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Energy for Development: the Benefits and Lessons of the EU Approach
Yuriy Zaytsev
University – Higher School of
Economics (Moscow)

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EU role in international engagement for development
 DAC OECD members: USD121.5 billion in
2008;
 G7 members: USD82.5 billion in 2008;
 DAC EU countries: USD70.9 billion in 2008;
 EU ODA: USD14.7 billion in 2008 (17% increase from 2007).

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EU role in international engagement for development: concepts
 EU development assistance policy:
– The Concept of soft power
– The Concept of multi-level governance
 USA development assistance policy:
– National priorities explain geography and sectorspecific approach
 Development assistance policy in Russia:
– No legislation and institutional model

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EU role in international engagement for development: European Consensus on
Development (2005)

 focus on Millennium Development Goals to meet such challenges as development, HIV/AIDS, security, conflict prevention, forced migration to bring about equitable globalization; integration of Europe’s democratic values into development of the poorest countries;
 responsibility of developing countries for their own development.

Methodological framework of the study
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 Functional approach:
– domestic political management,
–
–
–
–
– deliberation, direction setting, G8 collective action decision-making at global level global governance development delivery describes country’s own approach
+1 indicates full compliance with the stated commitment,
0 is awarded for partial compliance or work in progress
-1 is reserved for those countries that fail to comply

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Main sectors of energy assistance for development

Ensuring developing countries’ access to modern energy sources;
 Clean energy technologies development;
 Ensuring efficiency in raw energy resources management;
 Assistance in adaptation to climate change

EU and other G8 members’ (the Russian Federation and USA) average compliance with commitments on energy for development
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1,2
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0,89
1 1 1 1
0,8
0,6
0,65
0,47
0,51
0,56
0,48
0,78
0,53
0,8 0,8
0,67
0,53
0,4
0,4
0,2
0
2005
Gleneagles summit commitment
0 0
0,11
0 0 0
2006 Saint-
Petersburg summit commitment
2007
Heiligendamm summit commitment
2008 Hokkaido summit commitment
2009 Aquila summit commitment
Average compliance
EU
USA
Russian Federation
G8 Average Compliance w ith commitment on energy for development
G8 Average Compliance

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EU and G8 countries’ (the Russian Federation and USA) average compliance with commitment on energy and related issues
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
1 1 1
0,75
0,51
1 1
0,78
0,55
1 1 1
0,94
0,65
1
0,8
0,59
0,47
0,6
0,64
0,4
0,51
0,85
0,71
0,68
0,57
0,48
1
0,85
0,68
0,4
0,53
0,92
0,86
0,67
0,58
0,52
0,4
0,2
0
0
2003 Evian
Summit commitment
2005
Gleneagles summit commitment
2007
Heiligendamm summit
2009 Aquila summit commitment
EU
USA
Russian Federation
G8 average compliance w ith commitment on energy for development
G8 average compliance

Ensuring developing countries’ access to modern energy sources
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


EU (competitions arranged and assessed by the European Commission ):
–
–
–
EU Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development
(EUEI):






New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD),
Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition (JREC),
Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP),
Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD),
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP),
Global Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development (GFSE).
ACP-EU Energy Facility,
Africa-EU Energy Partnership.
USA (national instruments):
– Afghanistan Clean Energy Program (ACEP);
Russian Federation (G8 initiative):
– Global Village Energy Partnership (USD30 million for 2007 – 2011)

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


EU:
–
–
–
–
United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC);
COOPENER (Intelligent Energy – Europe programme) (EUR17 million);
GEEREF (Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund) (USD80 million);
Bilateral cooperation (Malaysia-EU business cooperation, EUR600.000);
USA:
– Bilateral cooperation (USA-China climate partnership , USD60 million);
Russian Federation:
– World Bank Investment Framework for clean energy and sustainable development bilateral and multilateral mechanisms to tackle the problem of climate change at the global level

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G8 summit commitments
EU
2005 Gleneagles summit commitment
2006 Saint-
Petersburg summit commitment
2009 Aquila summit commitment
Average compliance
+1
+1
USA
+1
+1
Russian
Federation
+1
+1
G8 Average
Compliance with commitment on energy for development
+1
G8 average compliance
+0.65
+0.89
+0.47
+1
+1
+1
+1
0
+0.67
+0.78
+0.89
+0.53
+0.55

Raw natural energy resources sustainable management (1)
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–

1)
2)
EU (main areas of activity): support in decision-making at the international level through participation in international treaties, and programs of international institutions; managing a wide range of international development assistance instruments, which support programs directed at environment protection and natural resources management.
–
–
–
EU instruments:
Thematic Programme on Environment and sustainable management of Natural
Resources, including Energy (ENRTP) dialogue between EU and Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM) (USD2.25 million)
EU strategy for supporting disasters risk reduction in developing countries
Russian Federation:
– Bilateral forms of cooperation (China and Iran)
EU is implementing the most coherent and comprehensive actions in assisting developing countries to manage their raw energy materials
Both traditional and emerging donors implement programs in this area through bilateral forms of engagement

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Raw natural energy resources sustainable management (2)
G8 summit commitments
EU
2007
Heiligendamm summit commitment [1]
+1
USA
Russian
Federation
G8 Average
Compliance with commitment on energy for development
G8 Average
Compliance
0 0 +0.11
+0.51

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


EU:
–
– the Principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities
(global level);
EU comprehensive strategy on integration of the environment into the EC economic and development cooperation (European level);
USA:
– Climate Investment Funds (USD2 billion)
Russian Federation:
– participates in a wide range of international discussions on climate change adaptation, but does not mobilize substantial resources to help developing countries adapt to climate change

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G8 summit commitments
2008 Hokkaido summit commitment [1]
EU
0
USA
+1
Russian
Federation
G8 Average
Compliance with commitment on energy for development
G8 Average
Compliance
0 +0.56
+0.48

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 Most of the instruments applied by the EU in assisting the poorest countries to develop most of energy related areas are intersecting and even overlapping
 Linking interconnected projects is profitable from the economic perspective;
 Blending different sources of grants can also contribute to increasing the efficiency
 Why not pooling different programs in related and interconnected areas to develop larger initiatives?

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 EU experience in assisting the poorest countries to develop energy is a high priority for Russian Federation;
 Factors of the efficiency of EU policy in development cooperation:
–
–
–
–
A thorough identification of regional and sectoral priorities;
The division of labour in assisting the poorest countries to develop energy sources;
Establishing coherence of national policies of partner countries with national development assistance policy;
A long-term planning of development assistance resources

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Thank you!