I. Soil Environment Conservation Act
II. Soil Monitoring Policy
III. Contaminated soil management
IV.Future Policy direction
I. Soil Environment Conservation Act
I-1 History of soil environment policy
I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act
I-3 System of soil environment management
I-1 History of soil environment policy
1995 ~
~ 1980
1
1
2
Early Phase (Before 1980)
3
2000
2004
2009
- Farmland-centered soil management policy for increase of production
- Soil contamination occurred such as excessive uses of soil and chemicals
- Little understanding of soils, absence of soil policy
2
Growth Phase (1980 ~ 1994)
- Development of heavy chemical industry → Serious soil contamination
- Run soil measuring networks
- Conduct soil contamination survey throughout the country('87)
I-1 History of soil environment policy
1995 ~
~ 1980
1
3
2
Development Phase (After 1995)
3
2000
2004
2009
- Establish Soil Environment Conservation Act(’95.1), Decree and Regulations(’96.1)
- 2000 : Tighten up the law on Prevention of soil contamination and remediation
· Integrate regulations for Petroleum storage facilities
· Establish the management guideline
· Add more contaminants(11 → 16)
· Introduce the regulation of soil environment assessment (ESA)
· Establish the Detailed Soil survey guidelines
- 2004
· Reporting of soil contamination and Enrollment of soil remediation business
· Introduce verification of remediation and risk assessment articles
- 2009
· Add more contaminants(16 →21) and Subdivide area(2→3)
· Tighten up the remediation regulation
I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act
General Provision
Regulation on soil contamination
Designation/Management of specific region
 Purpose
 Reporting soil contamination
 Level for designation of specific region
 Definitions
 Supervision of specific facilities
 Establishing management plan
 Establishing basic plan
 Soil survey
 Project for improving soil quality
 Soil contamination level
 Remediation of contaminated soil  Restriction on using land and activities
 Measuring Network
 Verification
 Compensation for loss
 Risk assessment
 Cancellation of designation
 Soil environment assessment
 Strict liability
Specialized agencies/ Remediation business
Supplementary provisions
 Designation of special agency
 Execution by proxy
 Cause for Disqualification
 Assistance from relevant organizations
 Prohibition on a subsidiary businesses
 State subsidy
 Revocation of designation
 Report and examination
 Standards for administrative disposition
 Hearing
 Delegation of powers
I-3 System of soil environment management
Survey & Remediation responsibility
Nation
Survey
Private
Remediation
Polluter
pays
principle
- Soil measuring network (Regional MOE)
- Actual state soil survey (City, province)
- Soil contamination survey
- Soil environment assessment
Polluter, Owner, Occupant, Operator
I-3 System of soil environment management
Legal management system of soil contamination
Soil measuring networks
Actual state survey
Soil contamination survey
Below worrisome
level
No action
needed
-Area exceeding worrisome level
-(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents)
Over worrisome
level
Detailed soil survey
Below worrisome
level
-Area exceeding worrisome level
-Area needed response activities
Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures
-Improvements in or relocation of facilities
Article 17: Designation of areas requiring
response for soil conservation
-Restrictions on use of relevant material
-Response level (Decree Article 12)
-Notice of the location
-Remediation of contaminated soils
Execution of order
Direct remediation: military facilities
(below 50m3)
Commissioned remediation:
- Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension
available)
- Report to government
- Government’sverification
Not executed
At most 2 years
imprisonment
Or a fine of $ 10M
Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and
execution of response plan
-Project to improve contaminated soil
-Plan to use the land
-Notice of the location
I-3 System of soil environment management
Organization of soil management
MOE
(Masterplan for soil conservation)
Ministry of Knowledge Economy
Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Ministry of National Defense
National Emergency Management Agency
NIER
(R&D for soil conservation)
Local Environment Office
(Soil survey & Manage agencies)
Local government
(Manage specific facilities,
soil survey and remediation)
- K eco
- Survey agencies
- Associations related to soil environment
- KEITI
- Agencies for leakage test
- Environmental NGOs
- KEI
- Soil remediation businesses
- Other business groups
II. Soil Monitoring Policy
II-1
II-2
II-3
II-4
Soil Measuring Network
Actual state soil survey
Soil contamination survey for specific facilities
Management of vulnerable area
II-1 Soil Measuring Network
Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5)
For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination
the Minister of Environment shall establish a measuring network and measure
the degree of soil contamination at all time
Organization
Ministry of Environment
(1,521)
7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE)
Han River Basin
(285)
Nakdong River Basin
(190)
Wonju Office
(193)
Geum River Basin
(228)
Daegu Office
(243)
Youngsan River Basin
(262)
Jeonju Office
(120)
II-1 Soil Measuring Network
Guideline (Procedure)
Soil sampling
0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.)
Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed
Record all about sampling
(Location number, sampling depth, date etc.)
Analysis and Report the results
※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories
Guideline (Analysis items)
Land Categories
Field, Paddy Field,
Orchard, Woodland,
Ranch, Parks,
Amusement, Sports,
Riverside and School
Road, House, Factory,
Railroad and
Multipurpose
Items
Heavy
metal(8)
Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, Ni
General(2)
CN, Organophosphorus*
* For Field, Paddy field, Orchard
and Sports
Other(1)
pH
Heavy
metal(8)
Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, Ni
General(7)
PCBs*, CN*, Phenols*, TPH,
BTEX, F, TCE*, PCE*
* For factory and multipurpose
Other(1)
pH
II-2 Actual state soil survey
Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5)
For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination
the Mayor/Province governor shall conduct an actual state of soil survey in the area
under his jurisdiction, which is feared to suffer soil contamination
Framework
City, County, District
Check the area feared to suffer soil contamination
Survey the actual state of soil contamination
Notify the survey plan(February)
16 local Research
Institutes of Public
Health and
Environment
Report the survey results(December)
Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June)
City, Province
Make the survey plan
Notify the survey results(Next March)
Report the survey plan(February)
Report the survey results(Next January)
Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July)
Ministry of Environment
Make and announce a survey procedure
Put all the reports together and estimate the results
II-2 Actual state soil survey
Guideline (Procedure)
Site visit & Select survey area
Area feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories)
Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc.
Make a priority list and report the survey plan
Sampling and analysis
※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories
Report the results
supervise following step for the area over worrisome level
Minimum survey area by region (2,000 sites)
Seoul
Busan
Daegu
Gwangju
Daejeon
Incheon
Ulsan
Kyungki
102
85
92
63
69
78
65
250
Gangwon
Chungbuk
Chungnam
Jeonbuk
Jeonnam
Kyungbuk
Kyungnam
Jeju
167
134
152
140
153
235
165
50
II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities
Owner’s duty on management of specific facilities
Report on Facilities Subject to
Control of Specific Soil Contamination
Install the facilities
to prevent soil contamination
Examination of Soil Contamination
Examination of the level of
Leakage
(Every 8 year after 10 years)
Examination of the level of
Soil Contamination
(Every 1 ~ 5 year)
Number of specific facilities in Korea(2009)
Petroleum
Total
(2009)
Toxic
materials
Total
Gas
station
Industrial
facilities
Etc (Heating facilities)
22,643
316
22,327
15,135
4,295
2,897
II-4 Management of vulnerable area
Abandoned mine areas
- From 1992, soil contamination survey and mine reclamation work have been
conducted at abandoned mine areas because environment contamination
becomes social issues
- Soil contamination survey has been conducted at 936 mine areas among
total of 2,089 mine areas
- Make a master plan to manage area around Abandoned mine(2004)
Total
4,681
Types of Mine
Coal Mine
Metal Mine
Non-metal Mine
394(151)
2,089(936)
2,198
- Asbestos mine
Total
90
Types of Mine
Asbestos Mine
Asbestos related Mine
38(15)
52
- MOE and MKE(Ministry of Knowledge and Economy) conduct
a detailed survey
II-4 Management of vulnerable area
Industrial complex
- From 2004, soil contamination survey has been conducting at 25 industrial
complexes that have high possibility of contamination
- Targeting 25 national and local industrial complexes that have over 1 Mm2 and
10-year-old
- Since 2004, survey for 20 complexes has been completed
- Survey Procedure
Review relative data
Check the site condition
(Document, Interview, etc.)
(Storage tanks, wastes, etc.)
Conduct survey
(Sampling, Analysis, etc.)
Estimation
(Extent of contamination,
Remedial methods, etc.)
II-4 Management of vulnerable area
USFK granted lands
- Soil and groundwater contamination survey has been conducted at USFK granted
lands that are under operation or return
- Since 2004, 52 USFK granted lands have been surveyed and
18 camps are returned and under remediation
- Since 2008, surroundings of 28 USFK granted land have been surveyed
III. Contaminated soil management
III-1 Detailed soil investigation
III-2 Verification of soil remediation
III-1 Detailed soil investigation
Purpose
- Area soil contamination recognized
- Delineate the extent and volume of contamination
Procedure
Phase I
Data Review, Site visit, etc.
Phase II
Check contaminants and contaminated area
Phase III
Detailed soil survey to delineate the contamination
- Topsoil & Subsoil survey
- Determine sampling density by targeted area
- Groundwater and River(stream) survey
- Prevention of contamination and recommend remediation methods
Responsible party should conduct the detailed soil investigation in 1 year
III-2 Verification of soil remediation
- When soil remediation is undergoing, the process and the completion
of verification has to be conducted(Article 15-6)
- Remediation framework with verification
Ministry of Environment
Manage the remediation results
Report the completion
City, County, District
Report the survey results
Report the remediation plan
Report the verification results
Polluters
Contract for detailed survey
Survey Agency
Make a contract
Soil remediation
business operator
Perform remediation
Completion
Ask verification
Report the verification plan
Report the results
Report of
verification results
Make a verification
plan
Process verification
Completion verification
IV. Future policy direction
II-1 Risk Assessment
II-2 Prevention of Soil erosion
II-3 Soil Bank
IV-1 Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment (Article15-5)
Minister of Environment, Mayor/Province governor, or responsible parties shall
assess the extent of risk affecting human bodies and environment considering
contaminants, surrounding conditions, plan for land use, etc and
determine remediation extent and time to finish
Subject area
- Remediation on national property
- Remediation on the land impossible to identify the responsible parties or
unable to remediate by the responsible parties
- Remediation on naturally contaminated land
Procedures
Make a plan and
Report to MOE
Review the plan (MOE)
Verify the results &
Public opinions
Notify the results
to the public (>20days)
Monitoring soil
Condition in every 2 yrs
IV-2 Prevention of soil erosion
Top soil erosion survey (Article 6-2)
Minister of Environment shall survey soil erosion to figure out the top soil condition
for managing soil as resources
- Top soil contains lots of organic matters and nutrition
- Unable to restore
- Need to strengthen managing soil resources
- Vulnerable topography in soil erosion
- About 50 M ton/yr (28M in Crop field, 22M in Forestry)
IV-3 Soil Bank
Designation of soil bank (Article15-7)
Minister of Environment shall designate soil bank in case that it is necessary to
clean up efficiently gathering soil in an area (national property)
- To remediate efficiently and recycle the remediated soil
Our Precious resources for the next generation
Thank You