SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Ashok Kumar Abhilash Vijayan Department of Civil Engineering INTRODUCTION • Industrial Revolution increased resource consumption • Growing population increases demands for resource • Increase in the consumption and results in pollution Increased Consumption Increasing Population Increasing Pollution Increasing Demand Buildings are a major consumer of the resources, and one of the biggest producers of pollution INTRODUCTION - FACTS Buildings in the United States account for: • 36% of total energy use and 65% of electricity consumption • 30% of raw materials use • 30% of waste output which is 136 million tons annually • 12% of potable water consumption • 49% of sulfur dioxide emissions • 25% of nitrous oxide emissions • 10% of the particulate emissions • 35 % of the carbon dioxide emissions Sustainability SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (The Brundtland Commission,1987) SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS A “Cradle-to-Cradle” Approach SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILDINGS • Sustainable development measures success in terms of economic, environmental, and social benefits. • The ever-increasing need for new construction and renovation juxtaposed with the resource and environmental crisis forced the building industry to expand on this concept, and apply it to the built environment. Effect of Sustainability Working Principles Application of Sustainability Pre-Design On-Site Design Material Selection Construction Building Program Site Analysis Environmentally Project Budget & Assessment Conscious Team Selection Site Development Construction Partnering & Layout Preservation of Project Schedule Watershed Laws, Codes Management & & Standards Conservation Research Site Material Site Selection & Equipment Passive Solar Design Materials & Specification Indoor Air Quality Features & Vegetation Waste Mgmt IAQ Issues Source Control Practices O&M Maintenance Plans Indoor Quality Energy Efficiency Resource Efficiency Renovation Housekeeping & Custodial Practices Advanced Features of a Sustainable Building Best Building Form Solar & Energy Efficient Design Improved Indoor Air Quality Usage of Green Materials Proper Mechanical Systems Efficient Lighting Proper Testing & Maintenance Lighting • Daylighting & Skylighting- Incorporated lots of natural light to reduce the need for electric lighting and the associated increase in the air conditioning load • Energy efficient fluorescent T5s installed in classrooms Natural Ventilation • Operable windows pull fresh air into one side of the classroom, while ventilation stacks pull the air out on the opposite side of the classroom • At extreme temperatures, automatic backup mechanical ventilation systems can be used Green Materials Materials as well as their production, use and disposal must be safe for the planet. Most of the materials have specific range of conditions in which they best work Sustainable building materials have the following features: • Durable and easily maintained • Less processing required • Low odor • Low emitting • Cost-effective • Aesthetic Economics of Green Buildings Reduction in lighting energy requirements by at least 50 percent Cut heating and cooling energy consumption by 60 percent Reduced water consumption by up to 30 percent or more Lower building operating expenses through reduced utility and waste disposal costs Lower on-going building maintenance costs, ranging from salaries to supplies Increase worker productivity by six to 16 percent Higher property values and potentially lower lenders’ credit risk Higher building net income New economic development opportunities Benefits of Sustainable Construction Sustainable construction makes wise use of all the natural resources and up to 50% reduction in energy use Improves occupant health, comfort, productivity, reduces pollution and landfill waste that are not easily quantified A sustainable building may cost more up front, but saves through lower operating costs over the life of the building Building is designed as one system rather than a collection of stand-alone systems with the help of the integrated system approach Building Sustainability Analysis Tool • Simple user-friendly tool that helps analyze and assess a building from a sustainability and comfort standpoint • Sustainable Building Score (SBS) to quantify building sustainability and performance • Provides options and solutions to increase the environmental performance of the buildings and create sustainable buildings METHODOLOGY QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Energy Lights Water Appliances Fixtures Building Envelope Window Insulation Pollution Prevention LIGHTS • Type of Bulb • Number of Bulbs • Wattage • Usage Annual Energy Consumptio n Number of Bulbs Wattage Usage per day Days used 1000 Recommendations Based on Illumination provided (in lumens) by the user’s selection LIGHTING RECOMMENDATION FIXTURES SHOWERHEAD FAUCET FLUSH • Flow rate • Usage Annual Water Usage Gallons per minute Number of people Usage / day Durationof Use Daysof Use Recommendations Set by DOE to reduce flow rate ANNUAL EXPENDITURE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS • The tool calculates the sustainability of a building in terms of Sustainable Building (SB) Score SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SCORE Thank you! 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