Indoor Residual Spraying
{IRS} Strategy
Jaipal Singh
Entomologist
GFATM SSF R-10
DOMC Islamabad Pakistan
What determines the spread of
malaria?
Malaria spread depends on:
•Rainfall pattern
(How does this affect
mosquito breeding?)
Female Anopheles mosquito
What do you notice about it?
•Types of mosquitoes in the area
•How close are people to the breeding sites?
Some areas constantly have a high rate of malaria.
Other areas have “malaria seasons” or occasional
epidemics of malaria.
Mosquitoes and Malaria
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The spread of malaria depends
on the life cycle of the
mosquito.
Adult mosquitoes lay their eggs
on water.
The eggs hatch to become
larvae and then pupae, before
turning into adults.
Adult females mosquitoes only
live 2 to 4 weeks.
So you can reduce malaria by
attacking any of these four
stages of the mosquito.
Where do mosquitoes breed?
Irrigation water
Tire tracks
Any place
there is water!
Rice paddies
So what is one
way to reduce
malaria?
Mating
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Sugar feeding
Host seeking
Partial surface application
Full surface application
Rest 2-3 days
Oviposition
IRS application
Point-source application
Importance of Indoor Residual
Spraying {IRS}
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Pillar of Malaria Control Program
IRS application of long-lasting chemical
insecticides on the walls and roofs of all houses
and domestic animals shelters in given areas, in
order to kill the adult vector mosquitoes that
land and rest on these surface.
 To reduce the life span of vector mosquitoes
also reduce the density of the vector mosquitoes
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To reduce the rate of malaria transmission
and prevent malaria epidemics in the TGF
districts.
Indoor Residual
Spraying (IRS)
The main strategy for malaria control:
Attack the adult mosquitoes, or
prevent them from biting people.
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What is happening here?
Some risks:
1. Toxicity of
Deltamethrine 25%
WG
2. Resistance of
mosquitoes
How does indoor residual
spraying work?
Can you think of
any risks to these
approaches?
Investigate indoor residual spraying
Who is doing it in your community?
 What chemical are they using?
 Are there any problems or side effects?
 What does it cost?
Operational Plan for Monitoring, Evaluation
and Management of Vector Control
Vector Control Methods
Step 1
Describe analyze the vector
borne diseases situation e.g.
Malaria
Chemical
Non-chemical
Step 2
Stratify malaria problems based on
relevant variables
IRS
Environmental
Management
Step 3
Determine whether there is a role for
vector control in each stratum
LLINs
Biological Agent
Step 4
If there is a role for vector control,
determine which method (s) is are
suitable
Larviciding
Genetics
Step 5
Where insecticides used in essential,
select method of application
Space Spraying
Personal
Protection
Step 6
Determine what insecticides to used
when, where and how to apply it
Repellents and
coils
Non organic
material
Step 7
Establish operational outputs and
targets and select monitoring and
evaluation methods
Use of IRS guidelines in TGF Districts?
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Indoor residual spraying in one of the primary vector
control intervention for reducing and interrupting
malaria transmission (WHO)
IRS is the spraying of the inside surface of the
sleeping structure to deliver a targeted dosage (g/m2
of chemical that sustain its efficacy on disease vectors for
given duration
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Estimated the target areas for IRS implementation
Select timing for field operation
The choice of IRS, or any other vector intervention,
must be made by careful consideration of the factors
Realizing the Potential of IRS
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There are currently 12 insecticides
recommended by WHO for IRS, belonging to
four chemical groups (one organochlorin, six
pyrethroids, three organophosphate and two
carbamate)
The choice of insecticides must be informed by
the following considerations:
insecticides susceptibility and vector behavior
Safety for human and the environment
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness
Planning of Indoor Residual Spraying
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The planning process, involving all stakeholders in
defining the area to be spraying, logistics, budget,
timing and post campaign evolution
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Spraying techniques and training of spray team and
understanding the role of community in the IRS
campaign needs for engaging and having dialogue with
communities to foster ownership and acceptance of
the program
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Understand the target areas/coverage spray campaign
should cover 15% rural areas (selection on API basis)
Spraying Techniques
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The success of an IRS activity relies on the efficient
and uniform application of recommended insecticides
dosage (Deltamethrine 25% WG 25 grams in 10 liter of
water) on wall surface, the technical skills of spray
men area a critical requirement.
Describe the safety issues related to use of the spray
pumps demonstrate skills in pressurizing and handling
of the spray pumps.
Carry out nozzle calibration and also demonstrate
skill in spraying techniques through maintain uniform
swath, width and speed
Spraying Techniques cont.....
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Demonstrate the triple rinse techniques
Pressuring the spray pumps and use of
pressure gauge 25-55 (psi)
Nozzles calibration (380 ml/30 second at 40
PSI
Swath, width and practices on the wall surface
(75 cm swath at 45 cm nozzles distance from
the walls
Spraying speed (2 ml per 4.5 second )
Planning of Indoor Residual Spraying
cont…
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The role of supervision , emphasizing that during
spraying , supervisors must continually check that
mean spray correctly ensure, recording, reporting and
rectify mistakes
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Planning of spray team, with consideration of
requirements, personnel protective equipment (PPE),
insecticides to cover targeted houses
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Complete IRS tools accurately and send to the right
level in the data flow structure
Effective Implementation
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Malaria vector control operations have to be targeted,
treating only where and when necessary, IRS is a method
for community protection, and given tis mode of action, the
highest possible level of coverage is required to achieve the
maximum impact on malaria transmission.
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Achieving this level of coverage and timing spraying
correctly (in short period of time before the onset of the
transmission seasons) area crucial to realize the full
potential of IRS
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IRS require effective leadership and management for
planning, organization and implementation.
Effective Implementation cont.....
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IRS operation must managed by technical , skilled and
professional staff, based on analysis of local epidemiological
data and a sound understanding of transmission patterns,
vector behavior and insecticides resistance status
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Significant strengthen of human and technical resources,
accompanied by sufficient financial resources, is needed to
develop or reorganize existing IRS activity
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Post- spraying operations will be conducted and
observation from the IRS campaign and to lessons learned,
discuss and generally share the epidemiological outcomes of
the IRS campaign
Supervision of field spray operation
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The purpose of supervisor is to solve problems and
offer support not to criticize or find fault
To ensure that the spray team movement schedule is
strictly adhered to and the agreed target numbers of
houses to be sprayed per day are being maintained
To take corrective measure, on the spot, on spray
application techniques and take note of any equipment
deficiencies for remedial action
To stimulate, encourage and advice on good comments
with house holder and village or community leaders
To ensure good team work for total and complete
coverage of areas to be sprayed
Indoor Residual Spraying Reporting
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IRS strategy and practices
Outputs amount of insecticides used
Insecticides resistance testing results
Quality and bioassays results
Out come No. of structure household sprayed and No
of people protected
Post Evaluation of IRS
Impact, prevalence ,API district free of Malaria
Develop the success stories of district
In conclusion
References
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Indoor Residual Spraying Strategy (IRS ) 2013 (GFATM DOMC Islamabad
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. Malaria. Available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/
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Health Education Program for Developing Countries. 2009. Available
from:http://www.hepfdc.info/
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Wikipedia. 2010. Malaria. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
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Wikipedia. 2010. Mosquito. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquaito
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Wikipedia. 2010. Mosquito control. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_control
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World Health Organization. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness chart booklet.
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World Health Organization. 2009. Malaria Fact File. Available from:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/index.html
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World Health Organization. 2010. Ten Facts on Malaria. Available from:
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/malaria/en/index.html
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World Health Organization. Roll back malaria. Available from:
http://rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/372/RBMInfosheet_1.htm
Thanks