Improving Student Health
Behaviors: Engagement in
Physical Activity
Dr. Lisa A Pleban
Department of Physical Education
Castleton College
Presentation Objectives
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Describe the key physical
activity guidelines for children
and adolescents
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Describe the role of schools, in
partnership with families and
communities, in promoting
physical activity among
children and adolescents
through use of the CSPAP
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Identify at least one action step
to take to apply the CSPAP
development process in your
locality
Comprehensive School
Physical Activity Program
(CSPAP)
Why?
Students who are physically active…
Benefit physically, mentally, and emotionally.
Can do better in school.
Schools are a great vehicle to deliver wellness
information!
OMG Assault of the Acronyms!
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NPAP= National Physical Activity Plan
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LMAS=Let’s Move, Active Schools
PYFP =Presidential Youth Fitness Program
CSPAP = Comprehensive School Physical
Activity Program
PAL= Physical Activity Leader
SHAPE-A = Society of Health and Physical
Educators - America
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How Much Physical Activity
Do Youth Need?
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Children and adolescents should do 60 minutes (1 hour) or
more of physical activity daily.
 Aerobic Activities: Most of the 60 or more minutes per day
should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic
physical activity. Include vigorous-intensity physical activity
at least 3 days per week.
 Muscle-strengthening Activities: Include musclestrengthening physical activity on at least 3 days of the
week, as part of the 60 or more minutes.
 Bone-strengthening Activities: Include bone-strengthening
physical activity on at least 3 days of the week, as part of
the 60 or more minutes.
Activities should be age-appropriate, enjoyable, and offer
variety.
Types of Moderate- and VigorousIntensity Aerobic Activities
Type of
Physical
Activity
Moderateintensity
aerobic
Age Group
Children
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Active recreation, such as hiking,
skateboarding, rollerblading
Bicycle riding
Brisk walking
Adolescents
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Vigorousintensity
aerobic
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Active games involving running and
chasing, such as tag
Bicycle riding
Jumping rope
Martial arts, such as karate
Running
Sports such as soccer, hockey,
basketball, swimming, tennis
Cross-country skiing
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Active recreation, such as canoeing,
hiking, skateboarding, rollerblading
Brisk walking
Bicycle riding (stationary or road bike)
Housework and yard work, such as
sweeping or pushing a lawn mower
Games that require catching and
throwing, such as baseball and
softball
Active games involving running and
chasing, such as flag football
Bicycle riding
Jumping rope
Martial arts, such as karate
Running
Sports such as soccer, hockey,
basketball, swimming, tennis
Vigorous dancing, cross-country
skiing
What are Muscle-Strengthening
Activities?
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Activities that make muscles do
more work than usual activities
of daily life
Activities that can be part of
unstructured play
 Climbing trees
 Playing tug-of-war
Activities that can be structured
 Push-ups, pull-ups
 Working with resistance
bands
 Lifting weights
Types of Muscle-Strengthening
Activities
Age Group
Children
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Games such as tug-of-war
Modified push-ups (with
knees on the floor)
Resistance exercises
using body weight or
resistance bands
Rope or tree climbing
Sit-ups (curl-ups or
crunches)
Swinging on playground
equipment/bars
Adolescents
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Games such as
tug-of-war
Push-ups and pull-ups
Resistance exercises with
exercise bands, weight
machines, hand-held
weights
Climbing wall
Sit-ups (curl-ups or
crunches)
What Are Bone-Strengthening
Activities?
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Activities that produce a
force on the bones that
promotes bone growth
and strength, such as
jumping
Activities that are
especially important for
young people because
the greatest gain in bone
mass occur during the
years just before and
during puberty
Types of Bone-strengthening Activities
Age Group
Children
Adolescents
• Games such as
• Hopping, skipping,
hopscotch
• Hopping, skipping,
jumping
• Jumping rope
jumping
• Jumping rope
• Running
• Running
• Sports such as
gymnastics, basketball,
volleyball, tennis
• Sports such as
gymnastics, basketball,
volleyball, tennis
“Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical
Activity and Physical Education to School”
Less than ½ of half of youth
meet the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services’
Physical Activity Guidelines
for Americans
recommendation of at least
60 minutes of daily vigorous
to moderate-intensity
physical activity.
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http://iom.edu/reports/2013/Educating-the-Student-Body-Taking-Physical-Activity-and-PhysicalEducation-to-School/video.aspx
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The Reality
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Recommended:
At least 60
minutes every
day
PE class time
might not be
enough
Barriers to Meeting the Guidelines
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Personal
 Attitude
 Belief in ability to be
physically active
Social
 Influence of their peers
 Parental support
Environmental
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Safe locations to be active
Access to equipment
Financial costs of physical
activities
Time
Comprehensive School Physical
Activity Programs
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CDC Guidelines
School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity
Let's Move Active Schools
Physical Education
Physical Activity During School
Physical Activity Before and
After school
Staff Involvement
Family and Community
Engagement
SHAPE-A Let’s Move Active Schools
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Quality physical education
Daily recess period/drop in activities
Activity breaks throughout the day
Intramural sports
Interscholastic sports
Walk- and bike-to-school programs
Staff wellness and involvement
Family and community participation
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Institute of Medicine
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Taking a Whole School Approach
Consider physical activity in all school-related policy
decisions
Designate physical education as a core subject
Monitor physical education and opportunities for
physical activity in school
Provide preservice training and professional
development for teachers
Ensure equity in access to physical activity and
physical education
http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2013/Educatingthe-Student-Body/EducatingTheStudentBody_Insert.pdf
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Physical Education:
The Foundation of CSPAP
Quality physical education provides:
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Opportunity to learn
Meaningful content
Appropriate instruction
Enjoyable experience for all students
Meets the needs and interests of all students
Keeps students active for most of class time
Policy Recommendation: Schools should require daily physical
education for students in kindergarten through grade 121
• Elementary school = 150 minutes per week
• Secondary schools= 225 minutes per week
1. National Association for Sports and Physical Education. Moving into the Future: National Standards for Physical
Education, 2nd ed;2004.
Vermont QES: Physical Education
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Each school shall provide students in grades K-8 with at
least two physical education classes per week. Each
school shall provide students in grades 9-12 with one
and one half years of physical education or the
equivalent thereof.
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Each school shall offer options for students in grades K12 participate in at least 30 minutes of physical activity
within or outside of the school day.
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Physical activity may include recess and movement built
into the curriculum, but does not replace physical
education classes.
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Physical Activity During School
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This includes classroom activity and recess
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Recess
 Minimum 20 minutes per day
Classroom Activity
 Even 5-10 minutes in duration contributes to
cognitive outcomes (Castelli et al. 2007)
 Can be PreK-12
 Activity zones, active supervision, equipment,
multiple approaches
 “Drop-in” physical activity in secondary schools
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Recess
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Opportunity to participate in free-time
physical activity and practice skills
learned in physical education classes
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Research shows enhanced
cooperation and negotiation skills
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Improves attentiveness,
concentration, and time-on-task in
the classroom
Policy Recommendation: Schools should provide at least 20
minutes of recess per day, in addition to physical education classes
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National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Recess in Elementary Schools; 2006.
We have to inform other teachers, students, parents and administrators
about the benefits of recess!
Please Share!
• How is your school promoting
active recess or physical
activity “drop-in” time during
the school day?
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Physical Activity Before
and After School
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School or community sponsored activities,
clubs, and programs
Active commuting to school
Physical activity clubs
Intramurals (voluntary, student-centered, and
open to all students)
Joint use agreements with community centers
& buildings
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Intramural Sports
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Can be offered before, during,
and after school
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Provide students with a choice
in activities
Offer every student an equal
opportunity to participate
regardless of ability level
Incorporate lifetime physical
activities like walking, running,
hiking, snowshoeing, tennis,
dancing, and bicycling
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Interscholastic Sports
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Help establish cooperative and
competitive skills1
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Help students learn sport-specific
and performance-based skills
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May be related to higher levels of
overall physical activity2
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Associated with improved mental
health and reduction in some risky
health behaviors3-4
1. National Association for Sports and Physical Education. Eight Domains of Coaching Competencies;2006.
2. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1998;10:378–86.
3. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:904–11.
4. The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Research Digest 1997;2:1–12.
Walk- and Bicycle-to-School Programs
Activity Recommendation:
Schools should participate in and
support ongoing walk and bike to
school programs.
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Resources:
 VT Safe Routes to Schools
 Vermont Walk and Roll to
School Days
 Vermont Winter Walk Day
2015 Vermont School Events
May 6, 2015: Vermont Walk and Roll To School Day and Intergenerational Walk
Mark your calendars for Vermont's third annual Walk and Roll to School Day!! VT SRTS, VTAHPERD and AARP strive to
include walkers of all ages! Please help us keep up with all of the exciting activities across the state and gain access to
incentive items by registering your school's event in the spring. To view a list of Senior Centers in your area click here.
May 2015: National Bike School Day
The event builds on the popularity of Walk to School Day, which is celebrated across the country – and the world – each
October. Many communities and schools have been holding spring walk and bicycle to school events for years. National
Bike to School Day provides an opportunity for schools across the country to join together to celebrate and to build off of the
energy of National Bike Month.
May 2015: Way to Go! Week
The Vermont Safe Routes to School Resource Center partnered with Way to Go! Vermont to encourage more schools than
ever to participate in the spring Way to Go! Commuter Challenge. Get your clean commute on by encouraging your school
staff and students to walk, bike, bus or carpool to school. To view the 2014 results click here.
October 2015: International Walk to School Day
International Walk to School Day is a global event where communities from over 40 countries walk and bike to school on a
single day. Join families, schools and communities around the globe as they walk and bicycle to school in celebration of
Walk to School Day every October. Learn more about the day, who is participating in your area, and register for this year's
event at www.walkbiketoschool.org.
Vermont is 2nd in the country for participation in this event! Sixty-four schools across Vermont participated in
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International Walk to School Day in 2014!!
Staff Involvement
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Incorporate staff into PA programs
Tailor programming to met staff requests
Showcase possible activities during staff
meetings / PA breaks during staff meetings
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Please Share!
What before and after school
activities has your school promoted
successfully?
How have you gotten other staff
members to support these programs?
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Family and Community
Engagement
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Social support is critical in
youth physical activity choices
Parent/guardian-led events
Family events
Youth sports
Volunteers (retirees, older
students / service learning)
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Family Engagement
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Can your school promote the following ideas?
Make family time an opportunity for
physical activity
 Walking together after dinner
 Doing housework or yard work together
 Walking the dog together
 Make use of low- or no-cost resources
 Public parks
 Community fields and courts
 Recreation areas
Replace inactivity with activity whenever possible
 Example: walk or bike to school instead of riding in a car
Limit “Screen Time”
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The American Academy of
Pediatrics recommends
less than 2 hours of
media time per day.
 Television
 Computer
 Movies/DVDs
 Video games
Turn commercial breaks into
activity breaks
Turn off the television during mealtimes
Do not use screen time as a reward or punishment
Encourage Physical Activity at Home
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Encourage children to talk about their
experience with physical activity
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Assist parents in getting their child to and
from practices and events
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Host a town-wide “toy swap” with items
that promote physical activity
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Teach children to try a new physical
activity with a friend or family member.
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Assign homework where the child has to
teach a family member a new game
Please Share with Others
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Successful ideas for
overcoming physical
activity barriers
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Successful ideas for
encouraging “familywide” physical
activity in your
community
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Coordination is the Key
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CSPAP is a holistic approach to school
physical activity
Determine how each component complements
the others
Communicate!!!
Determine and engage your key stakeholders
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Activity: Visit the Posters
Can you identify three ideas that you can
incorporate into your work?
Did you see three ideas you never thought
of?
that
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CSPAP Guide
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Purpose: to enable
physical educators and
other wellness leaders to
develop, implement, and
evaluate a CSPAP
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Components
 Brief introduction
Notes and links are online at
http://www.vtahperd.org/conference_n
otes.php
 Step-by-step process
 Tools and templates

http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/physical
activity/cspap.htm
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Steps to develop, implement, and
evaluate a CSPAP
Step One: Establish a team or committee and designate a Physical
Activity Leader.
Step Two: Conduct an assessment of existing physical activity
opportunities.
Step Three: Create a vision statement, goals, and objectives for your
CSPAP.
Step Four: Identify the outcomes or specific changes that will be direct
results of program implementation.
Step Five: Identify and plan the activities for your CSPAP.
Step Six: Implement your CSPAP.
Step Seven: Evaluate your CSPAP
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Activity: Identify Stakeholders
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Who in your school community might want to
participate on a PA committee?
 PTA, interested community residents, teachers,
alumni
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Who are the stakeholders?
 Superintendent’s office (professional
development, allocate resources), healthcare
providers, local businesses, colleges, local
media
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Conduct an assessment of existing
physical activity opportunities
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The School Health Index (SHI): Self-Assessment
& Planning Guide
(www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/shi/index.htm) is an
assessment and planning tool that can be used to
examine current physical activity opportunities and
the environmental supports for activity in your
school.
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The SHI will enable the CSPAP committee to
establish a baseline and plan for incremental
improvements over time.
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Developing Goals and Objectives
of the CSPAP
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A goal is a broad statement of purpose that describes the long-term
(e.g., 3 or more years) result or impact of your CSPAP.
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Discussing Implementation
• What types of activities can be
implemented to meet the goal and
objectives set for YOUR SCHOOL ?
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Activity: Develop Your
“Stairwell” Speech
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Who do you want to target?
Does your message “hit the target?”
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Identify Outcomes
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In closing…
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There is no one stop shop fix for physical
activity in schools.
Physical activity programs rely on teacher
collaboration
Administrative support, Employee wellness
programs
3rd party support- Youth sports, before and
after school programs, grants
Parental involvement
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Thank you!
Notes and links are online at
http://www.vtahperd.org/conference_notes.php
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