The Educational system in Romania
• The Romanian educational system is based on a
tuition-free system.
• Access to free education till 18 years old is
guaranteed by Article 32 in the Constitution of
Romania.
• Compulsory education includes 11 grades.
Theoretically, children become pupils at the age
of 6 and finish compulsory school at the age of
17.
The structure of the pre-university education is
the result of the reform process started in the
early 90’s and assisted by the EU through
pre-integration programmes.
Romanian educational system includes
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Pre-school Education
Primary Education
Lower Secondary Education - gymnazium
Higher Secondary Education
Post-high school Education
Higher Education
VET in Romania
VET is including:
 Initial VET named TVET
 Continuing VET named CVT
TVET is delivred through the formal system and, in the near
future, also through apprenticeship schemes by enterprises in
cooperation with education and training providers
The structure of TVET system
TVET is developed in the new law at secondary education level
containing two alternatives, as follows:
The technological high-school, includes:
– the lower cycle, namely grades X-XI, that are leading to acquiring
general (non-certificated) competences in a number of domains,
part of three profiles: resources, techniques, and services; at the
end of the 11th grade , after a practical training stage the
students can acquire a professional qualification of level 2 (level 3
EQF)
– the upper cycle, grades XI – XII, that are leading to level ISCED 3
and professional qualification level 3 level 4 EQF
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• The vocational school, includes:
– training programmes ( with a duration of 6months-2
years) based on occupational standards conducting
to a professional qualification of lower level
The TVET system also includes:
• The Post-high schools that represent a specialised TVET route
of 1-3 years leading to acquiring certificated competences for
vocational qualifications level 3 advanced (level 5 EQF).
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TVET profiles
Three major profiles relate to the envisaged trades and
specialisations, as follows:
– Techniques, comprising the fields of mechanics,
electromechanical and electrical, electronics and, automation,
constructions and civil works, telecommunications, light industry,
transports, industrial chemistry, wood processing
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– Services, comprising the fields of tourism and
catering, food & beverage, commerce and related
services, post, economics and public
administration, health and social assistance, as
well as other services deserving industry and
population
– Resources, comprising the fields of food industry,
forestry, agriculture, agro-tourism, animal
breeding and veterinary, environment protection
TVET providers
• Public vocational and technical education (part of the secondary
education) is financed mainly from the public budget.
• The system includes also private units of all types of schools.
• Public and private schools are subject to accreditation of programmes,
and a quality assurance methodology, which enables TVET schools to
produce annual self-assessment reports and improvement plans subject to external audits.
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Institutions having roles in TVET
• Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport
for TVET delivred through education system
• Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection
for VET delivred through apprenticeship system
and for CVT
 National Authority for Qualifications, supported by
Sectoral Committees, reorganised by unifying National
Adult Training Board and National Agency for
Qualifications in Higher Education
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MoERYS- institutional structures involved in
TVET
• National Centre for Evaluation in Pre-university Education
• National Centre for TVET Development
• National Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-university
Education- ARACIP
• Institute of Educational Sciences
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Regional intervention is made predominately by
the County School Inspectorates.
National TVET schools network
National TVET schools network
1600
1495
1474
1367
1400
1316
1266
1266
1200
1000
844
800
692
713
611
600
518
558
516
516
400
200
0
2003 - 2004
2004 - 2005
2005 - 2006
schools units
2006 - 2007
2007 - 2008
2008 - 2009
2009 - 2010
schools units in rural area
17
TVET students enrollment within secondary
education
TVET students enrolment within secondary education
65.00%
60.00%
59.57%
59.98%
59.76%
59.94%
60.13%
2003 -2004
2004 - 2005
2005 - 2006
2006 - 2007
2007 - 2008
59.14%
59.17%
55.00%
50.00%
45.00%
40.00%
2008 - 2009
2009 - 2010 18
Students enrollment in TVET
Students enrolment in TVET
700000
637803
618951
628554
618116
608327
575757
600000
563961
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
74824
84427
79113
70834
65598
63588
59139
0
2003 -2004
2004 - 2005
2005 - 2006
no. of students
2006 - 2007
2007 - 2008
2008 - 2009
2009 - 2010
no. of students in rural area
19
Students enrollment in TVET in rural areas
Students enrolment in TVET in rural area
14.00%
13.24%
12.59%
12.09%
12.00%
11.46%
10.78%
11.04%
2007 - 2008
2008 - 2009
10.49%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
2003 - 2004
2004 - 2005
2005 - 2006
2006 - 2007
20
2009 - 2010
Thank you for your attention!