Safety for Frontline
Supervisors
August 9, 2011
Table of Contents
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OSHA
Required Written and Training Programs
Personal Protective Equipment
Walking/Working Surfaces
Machine Guarding
Lockout/Tagout
Electrical
Hazard Communication
Emergency Egress
Powered Industrial Trucks
Industrial Hygiene
Ergonomics
OSHA
● Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
● “To assure so far as possible every working man
and woman in the nation safe and healthful working
conditions…”
● Everyone must comply with OSHA Standards.
● OSHA can be enforced by either the Federal or
State Government depending on the state –
Arkansas is a Federal State for OSHA.
● The Federal OSHA website is www.osha.gov.
● OSHA Inspection Priorities are as follows:
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Imminent danger
Catastrophes and fatal accidents
Employee complaints
High hazard industries
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Reason for OSHA
● Annual Statistics:
o About 6,000 deaths from workplace injuries
o An estimated 50,000 deaths from illnesses cause by workplace
exposures
o 6 million non-fatal workplace injuries
o Injuries alone cost U.S. businesses more than $125 billion
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Impact of OSHA Since 1970
● Cut the work-related fatality rate in half
● Reduced overall injury and illness rates in industries where
OSHA concentrated its attention
● Virtually eliminated brown lung disease in the textile industry,
and
● Reduced trenching and excavation fatalities by 35 percent
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Functions of OSHA
● Encourages employers and employees to reduce workplace
hazards and implement new or improve existing safety and
health programs
● Develops and enforces mandatory job safety and health
standards
● Maintains a reporting and recordkeeping system to monitor jobrelated injuries and illnesses
● Provides assistance, training and other support programs to help
employers and workers
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OSHA Standards
● OSHA is responsible for writing and enforcing standards that
employers must follow
● Where OSHA has not issued specific standards, employers are
responsible for following the OSH Act's “General Duty Clause”
● States with OSHA-approved programs must set standards at
least as effective as federal standards
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OSHA Workers’ Page
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OSHA Inspection Process
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CSHO displays official credentials
Opening conference
Walk around inspection
Closing conference
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OSHA Emergency Hot-Line
1-800-321-OSHA
● Hot-line for reporting workplace safety or health emergencies
● Provides a 24-hour point of contact to report imminent dangers
on the job
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Sources of Assistance for Small Businesses
● OSHA Office of Small Business Assistance
o http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/osba/index.html
● OSHA Compliance Assistance Quick Start
o http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/compliance_assistance/quickstarts/gener
al_industry/index_gi.html
● OSHA Small Business Handbook
o http://www.osha.gov/Publications/smallbusiness/small-business.html
● Safety & Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP)
o Arkansas Department of Labor OSHA Consultation Division
• http://www.arkansas.gov/labor/divisions/osha_p1.html
● Workers’ Compensation Carrier
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Required Written and Training Programs
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All Workplaces
General Safety
Hazard Abatement
Hazard Communication
Emergency Action Plans
Fire Protection
Recordkeeping
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Hospital/Clinical
Bloodborne Pathogens
Industrial Environments
Powered Industrial Trucks
Cranes
Hot Works
Lockout/Tagout
Electrical
Confined Space
Bloodborne Pathogens
Personal Protective Equipment
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
● PPE is the last line of defense
● Engineering controls are preferable:
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Initial design specifications
Substitute less harmful material
Change process
Enclose process
Isolate process
Ventilation
● Work practice controls are also preferable:
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Use of wet methods to suppress dust
Personal hygiene
Housekeeping and maintenance
Job rotation of workers
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
● Establish a PPE Program by:
o Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part
of an employer’s routine operation
o Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present
o Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide
training
● Training must include:
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When PPE is necessary
What type of PPE is necessary
How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear
Limitations of the PPE
Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal
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Walking/Working Surfaces
● Housekeeping
o Workroom floors must be maintained as clean and dry as
possible
o Workplaces must be kept clean, orderly, and sanitary
● Aisles
o Keep clear and move obstructions that could create a hazard
o Mark permanent aisles and passageways
o Aisles must be sufficiently wide where mechanical handling
equipment is used
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Walking/Working Surfaces
● Open-sided floors or platforms 4 feet or more above adjacent
floor or ground level must be guarded by a standard railing on all
open sides
● A toeboard is required when, beneath the open sides:
o persons can pass,
o there is moving machinery, or
o there is equipment with which falling materials
could create a hazard
● Standard railing. Consists of top rail,
mid rail, and posts. Height from the upper
surface of top rail to floor level is 42 inches.
Mid rail height is 21 inches.
● Standard toeboard. 4 inches high, with not
more than ¼-inch clearance above the floor.
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Machine Guarding
● Any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury
must be safeguarded
● Point of operation
● All parts of the machine which move, such as:
o flywheels, pulleys, belts, couplings, chains, cranks, gears, etc.
o feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine
● In-running nip points
● Point-of-Operation is defined as where the work is performed on
the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of stock
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Machine Guarding
● Requirements for Machine Guards:
o Prevent contact - prevent worker’s body or
clothing from contacting hazardous moving parts
o Secure - firmly secured to machine and not easily
removed
o Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects can fall
into moving parts
o Create no new hazards - must not have shear points,
jagged edges or unfinished surfaces
o Create no interference - must not prevent worker from
performing the job quickly and comfortably
o Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricate the
machine without removing the safeguards
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Types of Machine Guards
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Guards
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fixed
interlocked
adjustable
self-adjusting
Devices
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presence sensing
pullback
restraint
safety controls (tripwire cable,
two-hand control, etc.)
gates
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Location/distance
Feeding and ejection methods
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Miscellaneous aids
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automatic and/or semiautomatic feed and ejection
robots
awareness barriers
protective shields
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hand-feeding tools
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Machine Guarding
● Holding Tools
● Used to place and remove stock in the danger area
● Not to be used instead of other machine safeguards, but as a
supplement
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Lockout/Tagout
● Lockout/Tagout is a technique used to prevent the release of
hazardous energy, or to prevent the hazardous energy from
escaping while machinery or equipment is being maintained
● Five main causes of injuries with Lockout/Tagout
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Failure to stop equipment
Failure to disconnect from power source
Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual energy
Accidental restarting of equipment
Failure to clear work areas before restarting
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Lockout/Tagout
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Sources of Energy to Control
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Electrical
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Mechanical
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Transitional
Rotational
Thermal
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Generated
Static
Machines or Equipment
Chemical Reactions
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Energy Control Devices
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Plug Locks
Ball Valve Lockout
Gate Valve Lockout
Group Lockout Hasp
Electrical
Hydraulic, pneumatic, and other
pressurized systems
Potential
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Pressure
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Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Vacuum
Springs
Gravity
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Electrical
● There are four main types of electrical injuries:
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Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
Electrical shock
Burns
Falls
● Severity of the shock depends on:
o Path of current through the body
o Amount of current flowing through the body
o Length of time the body is in the circuit
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Electrical Hazards
● Hazards
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Inadequate wiring
Exposed electrical parts
Wires with bad insulation
Ungrounded electrical systems and tools
Overloaded circuits
Damaged power tools and equipment
Using the wrong PPE and tools
Overhead powerlines
● All hazards are made worse in wet conditions
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Countermeasures to Electrical Hazards
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Proper grounding
Using GFCIs
Using fuses and circuit breakers
Guarding live parts
Proper use of flexible cords
Training
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Hazard Communication
● Written Program Requirements
o Describes container labeling, MSDSs, and employee training for
each workplace
o List of the hazardous chemicals
o Make information regarding hazards and protective measures
available to other employers onsite
● Chemical Labels Must Include
o Identity of the chemical
o Appropriate hazard warnings
o Name and address of the responsible party
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Emergency Egress
● A continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point
in a building or structure to a public way (a street, yard, court or
other open space leading to the street)
● Three parts to an escape route:
o the way of exit access;
o the exit; and
o the way of exit discharge.
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Powered Industrial Trucks
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Written certification program
Classroom training
Hands-on training
Written evaluation
Operations evaluation
Inspection of equipment
Refueling/recharging
Proper storage
Ventilation
PPE
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Industrial Hygiene
● Ventilation
o Direct
o General
● Air sampling
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Dusts
Fumes
Vapors
Gases
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Ergonomics
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Workstation Design
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Neutral position
Lighting
Adjustable heights
Seats versus standing
Anti-fatigue mats
Tools/Equipment
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In-line tools
Padding
Pallet lift tables
Job rotation
Stretching exercises
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Questions
The information contained herein is confidential information to and is the exclusive property of
Staffmark, its parent company, CBS Personnel Holdings, Inc., (and its subsidiaries: Staffmark
Investment LLC, CBS Personnel Services, LLC, CBS Personnel Services, LLC dba “Venturi
Staffing,” and Kilgore Group, Inc.) and is only to be used by Recipient in evaluating the services of
such entities. Neither the documents nor the contents of the documents are to be used,
reproduced or disclosed, in whole or in part, by Recipient without the expressed written permission
of Staffmark or CBS Personnel Holdings, Inc. The information should be destroyed or returned to
Discloser when no longer needed.