suitable for experimentation because of having modular
design open source in nature.

Users are only allowed to use the system through web
interface
25
Open Nebula Architecture
26
HLPN of Open Nebula
27
Conclusion for Open Nebula

The level of customization available of Open Nebula is
suitable for researchers who wish to combine cloud
system with other technologies.

The centralized nature makes administration easier

Higher level of customization makes it ideal for research

Users need to have some technical expertise

Users can make a mistake while providing config for a VM
28
Nimbus Architecture
29
HLPN of Nimbus
30
Conclusion for Nimbus

Provides different resources leases to different users as a
mean of scheduling

The flexibility and customization available to perform
experiment

Workspace tools can operate with Xen hypervisor and as
well as KVM.
31
Verification of Models Using SMT-Lib
and Z3 Solver
32
Kripke structure and
Computational Tree
33
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35
36
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38
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
39
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
WORK

In future, we will analyze,
model, and verify some other
cloud management platforms,
such as OpenStack, oVirt, and
ECP.

Moreover, we will also
perform a detailed feasibility
analysis of the aforesaid
platforms under different SLA
constraints.
40