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Green Technology
Presented by
SCHOOL OF
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY
Naresuan University
Dr. Anan Pongtornkulpanich
Head of Solar Thermal Research Unit
School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)
Naresuan University
The 7th CRISU-CUPT Conference “Challenges of ASEAN Higher Education in Globalized World”
http://www.sert.nu.ac.th
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Outline
Defining Green Technology
Major Types of Green Technology
Green Industry
Green Building
Green IT
Green Energy
Some Case Studies of Green Technologies
Green Industry
Green Building
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Defining Green Technology
Evolution, methods and materials used to amend
and configure equipment to get better function or
cleanness without problem
Target of development leads to the following benefits
Encouragement: meeting to create future society without
damage and natural destruction
Design: source to source, use of matters appeared to be
“Cycle of product” which can be also recycled
Data Reduction: reduce discarding and pollution with being
recreated to be new product and consumption
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Defining Green Technology (Cont’d)
Innovation: development for technology
Capacity in living: creating an economic center to suit
with technology and product to be proper with environment
Energy: recognizing information about green technology
including the fuel development, meaning of generating energy
and effect of energy usage
Environment: leading to search new product to reduce impact
on environment
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Major types of Green Technology
Green Industry
Global Change  Climate change
Resource Depletion  increasingly viable
technological for Renewable resources
Food Supply  Agricultural methods & wastes
Toxic in the Environment  design for reduced
hazards
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Green Industry is about reducing
Waste
Materials
Hazard
Risk
Energy
Cost
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Green Building
To reduce impact of building to environment and
human health which green building yields friendly
environment by
1. Increasing energy and other resources
efficiencies
2. Improving working environment to support
performance both indoor and outdoor
3. Reducing wastes and pollution which are
released to environment
4. Use of electrical appliances for energy
conservation
5. Selecting construction material with friendly
environment
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School of Renewable Energy Technology, Naresuan University
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Design of Green and Sustainable Building
-Followed as USA’s standard of “LEED” or Leadership
in Energy and Environment design which was
developed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC
Committee)
- The following project checklists had to be examined:
- Sustainable Sites (SS)
- Water Efficiency (WE)
- Energy & Atmosphere (EA)
- Materials & Resources (MR)
- Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
- Innovation & Design Process (ID)
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Project Checklists
Indoor Environmental Quality
(EQ)
17 items
Innovation & Design Process
(ID)
2 items
Material & Resources
(MR)
14 items
LEED
Sustainable Sites
(SS)
15 items
Water Efficiency
(WE)
5 items
Energy & Atmosphere
(EA)
9 items
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand
- consisting of 6 main points as follows:
1. Construction site: no impact on ecosystem and
encouragement for use of mass transportation
2. Energy Efficiency: concerning use of highly
efficient energy and considering utilization of
renewable energy, configuring engineering system
and non-CFC refrigerant usage
3. Water Efficiency: considering use of water quantity
which is lower than standard usage
4. Construction material: selecting material which is
friendly environment, use of recycled and locally
available material to reduce fuel consumption for
transportation
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand
(Cont’d)
5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air
quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting
decorated/furnished material without releasing
volatile matter and having properly indoor
temperature, humidity, clearness
6. Innovation: applying innovative construction
product or modern construction engineering system
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand
(Cont’d)
5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air
quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting
decorated/furnished material without releasing
volatile matter and having properly indoor
temperature, humidity, clearness
6. Innovation: applying innovative construction
product or modern construction engineering system
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Green IT
Reasons for the Need of Green IT are
• Increasing Energy Efficiencies to reduce operational
costs
• Compliance with the regulatory bodies and reducing
the carbon footprints
• Increasing the efficiency of computing resources so
as to reduce the environmental impact of IT
utilization
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Green IT
Ways to Implement
•
•
•
•
Unutilized and underutilized resources to be
decommissioned
If possible using a single power efficient server
Power management: Automation of shutdown and
power on processes
Upgradation to power efficient hardware
Advantages
• Reduces greatly the operational costs
• Put forward a noble image in front of client and
other stakeholders
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Green Energy
Reasons for the Need of Green Energy are
• Natural Resources used in energy generation
process
• Increasing pollution caused by the non renewable
sources
Ways to implement
• Setting up power plants using renewable energy
sources: Solar Thermal/PV/Biomass
• Increased government spending on sustainable
sources of energy
• Infrastructure and manpower development
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Green Energy
Advantages
• Cleaner and healthier environment
• Unlimited resources and potential to be utilized
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Green Energy
In Thailand, 5 Energy Policies were provided by
Thai Government as follows:
• Enhancing energy-related industries & business to be
next generation value-creator
• Securing country’s energy supply
• Pricing energy right
• Up-scaling Renewable Energy mix to 25% in 10 years
• Target Energy Intensity Reduction by 25% (based on
2010 level) within 20 years
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Green Energy
From National Policy of Renewable Energy, latest version
of Thailand’s master plan on renewable energy (Alternative
Energy Development Plan, AEDP 25% within 10 years)
was developed by Department of Alternative Energy
Development and Efficiency, DEDE, Ministry of Energy as
shown in the next slide
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Green Energy
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Some Case Studies of Green Technologies
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Many human activities cause to generate the increase of
CO2 in the world carbon cycle
Forest is the source to
absorb and release
CO2
Deforestation and
burning forest cause
to release CO2
- Economy development
- Production
- Industrial process
- Transportation
are reasons to generate
CO2
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Process in Industry
odor
Exhaust
gas
Water
Energy
Sound
(Electricity, oil)
Raw material
Production process
Product
Waste water Solid waste Danger/
Risk
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Current Problem of Energy System
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Human utilizes energy which leads to problem of global warming
How do we reduce CO2 emission to atmosphere?
Reduce or ignore the use of fuel oil having composition of
Carbon (Oil, Coal and Natural gas)
Reduce energy usage and increase energy efficiency
Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to
atmosphere such as
Renewable energy (Solar, hydro, biomass, wind etc.)
Increasing energy efficiency (EE)
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Resemblance of Green Technology (Industry)
and Clean Technology
That is :
 Cleaner Production
 Pollution Prevention
 Waste Minimization
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Benefits obtained from using concept of Green
Industry to manage for various industries
 Economic Benefit
 Obtain profit (Baht/year) from calculation
 Create image of organization
 ISO 14001 / Green Label / LCA / EcoDesign
 Environmental Benefit
 Obtain decreased quantities of resources and
waste (Unit/year) from calculation
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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage
for Industry
 Find source of waste
Create diagram of production process
(“When substances enter the process, product and any wastes
will be produced”)
 Analyze the cause
considering from 5 factors: raw material, technology, management
product and waste
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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage
for Industry
 Find the effective ways to defend and solve
considering source of 5 causes as:
1. change/improve raw material
2. change/improve technology or equipment
3. use suitable production method and management
4. change/improve the product
5. reuse and recycle
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Concept of Green Industry
Concept
 Reduce contamination
at source
 Efficient management
of source
Characteristic of this
Technology
 Solve at the origin
 Reduce cost of waste
Treatment
 Correspond to market
need
Reduction at source
Green T
Savings
Payback
Recycle
Treatment Method
Releasing
Cost
Reduction
Gov.
Policy
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Steps of applying with Green Industry
Plan and Set organization
Feasibility study
Start to do
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Preliminary evaluation
Exquisite evaluation
Follow to evaluate results
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Steps of Plan and Set Organization
Encourage from executive of industrial company
Set target to be effective ways of Green Industry
Set working group to manage the Green Project
Brainstorm to find ways to fix problem and obstacle
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Preliminary evaluation
Objectives
1. To focus area of loss and issue of environment problem
2. To select interest issue for examining with exquisite
evaluation
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Steps of Preliminary evaluation
Create diagram of production process
Collect and review data from document
Gather data from survey
Create diagram of production process
Determine inflow-outflow
mass in process
Select problem issue
- Consider 3 points:
Possibility of technique,
economic and
environment
- General data of
company and product
- Use of raw material
and waste
- Examine correctness
of production process
- Focus area having loss
- Investigate real
working condition
- Roughly evaluate
quantity of raw
material, energy and
waste in each line of
process
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Exquisite evaluation
Steps of this evaluation:
Find mass balance for inflow and outflow substances
Find cause of any losses in process
Propose alternative of Green Industry
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Feasibility Study
Steps of this study:
Evaluate possibility of technique, economic
and environment
Select the effectively possible option
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Possibility of technique can be calculated from
Possibility of Technique (%) = Average Index - Best Index
× 100
Best Index
Average Index = Monthly quantity of resource and waste
Monthly quantity of product
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Possibility of economic can be calculated from
Possibility =
(Average Index - Best Index)
× Average production capacity
× Capital cost per unit
Possibility of Economic (%) = Possibility
× 100
Sum of Possibilities
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Impact on Environment can be considered in 3 points
 Quantity (Q)
 Effect (E)
 Diffusivity (D)
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Practice and Follow to evaluate results
Steps of this study:
Contact and coordinate with focused department
Set duration period for real practice
Concentrate the results of the following parameters
 Quantity of resource used
 Quantity of waste and pollution
 Quantity of changed benefit
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The School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)
works together with Department of Industrial Promotion
in project of Green Industry for several industries in Thailand.
Case Study I MPE Industry Co., Ltd
General Information
Major Product
Production Capacity
Real Production Cap.
Major raw material
Minor raw material
Shockproof plastic sheet (Air bubble, PE Foam)
Air Bubble ~ 120,000 rolls/year
PE Foam ~ 150,000 rolls/year
~ 75% of Total capacity
Plastic pellet (Type: LDPE)
Butane , Talcom
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Production process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam
Preparation of raw material
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Raw material passes quality standard
Roll raw material and butane gas prepared
Time used to run machine before
starting process ~ 1 hr.
Set Machine
No
Dispose of
waste from production
Produce
Yes
Store product
Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color
surface
Keep product (stock) in warehouse
Take to transform
Take to sell
Distribute product to customer
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Transformation process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam
PE-Foam, Air bubble
Preparation of raw material
Check raw material before transformation
Give plan to transform
Set Machine
Time used to run machine before
starting process ~ 10-20 min. for laminated
machine and ~ 10 min for cutter machine
No
Taking waste to
recycle
Transform
Yes
Store product
Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color
surface
With passing through cutting, seal, increase
thickness (Laminated), we get sheet, envelope
thermal insulator
Keep product (stock) in warehouse
Distribute product to customer
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Data of Energy used
Items
Value
No. of transformer
Size of transformer (1)
Voltage (1)
Size of transformer (2)
Voltage (2)
Meter number
Annual total electricity consumption
Annual thermal energy used
Average monthly electricity consumption
2
1,000 kVA
22-33 kV
800 kVA
22-33 kV
1832406
1,504,400 kWh/year
5,415,840 MJ/year
125,366.66 kWh/m
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V.
for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 405.5
and 407.8 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,
as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.
Size of Transformer : 800 kVA
Tab is set at no. 3
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395
for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Solve:
Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V
for size of transformer of 800 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure
voltage which is equal to be 393.8 V, as shown in Figure.
Voltage measured is between
the adjusted value
Tab is set at no. 1
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Results of adjustment
Items
Electrical energy savings
Cost of savings
Investment cost
Payback period
Value
936.60 kWh/year
3,371.6 MJ/year
2,922.20 Baht/year
- Baht
- Year
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V.
for size of transformer of 1000 kVA
Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 407.3
and 409.6 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,
as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.
Size of Transformer : 1000 kVA
Tab is set at no. 3
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395
for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Solve:
Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V
for size of transformer of 1000 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure
voltage which is equal to be 391.4 V, as shown in Figure.
Voltage measured is between
the adjusted value
Tab is set at no. 1
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Results of adjustment
Items
Electrical energy savings
Cost of savings
Investment cost
Payback period
Value
1,345.85 kWh/year
4,845.06 MJ/year
4,199.07 Baht/year
- Baht
- Year
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85
Problem: At present, use of electricity in factory is excessively without
suitable setting of power factor (Power factor is set at 0.68)
at position O (OFF) which this results in useless energy loss
and generating unnecessary cost, as shown in Figure.
Switch is set at O (OFF)
Power factor is set at 0.68 < 0.85
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85
Solve:
Adjust a suitable setting of power factor at 0.97 (>0.85)
at position A (Auto) which the measured value is given as
shown in Figure.
Switch is set at A (Auto)
Power factor is set at 0.97 (> 0.85)
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Results of adjustment
Items
Electrical energy savings
Cost of savings
Investment cost
Payback period
Value
4,922.85 kWh/year
17,722.26 MJ/year
15,359.29 Baht/year
- Baht
- Year
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC
than environment temperature
Problem: At present, air compressor is located at outdoor place which
average environment temperature is measured at 45.9 oC
This result is that the higher outdoor temperature, the more
energy consumption of air compressor, as shown in Figure.
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC
than environment temperature
Solve:
Installing sunroof for air compressor which this results in
environment temperature around compressor reduced to be
34oC and yielding higher energy savings, as shown in Figure
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Results of adjustment
Items
Electrical energy savings
Cost of savings
Investment cost
Payback period
Value
1,353.09 kWh/year
4,871.12 MJ/year
4,221.65 Baht/year
- Baht
- Year
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set
over 6 bar
Problem: At present, air pressure is set more than 6 bar (8 bar) and
electrical motor capacity is 11.19 kW which is over in reality.
and compressor is placed far away from working point
without maintenance, as shown in Figure
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
 Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set
over 6 bar
Solve: Air pressure is set to be 5 bar and installed with air accumulator
and adjust pressure component
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Results of adjustment
Items
Electrical energy savings
Cost of savings
Investment cost
Payback period
Value
4,198.16 kWh/year
15,113.38 MJ/year
13,098.26 Baht/year
- Baht
- Year
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Regression Analysis
Regression equation is determined to find correlation among
electrical energy, quantity of foam used to produce bubble and
quantity of pellet to produce foam which corresponds to table below
Month
Electrical Energy (kWh)
Quantity of foam used to produce bubble
(kg.)
Quantity of pellet to produce foam
(kg.)
Jan.-2008
95980
63000
72000
Feb.-2008
103380
67000
101000
Mar.-2008
102480
52000
99950
Apr.-2008
88440
32000
90000
May.-2008
91440
56000
83000
June-2008
102240
57900
93000
July-2008
92420
73975
50975
Aug-2008
88180
51000
75800
Sept-2008
97960
54975
75975
Oct-2008
90360
43000
88250
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The regression equation will be obtained from regression
analysis as
Electricity energy (kWh) = 50892 + 0.374 QB+ 0.266QF
where
QB = Quantity of foam to produce bubble, kg
QF = Quantity of pellet to produce foam, kg
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Conclusion of potential of Energy Conservation
Items
Cost of energy savings
Quantity of energy consumed
Percentage of energy reduced
Payback period (PP)
Value
127,541.95 MJ/year
2,146,222.8 MJ/year
5.94% or 158,364.99 B/year
0.001 year
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Case Study II SK Interfood Co., Ltd
General Information: Slicing Pig to various components
Items
Quantity
Unit
Cost
Raw material
Water
Electricity
Fuel
Waste
3,570.9
46,343
810,933
33,715
30.7
Ton/y 185,686,800 B/y
m3/y
0
B/y
kWh/y 2,623,157
B/y
kg/y
590,010
B/y
Ton/m
Average quantity of components of pig produced
Unit
266 Ton/month
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Preliminary evaluation
Data for resource used and waste generated in 2010
Items
Unit
Total
(Unit/year) Avg/month
Product
Ton
3,191.0
266
Pig
Ton
3,570.9
297.6
KWh
810,933
67,578
LPG
Kg
33,715
2,810
Water
m3
46,343
3,862
Waste
Ton
368.4
31
Electricity
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Data of Index for resource used and waste generated in 2010
Items
Pig
Unit
Ton/Ton of product
Avg Index Best Index
1.119
1.113
Electricity
kWh/Ton of product
255.66
217.25
LPG
kg/Ton of product
11.10
8.69
Water
m3/Ton of product
14.526
14.506
Waste
Ton/Ton of product
0.1157
0.0908
Average Index = Quantity of resource or waste in each month
Quantity of product in each month
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Results for Technical evaluation
Avg Index – BestIndex
Best Index
Technical
Possibility
(%)
Score
Ton/Ton
of product 1.119 1.113
0.0054
0.539
1
Electric kWh/Ton 255.6
217.25
ity of product
6
0.1768
17.680
2
0.2773
27.733
3
Items
Pig
Unit
Avg Best
Index Index
LPG
kg/Ton of
product
Water
m3/Ton of 14.52
14.506
product
6
0.0014
0.138
1
Waste
Ton/Ton 0.115
0.0908
of product
7
0.2742
27.423
3
11.1
8.69
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Results for Economic evaluation
Cost
(B/Unit)
(1)
Avg
Index
(2)
Best
Index
(3)
I (B/Month)
(4)=(2)(5)=(4)(1)(cap
(3)
acity)
52,000
1.119
1.113
0.006
Electricity
3.23
255.66
217.25
LPG
17.5
11.1
Water
-
Waste
-
Items
Pig
F
%F
Score
82,992
0.6523
65.233
3
38.41
33,001.10
0.2594
25.939
2
8.69
2.41
11,218.55
0.0882
8.818
1
14.526
14.506
0.02
5.32
4.1816E
0.0042
-05
1
0.1157
0.0908
0.0249
6.6234
5.21E05
0.0052
1
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Criteria to evaluate environment: EV = (Q) x (E) x (D)
Unit
Quantity/month
Q
E
D
Q×E×D
Score
Ton
266
3
1
1
3
1
KWh
297.6
3
2
2
12
3
LPG
kg
67,578
2
2
3
12
3
Water
m3
2,810
3
2
2
12
3
Waste
Ton
3,862
2
2
2
8
2
Items
Pig
Electricity
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Ranking the importance among Technical, Economic and
Environment Problems
Items
Technique
Score
A
(1)
(2)
Economic
คะแนน
B
(3)
(4)
Environment
คะแนน
C
(5)
(6)
Total
(1)*(2)+(3)*(4)+(5)*
(6)
Sequence
no.
Pig
1
3
3
3
1
2
14
3
Electricity
2
3
2
3
3
2
18
1
LPG
3
3
1
3
3
2
18
1
Water
1
3
1
3
3
2
12
4
Waste
3
3
1
3
2
2
16
2
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Results of Preliminary evaluation
 Electricity and LPG usage are the most impact on
production process
 LPG usage yields technical possibility
 Reduction of loss of raw material yields high technical
and economic possibilities.
 Water usage has the high impact on environment
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Exquisite evaluation
Mass balance in each steps of process is performed
Step1: Boiling and cleaning pigs
Cause: 1. Loss of water quantity while waiting for various
components of pig
2. In case of high production capacity (~120 pigs), water
pressure in cleaning is not sufficient resulting in no
water used and other steps being stopped.
Method to reduce loss
1. Install injector at the end of hose
2. Install water pump to increase water pressure
3. Control water pressure in water reservoir more than 0.5
bar by adjusting pressure difference of water generating
system to high generate water
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Step2: Freezing any components of pig
Cause: Components of pig before delivering to freezing room
have high humidity. Freezing room have to reduce water
temperature which results in excessively used electricity
Method to reduce loss
Drain water away from freezing room
Step3: Cutting any components of pig
Cause: 1. Some components of pig fall on area of slice machine
2. Water tap used for cleaning hand
has oversize resulting in loss of
water
Method to reduce loss
Install panels to prevent falling of
pig’s components
Install water distributors to increase water volume for cleaning
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Step5: Cooling Tower
Cause: - Efficiency of cooling tower is decreased due to dregs and
moss generated
Method to reduce loss
- Cleaning cooling pack
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Feasibility of method to reduce loss in the factory
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Results of applying Green Industry for Industry
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Case Study III Green Buildings
 School of Renewable Energy
Technology (SERT) has missions to
research and development of renewable
energy including energy conservation
which relates to Green Building.
 Naresuan University (NU) has been
assigned SERT to take responsibilities to
set model scheme of Green Building for
all buildings around NU area.
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Defining Green Building
 has friendly environmental construction process without
impact on ecosystem
 gives energy savings
 has suitable air, humidity, and lighting qualities
 use low-energy construction or recycled material
 apply modern and innovative technologies to building
7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
Management to be Green Building
- emphasizing intention to be Green Office Building
(Total score = 5)
Remark :These Criterions is based on “Department of Pollution Control”
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7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
 Region Plan and Landscape Architecture
- emphasizing evaluation of region plan and landscape
architecture (Total score = 7)
 Water Usage
- emphasizing evaluation of water usage
(Total score = 6)
 Energy
- emphasizing evaluation of energy management,
assigning personnel to take responsibility for energy
conservation, quantity of energy used and air conditioner
(Total score = 14)
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7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
 Indoor Environment Condition
- emphasizing evaluation of illumination in low stage,
Indoor air quality, preventing cigar smoke in building area,
sound level, building security, and use of low pollution
materials (Total score = 4)
 Preventing impact on environment from outdoor
- emphasizing evaluation of air pollution, waste water,
dangerous waste, heat and reduction of reflecting light
(Total score = 12)
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7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
 Innovation
- emphasizing evaluation of developing energy
conservation and indoor and outdoor environment of
building (Total score = 3)
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Table 1 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management
for Office of NU President
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013
MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015
LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016
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Table 2 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management
for Office Building of Library
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013
MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015
LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016
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Table 3 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management
for Office of NU indoor Stadium
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013
MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015
LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016
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 Previous 3 Case studies of managing buildings to be green
building is set to be model scheme to obtain complete Green
Building between 2013-2016.
 For the rest of buildings around NU area, We (SERT) are
ongoing to manage them to be green building soon such as
student dormitories and various Faculties.
 We try to use renewable energy technology applying to
Green Building for NU Green Building Project and hope to
collaborate in research between Thai and Indonesia in theme
of “Energy Efficiency” in the near future
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Thank you for your kind attention
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