Transport Socialisation and Education
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Overview
(Self) Introduction to socialsiation
Facts and Figures to Childrens Behaviour and Abilities
Role Play
Exercises and Presentations / Discussions
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Socialisation
The term socialization is used to refer to the process of
learning one’s culture and how to live within it. For the
individual it provides the skills and habits necessary for
acting and participating within their society. For the
society, inducting all individual members into its moral
norms, attitudes, values, motives, social roles, language
and symbols is the ‘means by which social and cultural
continuity are attained’ (Clausen 1968).
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
• Children are very mobile (4- 8 trips a day)
• Children use mainly sustainable modes
• Children travel short distances
kilometer per workday per person
On average a child covers a distance of
approximately 16 km
50
40
42
44
40
Austrian
average:32
39
30
26
20
16
13
10
0
6-15
years
16-25
years
26-35
years
36-45
years
46-55
years
56-65
years
66 years
and older
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Biggest fears of parents
55
traffic accidents
40
crime
26
drugs
8
illness
other accidents
6
ecological damage
6
world-wide situation
3
Aids
3
poor future
3
bad company
3
no fear
6
Source: VCÖ (Traffic Club Austra)
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
percentage of means of transport used by
children for their various trips
More and more children are car passengers
45
40
35
40,8
36,2
32,7 31,9
30
25
26,6
20
19,3
15
1995
2003
10
7,2
5
5,3
0
walking
cycling
car
passenger
public
transport
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
12
12
10
8
Source: Funk/Fassmann 2002 90,123
School trips by car of all 5- to 12 year olds in %*
Trips to school by car are increasing
6
6,5
4
4,9
2
0
1978
1985
2000
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
ESTABLISH AWARENESS...
Who is to blame?
5‘ before school starts...
... and 5‘ after
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
19
17
indicated in percent
40
2
10
Walking
37
Bicycle
61
34
22
21
3
Modal Split
of primary school
children in Graz
Car Passenger
Car driver
Public Transport
11
11
12
Desired
Modal Split
of children
Teachers
mostly use
the car
Other
Source: FGM
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
19
17
indicated in percent
40
2
10
Walking
37
Bicycle
61
34
22
21
3
Modal Split
of primary school
children in Graz
Car Passenger
Car driver
Public Transport
11
11
12
Desired
Modal Split
of children
Teachers
mostly use
the car
Other
Source: FGM
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
19
17
indicated in percent
40
2
10
Walking
37
Bicycle
61
34
22
21
3
Modal Split
of primary school
children in Graz
Car Passenger
Car driver
Public Transport
11
11
12
Desired
Modal Split
of children
Teachers
mostly use
the car
Other
Source: FGM
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Concerns of parents
regarding the dangers of
traffic decrease further
More and more
children walk or
cycle to school
Reducing danger leads
to more quality of life
Children get to school
without being dropped
off by car
Motorized individual
traffic decreases
Fewer accidents
due to safer roads
Source: The PEP contribution 2004109
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
35
10
35
30
30
20
18 18 18
15
13
14
15
18
18
19
20
21
22 22
16 16 16
10
5
0
Source: Int.obeseness- Task Force 2002 125
19
95
-1
99
9
FI
-1
99
9
N
L
19
97
D
E
19
95
C
Z
20
00
C
H
19
9
YU 9
19
98
FR
20
00
SE
H
20
U
01
19
93
-1
99
4
D
K
19
98
B
E
PL
19
19
92
96
-1
99
9
B
G
20
00
N
O
19
96
A
T
20
03
U
K
19
98
H
R
ES
19
98
19
98
-2
00
0
EL
20
00
M
T
19
92
IT
20
01
SK
Distribution of overweight in children, aged 10, in percent
Transport Socialisation and Education
Overweight children are an increasing problem
40
36
31
28
25
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Children’s abilities according to levels of
development – auditory and visual 1/2
• 3-4 year olds cannot distinguish between
stationary and moving vehicles
• Small children cannot associate a
definite noise with a specific cause
• Differences between left and right can
only be distinguished from 8 years on
• From 8 years onwards children use
their sense of hearing also for road traffic
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Children’s abilities according to levels of
development – auditory and visual 2/2
• Children can see things through
the perspective of others from 9 on
• Judging of distances also
works from 9 years onwards
• Children can judge speed relatively
late (after 10 years)
• Only with 12 years the field of vision of
children is fully developed (also the sides
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Development of children and mobility,
respectively (ideal scenarios) 1/2
Source: VCÖ
Age
Infant
0
Crawling
1
Toddler
2
Walking
Exploring of the immediate home
Acceptance into groups of older children
3
Exploration of one’s own road
(self-initiated) friendships in the neighbourhood
4
First tries on the child bike
Exploration of neighbouring streets
groups of children of the same age
Independent contacts with the world of grown ups
(shopping)
5
Trip to the kindergarten (up to approx. 1 km)
Kindergarten- / school acquaintances
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Development of children and mobility,
respectively (ideal scenarios) 2/2
School
child
Source: VCÖ
6
 Trip to school
 Schoolbus, urban bus to school
 Radius of action to near destinations (playground,
swimming pool etc.)
7
 Extended Radius of Action
 First (forbidden) expeditions (also by bike)
 Bus in urban area
10
 Neighbouring town is included in the action radius
 Cycling in local area
 Totally independent use of bus and trams within the
municipal area
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Children development in
good living environment
good living environment (slow & little traffic)
and bad environment (fast & much traffic)
bad environment
Duration of play
without supervision
accompanied by adults
demand for daycarer
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
5 year old children and their parents
good living environment
bad living environment
Number of friends in
average
Share of trips to visit
friends done without
supervision of adults
Social contacts of
the parents in
average
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Comparison of games played in living
surroundings and on public playgrounds
Living surroundings
Playground
Running around
Being noisy
Roller skates
Water
Bring toys from
home
Swing & slide
Climbing
Picking Flowers
Playing ball
Selfinvented games
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Interviewed children in percent
6 to 14 year olds prefer to be in public places
35
30
25
30,1
29,1
20
15
16,5
10
3,1
5
oo
d
t
ou
4,6
4,6
0
l
oo
p
r
bli
u
p
as
e
r
ca
e rs
h
t
o
er
h
t
o
ort
p
s
fa
iti
cil
e
oth
es
ure
s
i
r le
i
ilit
c
fa
es
nd
u
o
r
yg
a
l
p
1,2
bs
u
l
c
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
MODAL SPLIT
WERBE SPLIT
MODAL SPLIT
im Kinderzimmer
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
MODAL SPLIT
WERBE SPLIT
MODAL SPLIT
im Kinderzimmer
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
MODAL SPLIT
WERBE SPLIT
MODAL SPLIT
im Kinderzimmer
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
How is cycling usually conveyed
pedagogically to children?
• We encourage children to learn rules
• We tell children about all the things they are not allowed to do
• We show them the red card when their bike is not roadworthy
• We point out the routes they are not allowed to take
• We prevent them from cycling, because it’s too dangerous
• We make it clear that they have to protect themselves well
(helmet, fluorescent vest etc.)
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Cycling does not only stand for safety
• Cycling is an experience for all senses
• While cycling children can feel velocity,
cool wind blowing or headwind
• Using a scooter or a run bike children
can train balance
• While cycling children are able to discover their
surroundings and experience independence
• Cycling counteracts a lack of activity
• With the bike children can test their limits
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Strategy
Direct the vision on the potentials: what positive things
can children experience while cycling or walking?
Present successful mobility projects for children offering
helpful suggestions for the one’s own implementation
Invite charismatic experts to encourage and reassure
you to become active
Arrange Study Visits to locations where successful
projects have already been implemented and meet
implementers and politicians alike
Design structures and framework conditions in a way to
make walking and cycling possible
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Kindergarten and Mobility
There is nothing like starting young
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Positive emotions
for cycling
- Learning how to bike
- Certificate „I can bike“
- Picture stories concerning
cycling
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Cycling to the kindergarten
- Bicycle lottery
- Kids trailer rental
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Evaluation
Which elements of the kindergarten program did you like?
(multiple answers are possible)
100%
Cycling training
97%
Cycling test
76%
Certificat "I can bike"
70%
Picture book
Other
18%
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
For a school, educational campaigns can:
reduce problems caused by traffic
congestion on and around the site
raise the image of schools that carry
out educational traffic campaigns
help provide less stressful options
for travel to school
give opportunities to build healthy
exercise into daily life
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
The Traffic Snake Game
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
The Traffic Snake Game
1 week
•
Children and parents walk, cycle, take public transport or use
the carpool
•
Save points together
Advantages
•
Playful and structured action, easy to organise
•
Awareness raising on safe and sustainable home-school
traffic
•
Children become visible and able-bodied in traffic
•
Less car traffic, meaning less traffic chaos and less parking
pressure at the school gates
•
Big success and great effects due to involvement of the
complete schools
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
In Belgium:
Schoolyear 2006-2007:
500 schools
76.927 pupils / 5.763 teachers /
51.664 families
The Traffic Snake Game is now also
played in NL, AT, RO, BU, HU, IT, SI, GR.
Supported by STEER.
www.schoolway.net
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Mobility management
for schools
School environment that invites
to walk and cycle
Walking routes / Cycling routes
Guided walking and/or cycling
Parents stops to keep cars
away
Transport education (materials
for teachers)
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
BICYCLE TRAINING FOR PUPILS IN REAL TRAFFIC
ENVIRONMENT
Radfahrtraining an Grazer Schulen
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
New pedagogical approach
training in real environment (on the road!) to
widen the issue of environmental friendly
behaviour: walking and cycling as a new
topic
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Background: Bicycle education in protected areas
isn‘t an adequate training area
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Training day: Start with psychomotor abilities & skills
Exercises on coordination and concentration
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Cycling together in real traffic
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Main part of the training:
Individual exercises & special support by the trainer
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Multiple Tasks in complex (riding & stopping, looking, listening,
assessing the distance, handling, starting…)
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
How do you assess the bicycle training?
Very good
good
Survey with 663 parents in 2005
satisfaying
sufficient
not good
no comment
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Conclusion
Teachers and parents recommend the bicycle
training
Over 15.000 children trained over the last 12 years
Accident-free training since 1995
School surroundings‘ analysis in cooperation with
the city of Graz
Investigation of pupil‘s mobility behaviour and what
they like when cycling
Winner of the Shimano Cycling Concept Award 2004
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
WALKING BUSSES
Not even crutches
can keep me
at home!
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Definition
The Walking Bus is a group of primary school children who walk to
and from school. The groups are supervised by adults.
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Each circuit under 1 km
Each stop more then 150 m
Timetable agreed with parents
1 accompanying person
for 8 children
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
www.eltis.org
Transport Socialisation and Education
Co-ordinator
Austrian Mobility Research FGM-AMOR
Robert Pressl / Karl Reiter
Tel: +43 316 81 04 51 13 /
+43 316 81 04 51 23
e-mail: pressl@fgm.at / reiter@fgm.at
www.eltis.org