Polish agriculture:
problems and solutions
Magdalena Krygier
Marta Jabłońska
Katarzyna Kozłowska
Ewelina Szydełko
Anna Kuś
Wrocław University of
Environmental
and Life Sciences
1
SWOT
Strenghts
- polish agriculturae area is 1/5
all agriculture area in UE
- Poland has one of the richest
varieties biological species and
natural seats in UE
- good quality of rural products
Weaknesses:
- bad infrastructure (roads)
- „hole” of budget
- many of polish specialists emigration
- bad law regulation
- taxes
- less good quality soil
- non-warn the law
- deficiency of water
- low farmer level education
- monoproduction
- low impact of institiutions and organisations
supporting the development of rural areas
Opportunities
- Poland is on the first place in
wheat production (competitive
for other countries)
- in Poland is extensive system of
agriculture
- development agrotourism
- subsidies from UE
- fashion for helthy food
Treats
- climate risk (floods, drought, hurricanes etc.)
- course of currency
- inflation
- competitive
2
In Poland the most popular is extensive
system of agriculture
advantages
Natural science is
safe
Less cost by
fertilizer and
pesticides
Preserve soil in
good condition
Bigger employment
disadvantages
Less crops
Bigger areas
Less competitive
3
Water problem:
Poland hasn’t enought quantity of water.
Water solution:
Poland needs a many of little reservuars of water.
It untie two problems: flood and drought. We must build water shaft.
II pilar
4
Problem: bad quality of seeds
Solution:
Farmers must applicate to Europen Union for subsidy to buy good quality of seeds.
I pilar
Tabl. Zaopatrzenie rolnictwa w kwalifikowany materiał siewny
Supply of agriculture with qualified seed
Wyszczególnienie - Specification
Specification Sprzedaż
materiału
siewnego
Sales of seeds
in tonnes
Zboża
podstawowe
Basic cereals
wheat
rye
barley
oats
triticale
1999/2000
2001/02
Years
2004/05
212142
181867
157694
133765
139477
113283
22175
40834
12892
71896
95429
16187
36170
12368
86653
77219
12912
31072
11672
67288
64485
10176
26413
8808
57746
67628
11093
26534
9036
57636
2006/07
2007/08
5
Problem: Currency cours
Solution:
Development agriculture. Preserve good condition to invite abroad
investors.
II pilar
6
Problem: Lobbying.
Poland has 140 lobbying companies. Only 33% of them are active.
Polish people afraid lobbying, because they associate it with
corruption.
Solution:
Polish people need more education about lobbying.
I pilar
7
Problem:
Deficiency plans, what farmers should cultivate, than they haven’t chance to sell
their products in good price.
Solution:
Appoint the institusion to make a base of date about prognosis for farmers, which
species they should cultivate and how much.
I pilar
8
Problem: Subsiedy.
In Poland a lot of farmers don’t use the subsidies, they afraid big bureaucracy and
competitive. They don’t know where search the help and which Programme is for them.
Most of Programme are refundation and polish farmers many times don’t get the credits
from the bank.
Solution:
Increase the farmers knowledge about Europen Union Programmes. Appoint the institution
or increase the competences agriculture institusion which exist now to help farmers in
bureaucracy.
I and II pilar
9
Common Agriculture Policy
Problem: The rule ‘phasing-in’ – polish farmers get the many in too long time. It
means that polish farmers aren’t competitive to farmers from other countries UE.
Polish farmers don’t get this same money such like other countries.
Solution: Everything must be done to compensate for subsidies has been reduced
up to.
Problem: The rule "cross-compliance„. Polish economy situation don’t let to
satisfy this rule.
Solution: Preferences credit investments to modificate agriculture farms.
Problem: Liquidation intervention purchases of rye. Eliminating rye from
intervention of the EU would reduce market prices and consequently, lower
income farmers on weaker soils.
Solution: Maintenance intervention purchases of rye or gratuity.
Problem: Polish farmers must pay for agriculture advices.
Solution: non-profit agriculture advices
10
Problem:
Deficiency co-operation between farmers.
One small farmer can’t satisfy neededs of market and can’t competitive with
big farmers.
Solution:
Small farmers must co-operation. They must choose a leader of them group
which will be representative this group.
I pilar
11
Problem:
bad advertistment – worse export
Consumer want buy products which good looking, which have good package.
Solution:
Shows polish farmers how products should look and how to exsposition products
for consumer.
I and II pilar
12
Problem: innovation
Solution:
Change machines and sytems of production. Use BAT – Best Avilable Technics
to save energy, water, materials to production etc. Use close system of
production.
I and II pilar
13
Problem:
Deficiency co-operation between Universities researches, companies and
farmers.
Solution:
Organize a meetings with farmers, represantatives of companies and farmers.
I pilar
14
Problem:
Most of polish farmers don’t use crops rotation. The soil is more sterilization.
Solution:
Courses for farmers to start them use the crops rotation and save soil.
Crops rotation let use less fertilizations and pesticides.
Europen Union gives subsidies to farmers if they cultivate legumes or blends
legumes with other plants.
I pilar
15
Problem:
polish farmers can’t find jobs in non-agricultural sectors.
Solution:
Course for farmers to change the sector. Farmers can also direct a company in
this same time such farm.
I pilar
25
20
20
16,4 16
14,3
15
14,6
12,2
19 18,7
15,5 16,3
13,2
17,5
13
11,4
10,3 10,4
10
6,5
5
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
90
0
16
Problem:
Poland hasn’t regulation about GMO
Solution:
Find regulation about GMO. Polish researchers must following by the new
information about this topic.
I and II pilar
FOR
or
AGAINST ?
17
Problem:
Polish farms are too small
Solution:
cultivate vegetables – specialisation, develop agrotourism
I pilar
18
Problem: quantity of milk.
Solution: Liberalisation of law about resignation regulation quantity of milk.
pilar I
1996 - 2000
2001 -2005
2007
2008
Specification
Annual average
Cow’s milk in
million litres
Milk yield from
1 cow in litres
11 762
11 533
11 744
12 063
3 453
3 982
4 292
4 351
19
Problem:
Poland is shared for richer and poorer region. It means that regions develope
very unevenly.
Solution:
In Poland exist Programme Development for East Poland, which improve the
atractivity of polish region, such like Kozard in Hungary, where became new jobs
and posibilities for habitants.
20
Problem: taxes
Each polish farmer pay insurance taxes. It doesn’t matter how big is his rural
area or how much he earn. Polish farmers pay this taxes one for three months,
but companies from other sector economy pay one time in month.
Solution: regulation law about taxes
21
In Poland now dominate II pilar of the CAP. Good condition of polish natural
environment (non corruption) is a chance for farmers future.
Commite Agriculture Policy is necessery for develope rural area.
22
Three activities in new way of rural development:
1) Increase the competitiveness of the agriculture sectore through
support for restructuring
2) Improving the environment by supporting land management
3) Improve the quality of life in rural areas; promoting the
divirsification of economic activities through measures aimed
and farmers and other rural policy
23
Polish agriculture in the future:
Rural indications:
- increase mechanization
- increase specialisation
- bigger agricultural areas
- less agriculture subsidies
- more agricultural associations and co-operation between farmers
- increase ecology farms
Social and economy indications:
- increase habitants at the village (live in the village, but work on the cities)
- most of young farmers won’t be stay at farms
- better infrastructure
- increase unemployment on the village, which are far from the city
- increase domestic/families companies, which will be produce a domestic
products
- higher farmer level education
24
Future CAP after 2013 in polish goverment opinion:
-Common Agriculture Policy should therefore retain the currents effective
instruments market intervension. This provide the „safety net” that runs in full
special situaciones. A large drop in prices, more volative prices.
- safety and security food
- sustainable development agriculture and rural areas
- equal condition of competition on the market agriculture
- EU strong competitive position in the global agriculture market
- attempts to renationalization CAP are unacceptable
- shift funds from interventions for promotion as well as the action as sociates
with climate change (droughts, patogens, diseas, rainings)
25
Websides:
-www.minrol.gov.pl (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
-www.arr.gov.pl (Agriculture Market Agency)
-www.arimr.gov.pl (The Agency for Restructuring
-and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARMA)
-www.stat.gov.pl (Central Statistical Office)
-www.piorin.gov.pl (Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection)
- www.coboru.pl (Research Centre for Cultivar Testing)
26
Thank You very much for your attention !
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