Africa Review
STUDY YOUR MAPS!
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Egypt
Nigeria
Kenya
Sudan
South Sudan
DRC
Mediterranean Sea
Lake Victoria
Lake Tanganiyka
Nile River
Congo River
Niger River
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
Which is separated from the coast
by the Atlas Mountains?
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The Sahel
The Sahara Desert
The Kalahari Desert
The equatorial rain forest
Which best describes the Sahara
Desert?
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Perfectly flat and sandy
The largest desert in the world
Impossible for people to go across
Located only in the northwest coast of
Africa
Where is the African Sahel
located?
• Just south of the Sahara
• Along the Mediterranean Coast
• Along the eastern edge by the Indian
Ocean
• In the southern most part of the African
continent.
What is causing the Sahel to
expand in recent years?
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Damming rivers and preventing irrigation
Several years of heavy rains and flooding
Over-grazing and cutting trees for fuel
Government programs have moved too
many people into the area
Which describes the savanna
region?
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Desert
Grassland
Coastal plain
High mountain ranges
Where is the largest area of African
savanna?
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Along the Mediterranean coast
Along the edge of the Sahara Desert
In the extreme north of the continent
In the center of the continent along the
equator
Which is the biggest threat to the
African rainforests today?
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Overpopulation
War and political unrest
Extended periods of drought
Pollution from nuclear power plants
Where is the Kalahari Desert
located?
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Along the equator
In southern Africa
Across Egypt and Sudan
North of the Sahara Desert
Which is the longest river in Africa?
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Nile River
Niger River
Congo River
Amazon River
Congo River is to Atlantic Ocean as
Nile River is to:
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Red Sea
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Which is the largest lake in Africa?
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Lake Chad
Lake Nasser
Lake Victoria
Lake Tanganyika
Which river system flows through
the largest rainforest in Africa?
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Nile River
Niger River
Congo River
White Nile
Which is true of both the Niger
River and Congo River?
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They begin near the Red Sea
They begin near Lake Tanganyika
They flow into the Atlantic Ocean
They flow into the Mediterranean Sea
What is important about the Niger
River delta?
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The delta is poor farming land
The area is rich in oil deposits
The area frequently dries completely up
Few people live in the area around the
delta
What has prevented the Congo from
developing its rich mineral resources?
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Political unrest
No coastline or seaport
Lack of a good transportation system
Small population, with little interest in this
work
Where do most of Egypt’s people
live?
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Along the coast
The Sahara Desert
The Nile River valley
The city of Alexandria
Which makes up a large portion of
Nigeria’s potential wealth?
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Oil reserves
Heavy industry
Cattle production
Commercial agriculture
Why do Nigerians see little from
their country’s oil wealth?
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Political corruption
A weak global market for oil
The poor quality of oil produced
The difficulty in pumping oil from the
ground
Why have the people of South
Sudan suffered terribly in recent
years?
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Outbreaks of small pox
Political and ethnic conflicts
Constant drought and high winds
Flooding from the large river system in that
country
What is one of the major problems
facing those who depend on the Nile
River for their water?
• The Nile River no longer has any fish
• The Nile is too shallow to be used for
transportation.
• The river always dries up during the
summer months
• The water is contaminated by human and
industrial waste.
How did the Aswan High Dam
change Egyptian farming?
• The Dam has allowed year-round irrigation
• The Dam allowed more silt to be washed
down the river
• The Dam has increased the annual
flooding of the Nile River
• Many men were able to give up farming
and work in construction.
What is silt?
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A type of chemical fertilizer
A chemical used to produce electricity
Industrial pollution found in the Nile River
Rich topsoil carried from one location to
another by floodwaters
Continual use of chemical fertilizers
causes what to build up in soil?
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Silt
Salt
Animal waste
Rocks and gravel
Which part of Africa has access to
the Niger River?
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Sahel
Lake Victoria
Sahara Desert
Kalahari Desert
Which best describes a major use
of the Niger River?
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Little used because it is too shallow
Source of much hydroelectric power
Used for transportation and agriculture
Used for irrigation projects in the Sahara
Desert
Which best describes a major use
of the Congo River?
• Irrigation of farmland
• Water only for rainforest animals
• Supplying pipelines to share water with
Egypt
• Transportation of goods and people from
the interior of Africa to the Indian Ocean
What do some people believe
might lead to water wars in Africa?
• Demands to reroute water to the desert
• Competition among countries that share a
river system
• Demands to reroute rivers to supply water
to the rainforest
• United Nations decrees telling African
nations how to share water
Why do some governments ignore
pollution of major rivers and
waterways?
• They want the industries to be profitable
• The people of most countries do not care
about pollution
• Industries always have plans in place to
clean up pollution
• Most government officials do not
recognize pollution as a problem
What destroyed grassland and forests
that were once found in the Sahel?
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Years of heavy flooding
The development of factories
Continuous farming and overgrazing
Repeated use by nomads and camel
caravans
Why are droughts a problem for
farmers in the Sahel?
• Animals move into the desert to find water
• The desert stops expanding when there is
rain in the Sahel
• The soil is of poor quality and dry
conditions result in fewer crops
• People do not try to farm in the Sahel any
more due to the increased rainfall
Which is a result of desertification for the
people living in the Sahel region?
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Increased tourism
More jobs in manufacturing
Increased starvation and poverty
Decreased support from the United
Nations
Which has been a major cause of
desertification?
• Years of uncontrolled flooding
• Overuse of the land by the people
• Heavy seasonal winds coming off the
desert
• Sharp and unexpected changes in the
climate
What African country is losing its
rainforest rapidly today?
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Egypt
Congo
Kenya
Nigeria
Why is most rainforest area lost
today?
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Unchecked forest fires
Harsh drought and high winds
Diseases that attack old growth trees
Logging for industry, farming, and fuel
Which is the location of most
desertification in southern Africa?
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Sahel
Sahara Desert
Kalahari Desert
Tropical Rainforest
What is meant by the “Great Line”
when one is talking about
desertification?
• The line between the desert and the
cultivated areas
• The line dividing rural and urban
neighborhoods
• The point in a river at which pollution
begins
• A barrier up around factories to keep
people away for their own safety
Which phrase best describes the
Sahara region?
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Hot, dry desert
Rolling grassland
Tropical rainforest
Scattered grassland and scrub brush
What is a nomad?
• Plantation owners who live along the coast
• Industrial workers who live in African cities
• One who wanders from place to place to
find food and water
• Those who live and farm in the villages at
the edge of a desert
What were two of the most important trade
goods carried across the Sahara Desert by
caravan?
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Iron and silver
Gold and salt
Gold and silver
Spices and wood
What is the name for a desert area
that gets some rainfall or where
there is a spring?
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Nomad
Oasis
Savanna
Tuarag
What phrase best describes the
Sahel?
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Rolling grasslands and low hills
An area that borders the desert
A desert made up of high sand dunes
Cleared land that was once rainforest
Why is farming so difficult in the
African Sahel?
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No rain falls in the Sahel at all
Thick grass makes farming difficult
Rainfall can vary widely from year to year
Farm animals in the Sahel eat up all the
crops
What is the most common way
people make a living in the Sahel?
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Logging
Fishing and shipbuilding
Caravan trade in gold and salt
Herding and subsistence farming
Which phrase best describes the
savanna?
• A semi-arid region south of the Sahara
Desert
• An area of harsh desert in the north of the
continent
• Grasslands making up half of the African
continent
• An area of fertile plain along the
Mediterranean coast
Which is found on the African
savanna?
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A heavy jungle canopy
A wide variety of animals
Dry areas with just an occasional oasis
Lots of commercial logging businesses
Which is the greatest danger for
the African savanna today?
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Seasonal fires
Logging industries
The annual droughts
Activities of people
What are some African countries
trying to do to protect the savanna?
• Setting land aside as national parks
• Setting up zoos for the animals that are
threatened
• Stopping all commercial logging in central
Africa
• Refusing to let people move into the
savanna area
What phrase best describes the
rainforest?
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Hot and dry desert
Semi-arid farmland
Rolling grassy plains
Humid and warm with thick vegetation
In what part of Africa is the largest
rainforest found?
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The Nile River basin
The Niger River basin
The Congo River basin
The Mediterranean coast
Beginning in the 1800’s, what did
European nations do that affected
the African rainforest?
• Cleared land for great plantations
• Passed laws protecting rainforest from
development
• Moved Europeans with no homes to land
in the rainforest
• Helped African nomads relocate to the
desert to farms in the rainforest
What is the definition of
deforestation?
• Eliminating a species of an animal
• Creating nature preserves to protect
forests
• Cutting down and clearing trees from the
area
• Forcing people to move from cities into
traditional villages
What does it mean if a plant or
animal becomes extinct?
• It begins to smell very bad
• That type of animal can be used for food
• That type of animal becomes too
numerous
• There are no more of that type of plant or
animal in the world
What is a factor in the destruction
of the rainforest?
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Annual grass fires
Areas of decreasing desert
Rapidly growing population
Decreased use of wood as fuel
Which would be an example of an
ethnic group?
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People who grow similar food
People who share a language or religion
People who share a belief in a god or gods
People who like to read the same literature
What would be an example of a
religious group?
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People who grow similar food
People who share a language or religion
People who share a belief in a god or gods
People who like to read the same literature
What religion did the Arabs bring
with them to Africa?
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Islam
Judaism
Animism
Christianity
Why was learning Arabic important
for those who became Muslim?
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The Quran is written in Arabic
Arabic is an easy language to learn
Arabic was the only written language
Muslims are required to speak only Arabic
Where are Muslims found in Africa
today?
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Only in the north
Only in the Sahel
Throughout Africa
Few Muslims live in Africa
In which country do most Ashanti
live?
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Egypt
Kenya
Ghana
Morocco
What is the significance of the
Golden Stool for the Ashanti
people?
• It symbolizes the power of the Ashanti
people
• The stool was meant to encourage equal
rights for all
• The Ashanti would become rich making
furniture and household goods
• The Ashanti people could not worship if
they were sitting on the Golden Stool
Those who practice the traditional
Ashanti religion
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Use the Quran as their holy book
Believe there is one supreme god
Believe that Jesus is the son of God
Must pray facing Mecca five times a day
What are the main religions of the
Ashanti people today?
• A traditional religion and Hinduism
• A belief in Judaism and Christianity
• A traditional Ashanti religion, Christianity
and Islam
• There is little formal practice of religion
among the Ashanti today
What best describes the Bantu
people?
• The Bantu people are nomadic people in
the Sahara desert
• The Bantu are a separate race in the
northern part of the African continent
• The Bantu live only in cities and towns,
none of them farm or herd animals
anymore
• They are many different people who share
a related language and some culture
Why is the Bantu migration so
important to the study of Africa?
• The Bantu migration led to the first
settlements in the Sahara
• The migration was forced by the African
governments in the north
• The Bantu migration covered a large
expanse of the African continent
• During the Bantu migration, the people
refused to intermarry with Arabs or
Muslims
Which describes the religion of the
Bantu people?
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Most as Muslims
Most Bantu practice Animism
Nearly all Bantu are Christians
The Bantu practice a wide variety of
religions
Where are the majority of Swahili
people found?
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The Sahel
East Africa
North Africa
South Africa
The Swahili language is a mixture
of Bantu and
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Muslim
Ashanti
Arabic
English
What does the word Swahili mean
in Arabic?
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Forest dweller
Nomad wanderer
One who herds animals
One who lives on the coast
What religion is most common
among the Swahili people?
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Islam
Buddhism
Hinduism
Christianity
What are the “mila” that are part of
Swahili belief?
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Spirits that can possess a person
Special foods eaten on the holidays
Rituals of the pilgrimage to Mecca
Prayers that must be said five times a day
How do literacy rates for men and
women compare in most countries
in Africa?
• It costs more for a country to educate
women
• Most women do not want to go to school
• There is very little difference in the literacy
rates for men and women
• In nearly all the countries women have a
lower literacy rate than men
In a unitary form of government,
who holds most of the power?
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Individual voters
Local governments
Central government
Central and local governments
In a federal system of government,
who holds most of the power?
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The president
The local government
Central government
Central and local governments
In a confederation government
system who holds most of the
power?
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Individual voters
Local governments
Central government
Central and local governments
In an autocracy, who makes most
of the important governmental
decisions?
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The courts
The people
An individual ruler
An elected legislature
Which describes the decision
makers in an oligarchy?
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Voting citizens
Judges and lawyers
A king and his family
A group of powerful leaders
Why do the individual voters have more
power in a democracy than they do in
an autocracy or an oligarchy?
• Kings are always cruel rulers
• The People play a role in deciding who
rules
• All of the power stays in the hands of local
governments
• Voters in democratic countries always
choose qualified leaders
Which branch of government is responsible
for making and carrying out the laws in a
parliamentary system of government?
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Courts
Monarch
President
Legislature
What is the leader of a parliamentary
system most often called?
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King
Prime Minister
Governor
President
Which BEST describes the two
predominant forms of a democratic
government?
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Dictatorship and republican
Presidential and dictatorship
Presidential and confederate
Presidential and parliamentary
Who chooses the country’s leader
in a parliamentary form of
government?
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The monarch
Popular vote by the people
Decision by the national courts
The party with the most representatives in
the legislature
Which BEST describes a head of
state in a parliamentary
government system?
• Person who has no role in government
• Ceremonial figure without much actual
power
• The most powerful person in the national
government
• One who can veto or cancel laws passed
by the legislature
Which branch of government
passes laws in a presidential
system of government?
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Judicial
Executive
Legislative
Bureaucracy
In a presidential system of
government how is a president
chosen?
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Separately from the legislature
By a decision of the national courts
By a majority vote of the legislature
By the political party with the most
representatives in the legislature
What is the role of the president
regarding laws passed by the
legislature?
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Enforce the laws
Change the laws he does not like
Sends the laws to the state for approval
Laws passed by the legislature do not
have to the president for approval
What is one main difference between a
president and a prime minister?
• A prime minister has more power than a
president
• A president has to be elected while a prime
minister does not
• A prime minister does not belong to a particular
political party, while a president always does
• A president is separate from the legislature,
while a prime minister answers directly to the
legislature
Which term correctly defines
apartheid?
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Ruled by a king
A two-house legislature
Legal separation of races
Ruled by European colonial country
Why are literacy rates for girls lower
than those for boys in Africa?
• Very few schools have been opened for
girls in many countries in Africa
• Girls have shown they cannot do
schoolwork as easily as boys
• Most girls in African countries have no
interest in going to school
• Traditional views say that girls should be
married rather than educated
What would be the correct
definition of a dowry?
• The gifts wedding guests give to the bride
and groom
• Money paid to the government to get a
marriage license
• The household goods a bride must give
the groom’s family
• Money or gifts given by the groom to the
bride’s family
Many of the girls who go to school
in Sudan are only allowed to study
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Military subjects
Religious subjects
Housekeeping skills
Languages and reading
Which of these does NOT play a
role in the spread of HIV/AIDS?
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Poverty
Poor health care system
Lack of government organization
Programs for prevention and treatment
What often happens to the children
of those infected with HIV/AIDS?
• AIDS never infects the children of victims
• All these children are taken care of by the
state government
• Many of these children become orphans
• All children born to victims have the virus
as well
Why don’t more Africans infected with
HIV/AIDS take the antiretroviral drugs that
can slow down the progress of the disease?
• The drugs are too expensive for most
Africans
• These drugs are not for sale in Africa
• These drugs do not seem to work on
African patients
• Western drug companies will not accept
African currency as payment
How do political conflicts
sometimes lead to famine?
• Crops never seem to grow well in times of
war
• Conflicts disrupt farming and little food is
produced
• Political leaders order farmers to stop work
in times of conflict
• Political conflicts rarely have any
significant effect on food production
In a traditional economy, how are
economic decisions made?
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Custom and habit
Government leaders
Consumers and planners
Combination of consumers and producers
What would be a problem for a
community with a traditional
economy?
• People in the village find ways to make their
products more efficiently
• The price of advanced electronics, like
computers begins to rise rapidly
• People in the country begin to want and need
products that cannot be made or traded locally
• Older villagers take on younger workers to learn
to make the products they have been producing
In a command economy, how are
economic decisions made?
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Custom and habit
Government planners
Consumers and the market
Combination of consumers and planners
Which would be a problem in a
command economy?
• People would get rich
• Local crafts would be produced before
manufactured goods
• A worker trying to start a new business on
his or her own would need permission
• Individual business people would risk their
own money to produce goods
In a market economy, how are
economic decisions made?
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Custom and habit
Government planners
Consumers and the market
Individuals starting new businesses
Who takes on the financial risk in starting a
new business in a market economy?
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Combination of planners and investors
Government planners
Consumers
Individuals starting new businesses
Why are most modern economies
referred to as mixed economies?
• Poverty is always highest in countries with
market economies
• Government planners do not know how to
handle economic problems
• Products made by traditional economies
have no markets in the modern world
• Most countries have aspects of all three
economic types at work in their economies
Why do most economies in the world today
operate somewhere between a market
economy and a command economy?
• Most economies have found they need a mix of
free market and some government control to be
successful and protect consumers
• Government control always makes a market
economy profitable
• Most consumers prefer government control to a
free market system
• Government control of some aspects of the
economy has never been successful in the
modern world
What is South Africa’s main export?
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Oil
Textiles
Gold and diamonds
Agricultural products
What is Nigeria’s main export?
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Oil
Textiles
Gold and diamonds
Agricultural products
Why is specialization so valuable in
international trade today?
• Most countries can make only one product
very well
• Specialization limits the amount of
agriculture a country allows
• Specialization always keeps the prices low
on goods that are imported into a country
• Specialization allows people to do a more
efficient job at producing what they make
best and trade for the things they want
What is a tariff?
• A tax paid by the purchaser when the
goods are sold
• A tax placed on goods coming into one
country from another
• A tax placed on goods made by local
craftsmen or manufacturers
• A fee paid when goods are shipped from
one state to another in the United States
What is a quota?
• A limit on the amount of foreign goods
allowed into a country
• A tax placed on imported goods when they
enter the country
• A decision to prevent certain goods from
being imported at all
• A tax placed on goods when they are
purchased in the market place
What is an embargo?
• A tax placed in goods coming into the
country from overseas
• A limit on the amount of certain goods
allowed into the country
• A tax placed on the producer before he
can sell his goods in another country
• A halt to trade with a particular country for
economic or political reasons
How could a huge tariff on imported grain
help the people in the country charging the
tariff?
• The grain process would be lower if tariffs
were in place
• Local grain would always be of a higher
quality than grain from other countries
• Local grain would be more plentiful
because it was grown closer to the market
• Local famers would be able to sell their
grain since it would be cheaper than
imported grain
Why did a number of countries of
the United Nations have an
embargo on South Africa?
• South Africa refused to take part in
international trade
• They wanted South Africa to end its
system of apartheid
• Some were hoping for better oil deals from
the South African government
• They wanted South Africa to lower the
world price of gold and diamonds
Why is a system of currency
exchange necessary for
international trade?
• Nearly all world currencies are worthless
on the world market
• Those buying goods on the world market
want to be paid in gold and silver
• Most goods bought on the international
market must be paid for in US dollars
• There must be a way to pay for goods
purchased from countries with different
types of currencies
Which is part of a country’s human
capital?
• Skills and knowledge workers have
• Taxes collected from a country’s workers
• Money paid to workers for producing
goods
• The amount of goods sold in foreign trade
in a year
What accounts for the high
unemployment rate in South Africa?
• Grain production requires few workers
• The government does not provide free
public education
• Unemployed black workers are still feeling
the effects of the apartheid system
• South Africa’s industries use only foreign
workers who put local people out of work
What is the gross domestic product
(GDP)?
• Total value of goods and services
produced by a country in a year
• The amount collected in taxes from the
people of a country in one year
• The value of all the goods and services
produced by small shops and individually
owned businesses in a country
• The value of all the products a country
buys from foreign nations in a year
If a country does not invest in its
human capital how can it affect the
country’s GDP?
• Investment in human capital has little
effect on a country’s GDP
• GDP is only affected if workers pay for the
investment out of their pockets
• Most workers want to keep their jobs just
as they are and do not care about GDP
• GDP may go down because poorly trained
workers will not be able to do their jobs
well
What are capital goods?
• The workers who make the goods and
services
• The factories and machines used to make
goods
• Money spent to train workers to use new
technology
• Money available for scholarships to
graduate schools
What happens to much of the
money earned from the sale of
African gold?
• The profits go back to the citizens of South
Africa
• The money is divided up among the
citizens of South Africa
• All the profits make up bonuses for the
gold company executives
• The money goes to pay for weapons used
in wars and civil conflicts
How are profits from diamonds
being used today in many African
countries?
• Profits fund military supplies for the civil
wars
• Money is used to pay for environmental
clean-up programs
• The money is used to make improvements
in educational facilities
• Surplus grain is bought and imported for
hungry people in these countries
Which best describes an
entrepreneur?
• A business person
• Business person who tries not to take risks
with their money
• Someone who is always successful in
whatever he attempts
• Someone who is willing to take a risk to
begin a new business
Which BEST describes income?
• Money borrowed from a credit union
• Money you earn working or investing
• Credit offered on the basis of a person’s
salary
• Taxes paid to the government based on
annual salary
What is the definition of savings?
• Money sent to the government as taxes
• Money used to pay off loan obligations
• Money left over after buying what is
needed and wanted
• Money used to buy things one needs like
food and shelter
Which is a plan for saving and
spending?
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A will
A budget
A savings account
A checking account
The ability to borrow money is
called
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Credit
Savings
Investments
Mutual funds
Credit becomes a problem when
• Banks begin to issue their own credit
cards
• Credit is used to pay for things like college
tuition
• Credit card companies offer people
additional credit cards
• A person cannot find the money to pay
their monthly bills
Why did Europeans take an interest in the
African continent after the discovery of the
New World?
• They were engaged in the slave trade
• They wanted to control African industry
• They wanted African agricultural products
• They were invited to help organize African
educational systems
Why did the European countries eventually
set up colonies in Africa?
• They wanted to bring African laborers to
Europe
• They needed the raw material found on
the African continent
• Africans invited them in to develop their
natural resources
• They wanted to help African nations settle
ethnic and tribal disputes
Why did many of the boundaries of
the new African states created after
WW II cause problems?
• The boundaries split tribes and kinship
groups
• All of the boundaries carefully followed the
paths of rivers
• All of the new countries were too large to
rule effectively
• Europeans drew the boundaries so they
could keep all the mineral wealth to
themselves
Which European country first
colonized South Africa?
•
•
•
•
France
Germany
Great Britain
The Netherlands
When Great Britain took over South Africa
and the Dutch settlers moved farther north,
which African group fought that expansion?
•
•
•
•
Zulus
Berbers
Ashanti
Mau Mau
What valuable natural resources
were found in South Africa after the
British took control of the country?
•
•
•
•
Coal and iron
Salt and silver
Oil and natural gas
Gold and diamonds
Which organization was formed to
work for equality in the country of
South Africa?
•
•
•
•
African Union
Pan African Congress
African National Congress
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
What is the apartheid system?
•
•
•
•
Equality for all
Segregation of races
Constitutional monarchy
Western style democracy
What was significant about Nelson
Mandela’s election to political office
in South Africa in 1994?
• He was the first black president of South
Africa
• He was elected as a representative of the
Zulu nation
• He united the Zulu and Ashanti people in
order to win the election
• He was the overwhelming choice of British
citizens living in South Africa
What percent of the population of
South Africa was black when that
country achieved independence?
•
•
•
•
20%
40%
50%
70%
What decision did South African President F.
W. deKlerk eventually make about the
country’s apartheid laws?
• He added many new and even harsher
laws
• He began to recommend that the laws be
repealed
• He lifted segregation restrictions on those
living in South African cities
• He worked to spread apartheid laws to
nations neighboring South Africa
What was Nelson Mandela’s attitude toward
the people who had been responsible for the
old government of South Africa?
• Many of the old leaders were sent to jail
on his orders
• He turned the leaders over to the United
Nations for punishment
• He tried to have all the old government
officials exiled to other countries
• He felt the different races needed to try to
work together in the new government
The main goal of the Pan-African
movement was to
• End any support for the African National
Congress
• Immediately overthrow all of the ruling
governments in Africa
• Get all African nations to become
members of the United Nations
• Get Africans to think of themselves as one
people and to work together