Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act convergence with Agriculture
Programmes
Dr Nilay Ranjan
Rural Development and Convergence Expert
UNDP-MORD, Technical Cell
Presentation Overview
Indian Agriculture-salient features
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) Overview
 MGNREGA & convergence
 Initiatives taken by the states government

Indian Agriculture: Salient Features

18% share of Agriculture in GDP

60% population dependent on Agriculture

121 million farm holdings (2001)

Average size of operational holding: 1.3 ha.

82% of operational holdings small & marginal
hectares)

60% of cultivated area is rainfed

18% landless agriculture labour
(less than 2
Agricultural Growth
Tot al GDP
Agricult ure GDP
(Per cent)
15
10
5
0
4.9 5.7
3.6 5.7
6.7 5.5
2.1
3.1 4.7
6.0
7.8
2.5
9.4 9.6
5.9
9.0
4.5
3.8
Vth VIth VIIth VIIIth IXth Xth 2005- 2006- 2007Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan 06 07 08
Despite rising output, per capita availability of food grains has actually declined
in the last ten years - from 500 gm a day in 1997 to about 400 gm a day currently.
Agriculture Growth:
More Adversely Affected in Rainfed Areas
State
Growth rate in
NSDP
Agriculture
Rainfed
%
Gujarat
5.09
0.48
64
Rajasthan
5.52
0.30
70
32
Orissa
1.18
0.11
73
3.63
-0.23
74
Punjab
4.00
2.16
3
Haryana
4.60
1.98
17
1.87
%
1995/6
to
2004/5
1995/6
to
2004/5
2.82
Rainfed
1984/
5 to
1995/
6
1984/5
to
1995/6
Uttar Pradesh
State
Growth rate in
NSDP
Agriculture
Tamil Nadu
4.95
-1.36
49
Madhya
Pradesh
West Bengal
4.63
2.67
49
Karnataka
3.92
0.03
75
6.66
0.10
83
-1.71
3.51
52
Maharashtr
a
Andhra
Pradesh
3.18
2.69
59
Kerala
3.60
-3.54
85
All India
3.62
1.85
60
Assam
1.65
0.95
86
Bihar
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act & Objectives
1.
2.
3.
Providing wage employment
opportunities
Creating sustainable rural
livelihoods through rejuvenation
of natural resource base i.e.
augmenting productivity and
supporting creation of durable
assets
Strengthening rural governance
through decentralisation and
processes of transparency and
accountability
An Act to provide for
the enhancement of
livelihood security of
the households in rural
areas of the country
by providing at least
one hundred days of
Guaranteed wage
employment in every
financial year to every
household
NREGA: Salient Features
Right based Framework
Time bound Guarantee of Employment
Labour Intensive Works
Payment of Wages through their Bank / Post Office accounts.
Payment in any case not later than a
fortnight
Decentralisation: PRIs
will have a principal role in planning, monitoring and implementation, GPs will
execute at least 50% of works
Women empowerment:
At least one-third of the workers should be women
Transparency & Accountability
 Proactive disclosure of information
 Social Audit by the Gram Sabha is mandatory
Ombudsman to be set up
Use of Information Technology
A Web enabled MIS www.nrega.nic.in for monitoring, decision making and transparency
Nature of Works
Community Lands









Water conservation
Water harvesting
Irrigation
Drought proofing
Plantation &
Afforestation
Renovation of water bodies
Desilting of tanks & canals
Flood control measures
Rural connectivity
Private Lands
of SC/ST/IAY/Land Reform
beneficiaries/BPL farmers
Small & marginal farmers account for
80% of land- holdings & operate 40%
of cultivated land



Land Development
Irrigation facilities
Horticulture Plantation
National Overview
(FY 2006-07)
200 Districts
Households Employment provided :
PERSONDAYS [in Crore]
Total:
SCs:
STs:
Women:
Others:
Average personday per household
FINANCIAL DETAIL
Budget Outlay (In Rs Crore):
Central Release (In Rs Crore):
Total available fund with States [including OB]: In
Rs. Crore.
Expenditure (In Rs. Crore.)
Average wage per day
Average cost per day
WORKS DETAIL
Total works taken up (In Lakhs):
Works completed:
Water conservation:
Provision of Irrigation facility to land owned by
SC/ST/ BPL/ S & MF and IAY benificiaries:
Rural Connectivity:
Land Development:
Bharat Nirman Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra
Any other activity:
(FY 2007-08)
330 Districts
(FY 2008-09)
615 Districts
(FY 2009-10)
619 Districts
(FY 2010-11)
625 Districts upto
Sep 2010
2.10 Crore
3.39 Crore
4.51 Crore
5.25 Crore
3.52
90.5
22.95 [25%]
32.98 [36%]
36.79 [41%]
34.56 [38%]
43 Days
143.59
39.36 [27%]
42.07 [29%]
61.15 [43%]
62.16 [43%]
42 Days
216.32
63.36 [29%]
55.02 [25%]
103.57 [48%]
97.95 [45%]
48 Days
282.58
86.31 [31%]
58.57 [21%]
137.40 [49%]
137.69 [49%]
54 Days
115.03
26.15 [23%]
19.51 [17%]
59.61 [52%]
69.38 [60%]
33 Days
11300
8640.85
12073.55
12000
12610.39
19305.81
30000
29939.60
37397.06
39100
33506.61
49529.99
40100
22488.16
36126.07
8823.35
Rs. 65
Rs. 97
15856.89
Rs. 75
Rs. 110
27250.10
Rs. 84
Rs. 126
37938.16
Rs. 91
Rs. 134
15133.48
Rs. 96
Rs. 132
8.35
3.87
4.51 [54%]
0.81 [10%]
17.88
8.22
8.73 [49 %]
2.63 [15 %]
27.75
12.14
12.79 [46%]
5.67 [20%]
46.01
20.94
23.33 [51%]
7.77 [17%]
63.45
1.46
32.23 [51%]
7.17 [11%]
1.80 [21%]
0.89 [11%]
0.34 [4%]
3.08 [17 %]
2.88 [16%]
0.56 [3%]
5.03 [18%]
3.98 [15%]
0.28 [1%]
7.63 [17%] 13.50 [21%]
6.29 [14%]
7.93 [13%]
0.17 9[0.27%]
0.98 [2%]
2.44 [4%]
Highest Priority to Water Conservation in Choice of Works
under NREGA: Financial Year 2010-11 upto sep, 10
Flood Control and Protection
9%
3%
Water Conservation and Water
Harvesting
6%
27%
8%
1%
Provision of Irrigation facility to
Land Owned by SC/ST/BPL/ IAY
Beneficiaries
Rural Connectivity
Land Development
Others
13%
Drought Proofing (Afforestation
& Plantation)
16%
Micro Irrigation Works
16%
Renovation of Traditional Water
bodies
NATIONAL
Share of works on private lands
[provision of irrigation facilities to land owned by SC/SC/IAY/BPL/Small and
Marginal Farmer beneficiaries]
25
20
15
10
5
0
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
NREGA: Positive Trends






Increase in Agriculture Minimum Wages and wage earned per day and
annual income. Bargaining power of labour has increased
Earnings per HH has increased from Rs 2795 in 2006-’07 to Rs 3150 in
2007-’08 to Rs 4060 in 2008-’09 and about Rs 3500 in the current FY,
5000 in 2009-10
Financial Inclusion: 9.3 crore accounts opened
Distress migration has reduced in many parts
“Green Jobs” created as 70% works relate to water conservation, waterharvesting, restoration, renovation and desilting of water bodies,
drought-proofing, plantation & afforestation
Productivity effects of NREGA reported
- Improvement in ground water
- Improved agricultural productivity & cropping intensity
- Livelihood diversification in rural areas.
12
Inter-sectoral Convergence for creation of Durable and
Productive Assets
From mere wage employment to sustainable rural
livelihoods
 From unskilled to skilled labour through knowledge
& technology input, training & capacity building in
productivity increases, water-use efficiency,
backward–forward linkages
 Significant productivity increases could be
stimulated by NREGA on holdings of small and
marginal farmers in rainfed areas

Parameters for Convergence


A process that brings together on-going schemes
Guidelines are a broad facilitating framework

Parameters of NREG Act and Guidelines as well as the
guidelines of the other development Schemes with which
convergence is attempted are not altered.

Convergence is expected to create value addition through
resource and activity synergies as well as infusion of technology
input and professional quality in planning and implementation
Joint monitoring of Convergence
Convergence at planning, management and works level


14
14
14
Joint Guidelines on convergence of MGNREGS with
specific programmes & schemes
Ministry of Agriculture -- Indian Council of Agricultural
Research
 Ministry of Environment and Forest
 Ministry of Water Resources
 Department of Land Resources
 Pradhan mantri Gram Sadak Yojana – Rural Roads
 SGSY (Department of Rural Development)
 Ministry of Agriculture
Convergence Guidelines with Schemes of Ministry of Tribal
Affairs and watershed under progress
Pilots Projects on convergence in selected districts taken up
like action research identifying further possibilities and upscaling.
Funding will be through MGNREGA and concerned
programmes



15
MGNREGS and Schemes of Ministry of Agriculture
NREGA works catalyse agricultural development through:
•
Additional land under irrigation/cultivation
• Improved soil fertility and moisture conservation
• Convergence with NHM, RKVY, NFSM, Fisheries etc
• Growth in consumption of agricultural inputs through increased
household earnings
So huge potential exists for NREGA convergence with agriculture and
allied programmes such as;
• National Horticulture Mission
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
• National Food Security Mission
• Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Development
• National Agriculture Innovation Project
• Intensive Dairy Development Programme
16
MGNREG Convergence with RKVY
• Developing of rain fed farming systems in and outside watershed
areas, as also integrated development of watershed areas, wastelands,
river valleys
•Activities relating to enhancement of horticulture production and
popularization of micro irrigation systems;
•Collection and processing of neem seeds as part of Integrated Pest
Management
• Promote Organic farming through extensive composting and recycling
of solid waste
• Seed production, packing and processing in common and community
lands
• Common post harvest facilities for threshing, storage and labour
intensive processing
17
MGNREGS with National Food Security Mission
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
The objective of the Mission
• Increase production of rice, wheat and pulses through area expansion
and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in the
identified districts
• Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level
• Creation of employment opportunities; and enhancing farm level
economy ( i.e. farm profits) to restore confidence amongst the
farmers.
Value addition to NREGS work through NFSM
Individual land holding cultivators benefiting under NREGS should be
included under NFSM on priority, for value addition through sharing
of information: Critical role of ATMA
18
MGNREGS and Scheme on Development of Inland
fisheries and aquaculture
Activities under Fisheries schemes
i) Construction of new ponds
ii) Reclamation/Renovation of ponds/tanks
iii) Fish Seed Hatchery
iv) Aerators/Pumps
v) Training of fish farmers
vi) Provision of soil and water testing kits to each FFDA
Activities that may be undertaken under NREGS
I and ii
Convergence with Programmes of Ministry of Forest and
Environment and MGNREGS for Eco restoration






Root stock regeneration, new plantation and
Silvipasture
Fencing
Land Development to rehabilitate degraded forest
Forest fair weather Roads
Water Conservation
National Afforestation Programme
Implementation agencies: Joint Forest Management
Committees
20
Convergence of Programmes of Ministry of Water
Resources
For Effective Water conservation and efficient Water use
 Artificial Recharge of Ground Water through Dug well
 Repair, Renovation and Restoration of water bodies directly linked to
Agriculture/ Aquaculture
 Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme
 Flood Management Programme
 Farmer’s Participation Action Research Programme
 Command Area Development & Water Management Programme
 Value Addition: The work of Canal plantation and Canal fair weather
road may be carried out under NREGA as value addition.
21
21
Convergence with Watershed Programmes
Guidelines Issued
Project of a village to be prepared on Watershed approach
Delineation of Watershed as per Common guidelines for Watershed
 Under NREGA, the size can be an area of the village matching micro
watershed i.e. nearly 250 to 500 hectares.
 Gap Filling through NREGA
a) Areas treated under Watershed Development programme but not saturated
because of insufficient cost norms.
b) Difficult areas, being treated under the watershed Development
programme, where the revised cost norms is also not sufficient to saturate
the area.
c) New areas; neither yet treated nor planned under watershed programme
and where works are to be planned on watershed approach under NREGA.

22
Triggering Green Revolution in Rainfed Areas

Green Revolution bypassed the rainfed areas. Agriculture Development Programmes
and MGNREGS converged have potential to become a life-support system in the
rainfed areas

Most MGNREGA works contribute directly or indirectly to agricultural development

Convergence of MGNREGA with agriculture and allied sectors is possible across the
value chain;
o
Pre-production - Soil and water conservation projects form bulk of MGNREGA
works
o
Production phase – Weed control in common lands, community nurseries for
planting material
o
Post harvest – Common threshing floors, village roads for connectivity to markets,
composting post harvest waste
Convergence of MGNREGS with Schemes of Ministry of Agriculture can
improve soil health & water conservation
23
Non -Negotiables in work execution:
Only Job Card holders to be employed for
NREGA component.
 Muster rolls to be maintained on work site,
with copies in the gram panchayat and to
be electronically maintained on
nrega.nic.in
 Social Audits to be done through
gramsabhas.
 Wage payments will be through no frills
accounts in banks/post office

24
Working models, convergence
Working Model: Orissa, Mayurbhanj, Ganjam
Convergence: Model I
Community Tank
under NREGS
Fishery through
SHGs
Horticulture
& Plantation
Irrigation &
Water
Conservation
Convergence: Model II
Irrigation
Watershed
Development
under NREGS
Fishery through
the SHGs
Social
Forestry
Plantation
&
Horticulture
Animal
Husbandry
Soil and Water
Conservation
Convergence: Model III
Rural
Connectivity
under NREGS
Water
Conservation
Plantation
Conversion into
Pucca Road
through PMGSY
Selected Villages in Mayurbhanj District
Identified Villages/GPs for MGNREGS Convergence in Mayurbhanj District and Activities undertaken
S.N.
1
2
3
4
Name of Block
Morada
Bangiriposi
Samakhunta
Kuliana
Name of Gram
Panchayts(GPs)
Village
Major Activities
Departments involved
(i) Farm Pond-HorticulturePisciculture-Poultry-irrigation
(ii) Community TankPisciculture-Horticulture-Irrigation
(i) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK,
Agriculture
(ii) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK,
Agriculture, SGSY
Sureidihi
Chakundapada
Bhaliadiha
Kalarafulia
Farm Pond-Horticulture-PisciculturePoultry-irrigation
Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture
Surisapal
Kanchinda
Farm Pond-Horticulture-Piscicultureirrigation
Horticulture, Fishery, Agriculture
Budhikhamari
Budhikhamari
Community Tank-Fishery-Horticulture
Fishery, Horticulture, Veterinary
(i) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK,
Agriculture
(ii) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK,
Agriculture
Paikabasa
Harischandrapur
(i) Farm Pond-HorticulturePisciculture-Poultry-irrigation
(ii) Community TankPisciculture-Horticulture-Irrigation
Rangamatia
Kundalbani
Farm Pond-Pisciculture-irrigation
Baiganabadia
Balipal
Farm Pond-Horticulture-PisciculturePoultry-irrigation
Horticulture, Fishery, KVK,
Agriculture, SGSY
Nodhana
Nodhana
Farm Pond-Horticulture-PisciculturePoultry-irrigation
Horticulture, Fishery, KVK,
Agriculture, SGSY
Fishery, Agriculture
Selected Villages in Ganjam Districts
Identified Villages/GPs for MGNREGS Convergence in Ganjam District and Activities undertaken
S.No
Name of Block
Name of Gram
Panchayts
(GPs)
Village
Major Activities
Departments involved
Hinjlicut
Saru
Saru
Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation
Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture,
KVK
Darubhadra
Darubhadra
Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation
Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture,
KVK
Biswanathpur
Biswanathpur
Tank-Irrigation-Plantation-Rural
connectivity
Horticulture, Irrigation, Fishery,
Agriculture-KVK
Chikrada
Chikrada
Tank-PlantationPiscicultur-/Horticulture
Fisheries, Horticulture, Irrigation,
Agriculture-KVK
Sheragada
Ramagiri
Tank-Plantation
Fisheries, Horticulture, AgricultureKVK
Karadakana
Karadakana
Tank-Poultry farm-Rural connectivityPlantation
Fisheries, Horticulture, AgricultureKVK
T. Govindpur
Khaprabar
Rural connectivity-Tank-Watershed
Development- Forestry-Plantation
Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries,
Forest, Water Resources,
Agriculture-KVK,
Singipur
Harina
Rural Connectivity- Tank-PlantationWatershed DevelopmentHorticulture-Forestry
Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries,
Forest, Water Resources,
Agriculture-KVK
.
1
2
3
4
Rangeilunda
Sheragada
Sana-Khemundi
Major Findings:
Perceptions of Line Department Officials
Difficulties Faced by the Line
Departments
FISH. DEPT
FOREST DEPT
MI DEPT
LACK OF CORDINATION AND
INFORMATION
LACK OF PROPER PLANNING
WR DEPT

LACK OF COOPERATION FROM
PRIs
LACK OF COORDINATION
PR DEPT









Total




Model Convergence




Khaprabar village under T. Gobindpur Panchayat
Tribal Village consisting of 20 households
Major Occupation:
 Cultivation
 Forest collection
Convergence Initiative: Fish Pond, Irrigation, Plantation,
Horticulture
Model Convergence

Fish Pond
Model Convergence

Paddy Field and Fruit Bearing Trees
Good Practices & Innovations
35
Banaskanttha District
Infrastructure Development:
• Open/close drainage line
• Stone pitching in pond (On going)
Livelihood:
• Horticulture through waste water
management
Banaskantha District @ Vadgam @ village Meetha
36
•Asset/s Created: Horticulture and Seasonal
Vegetable Plantation
•Immediate Benefits: Employment generation
•Asset Durability: Very high
•Possible Impact: Livelihood
enhancement, Promotion of recycling
technology and wasteland development
The farmers can easily earn Rs. 4000-6000 per month
Dang District @ Ahawa @ village Shamgatan
37
•
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence Activity: Bhagat Udyan
Convergence Dept.: Forest
Asset/s Created: Plantations of Indigenous Medicines
Immediate Benefits: Assured employment for the poor,
assured wages, recycling of resources
Asset Durability: Very high
Possible Impact: Livelihood enhancement, Promotion and
conservation of indigenous medicines
and practices
Replicable Success Stories/Good Practices

Plantation in Chaukati Village
Plantation at Nakati Hills

A Privately Owned Nursery under NREGA in village Kayethapara

Water Conservation Tank in Srijangram
Development Block

Construction of earthen bundh and
palliative measures at eroded portion at
Char area
Construction of bundh from Champa
bridge to Baghmara village with cross
drainage
•
Plantation of Banana in Alukhanda Village
Pineapple Plantation in Mulagaon GP
Kerala, Mammalpuram
NREGS convergence in Agriculture
 282
works have been carried out with an
expenditure of 97 lakh rupees. Around 600
hectares of land got benefited
Agriculture works in Monitoring Blocks
Block
Tirur
Ponnani
Nilambur
Kuttipuram
GP
Thalakkad
No of Works
Area in Ha
Expenditure
3
6
48,000
Trippangode
12
25
2,76,000
Edappal
31
12.5
7,37,000
Thavanur
34
13.18
10,06,000
Chungathara
5
61
10,75,000
Kuttipuram
1
19
2,32,853
Irimbiliyam
36
87
16,78,853
NREGS Convergence with Agricultural Farms
 NREGS involvement in Six Agricultural Farms
 Focus on production of quality seeds
 One Agricultural Farm in the Monitoring GPs
 In dire situation due to shortage of funds and
labour
 Most of the land unutilized – production
reduced
 NREGS in land development activities – freed
technical labour for skilled work
 In 2008-09, Rs. 2,04,461 were spent, utilising
1570 persondays
 Gone up to Rs. 11,91,003 in 2009-10 with
8862
NREGS Convergence with KVK

KVK in Malappuram participated in NEW Delhi
meeting of 29th April 2009 (convergence with
ICAR)

DRDA-KVK meeting to train SGSY beneficiaries,
technological demonstrations, skill development

NREGS involvement in KVK farm’s land
development

In 2008-09, 717 persondays, 1.5 lakh rupees

In 2009-10, works carried out in three reaches –
2378 persondays, Rs. 2,98,728 of Expenditure

KVK involvement in horticulture Development
NREGS-Forest Department Convergence











758 sq. kms of forest land in Malappuram District
Significant Forest areas in Nilambur Blokc
Two Forest Divisions Operating from Nilambur Town
Vetiver plantation in Vazhikkadavu-Nadukani pass
which located in Highway connecting Kerala with
Tamilnadu
A total of 5697 persondays and Rs. 12,41,536 were
used for this project under NREGS in 2008-09
in 2009-10 the expenditure gone up to Rs. 15,70,314
Much scope to increase convergence with Forest
Department
220 ST colonies in Nilambur Block
Proactive Approach at State Level – Availability of
Guidelines
Man-Animal Conflict
Implementation of NAP
ntations & bunding: Kerala
Nursery, Bilaspur Forest Division, Chhattisgarh
Water pond for orchards , Jammu & Kashmir
Dug Well, Madhya Pradesh
Check Dam , Jammu & Kashmir
Conservation and Afforestation of forest area: Water,
Fodder, Water Tank and Nursery Gujarat
After restoration
Water Conservation Tank, Andhra Pradesh