Iron & steel industry in China
What are the locational
changes in the iron and
steel industry in China?
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Iron & steel industry in China
How important is the iron and steel
industry in China?
Iron and steel industry is a very important industry
because it provides basic _____________
raw materials used by
many other industries.
Do you know
Iron
steel
whatand
China’s
industry
very
rank inisthe
important
world is into
China
terms
oftoo.
steel
production?
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Iron & steel industry in China
How important is the iron and steel
industry in China?
What
Which
is China’s
bar
share
showsinChina’s
world
30.9
steel______%
production?
data?
China Japan USA Russia South
Korea
Major crude steel
producers in the world,
2005
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Iron & steel industry in China
How important is the iron and steel
industry in China?
Although China
Why
What
does
is China’s
China
produces
a lot
need
rank
toasproduce
net
of
steel,
ita still
importer
and consume
steel
needs
to of
import
so
inmuch
theofworld?
steel?
plenty
steel
to
meet domestic
demand.
USA
China Thailand Iran
Italy
Major net importers
of steel, 2004
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1950s
In thiswere
period,
What
the
iron and
steel
major
locational
works were
factors
of the
ironmainly
and steel
industry
in China
concentrated
in
this
theduring
__________,
north-east
forperiod?
example,
Anshan
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1950s
Major locational factors
_______________
Raw materials
- iron ore
- limestone
Locational effect
They are heavy and
bulky
______
To save
transport costs
Locate near to iron ore fields
_______________-oriented
Raw material
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1950s
Major locational factors
Locational effect
________________
Power resources
It is heavy and _________
bulky
- coal
To save
transport costs
Locate near to coal mines
______________-oriented
Power
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
Early 1950s to late 1970s
1950s
Anshan
Quit
Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
Early 1950s to late 1970s
1950s
1970s
…and even to the
West (e.g. Urumqi)
What were the
Can
Howyou
did give
the
major locational
any
distribution
examplesofof
factors of the
major
iron and
ironsteel
and
iron and steel
works
steel centres
change
Inland shift
industry in
found
duringinthis
the
to the
China during
Central?
period?
Central…
this period?
Anshan
Baotou
Taiyuan
Wuhan
Panzhihua
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
Early 1950s to late 1970s
Major locational factors
Locational effect
Raw materials
Raw material-oriented
Power resources
Power-oriented
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
Early 1950s to late 1970s
Major locational factors
_____________
Government policy
- _________
strategic reasons:
Locational effect
_______
Inland shift of industries
avoid industries from
being attacked
- _________
social reasons:
~ balance economic
development
~ relieve the problem of
overpopulation in the
coastal regions
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
Early 1950s to late 1970s
ItGovernment
is because the
policy
economy
is a particularly
in China is
state-planned
important ________________.
locational
factor in China not
only
in this
but also
in are
the later
Most
ironperiod
and steel
works
period.
Do you know why?
state-owned
_______________.
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
Early
1970s
2000s
How does the
There
is
a of
What
are
the
Can
distribution
you
name
major
locational
general
shift
iron
some
and
of
steel
theto
factors
of iron
major
works
iron
change
and
the ________
coastal
andcentres?
steel
steel
during
this
regions.
industry
period?in
China nowadays?
Beijing
Anshan
Shanghai
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
Major locational factors
Government policy
- _______
open policy
Locational effect
Shift of industries to the
coastal regions
_________
- the policy of ‘having
some regions
developed first’
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
Major locational factors
_______________
Technological
advancements
- use of new
furnaces
- _______
scrap iron can
be used
- use of ________
bulk
carriers and better
railway transport
Locational effect
Less coal and iron ore are used
Lower transport costs of power
resources and raw materials
The locational importance of
power resources and
_________________
_____________
raw materials decreases
The locational importance of
market and __________
coastal
________
_________
location increases
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
It is because:
Why does the
coastal
location
become more
important?
it is easier to _______
import
raw materials from
overseas;
it is easier to _______
export
finished products to
overseas markets.
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
What other
favourable
locational
factors coastal
regions
( Small
/ Big have?
)
markets
_______________
Agglomeration
economies
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
Main railway line
Line under construction
Railway junction/
Terminus
and…
Shekou Port, Shenzhen
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
Extensive
___________
flat land
Water for
cooling
_________
Can get land through
reclamation
______________
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
West
18%
Central
35%
Abundant supply of
skilled
__________
labour
East
47%
Percentage of graduates with
senior secondary education
or above in the three
economic regions, 2003
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s to the present
On the other hand,
Farproblems
away fromin the
areas
majorinland
markets
Poor transport
discourage industrial
networks and low
development.
ccessibility
a___________
For example,
Mainly
unskilled
____________
labour
Extreme
__________
climate
_________
Small
population
Rugged
_________
relief
Uneconomical
to exploit the
resources
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
To conclude…
1950s
Major locational factors:
- ________________
Raw materials
- ________________
Power resources
Main location:
- _____________
North-east
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1950s-1970s
Major locational factors:
- ________________
Raw materials
- ________________
Power resources
- ________________
Government policy
Main location:
- Shift to ________
inland
areas
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Iron & steel industry in China
What is the spatial distribution of the iron
and steel industry in China?
1980s onwards
Major locational factors:
- ________________
Government policy
- ________________
Technological
________________
advancements
- Increase the locational
pull of _________
markets
Main location:
- Shift to _________
coastal
regions
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Iron & steel industry in China
Has there been any industrial inertia in
the iron and steel industry in China?
Have you noticed
which major iron
and steel centre
thrives throughout
the period from the
1950s to present?
Why?
___________
in Liaoning
Anshan
Reasons:
- Building new steel plants
elsewhere is costly
- Moving the ___________
machinery
is costly
- If _________
moving costs >
costs ________________
saved by moving
 industry may stay behind
inertia
Industrial ________
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Iron & steel industry in China
Has there been any industrial inertia in
the iron and steel industry in China?
Are there any other
reasons for Anshan
to remain as one of
the major iron and
steel centres
in China?
Presence of
infrastructure
Good
transport
Long history of
development
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Iron & steel industry in China
What are the problems of the iron and
steel industry in China?
Problems that the industry faces
Production Consumption
Iron ore (million tonnes)
Electricity
(million tonnes of coal equivalent)
336
468
1,846
1,970
This table shows
What problem
the
production and
does
consumption
the iron and
amount of iron
steel
ore
industry
and
in
electricity in China
China
in 2004.
face?
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Iron & steel industry in China
What are the problems of the iron and
steel industry in China?
Problems that the industry faces
Production Consumption
Iron ore (million tonnes)
Electricity
(million tonnes of coal equivalent)
336
468
1,846
1,970
There is a __________
shortage of raw materials and electricity.
China is now the largest iron ore importer in the world.
Besides the problem above, transporting raw materials
and finished steel products has also imposed great
pressure on the ________
railway and __________
shipping sectors.
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Iron & steel industry in China
What are the problems of the iron and
steel industry in China?
Problems caused by the industry
Environmental problems
produces
Sulphur dioxide
(SO2)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
+
+
Water droplets
Water vapour
Smog
Acid rain
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Global
warming
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Iron & steel industry in China
What are the problems of the iron and
steel industry in China?
Problems caused by the industry
Socio-economic problems
______________
Modernization of iron and steel works
 outdated, medium- and small-scale iron and steel
works…
OR
Restructured
Workers are laid off
_______________
Unemployment
Restructured
_________
Socioeconomic
_________
problems
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Iron & steel industry in China
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Iron & steel industry in China
Imports of iron ore in China, 1980-2004
How does this
What
is the
The
industry
trend affect the
trend
of to
the
tends
Increasing.
location
of iron
imports
ofiniron
locate
and
steel
orecoastal
in China?
industry?
regions.
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Iron & steel industry in China
Exports of steel products in China, 1980-2004
How
What
does
is the
this
The
industry
trend
trend
affect
of the
the
tendsof
toof
location
exports
iron
Increasing.
locate
in
steel
andproducts
steel
coastal
in
industry?
China?
regions.
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