ESA’s GMES
SENTINEL-4 and SENTINEL-5
J.-L. Bézy, G. Bazalgette Courrèges-Lacoste, P. Ingmann,
J. Langen, B. Sierk, H. Stark, B. Veihelmann
Earth Observation Directorate
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 1
Outline

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GMES Sentinels programme
S4/S5 Mission objectives
Sentinel-4
Sentinel-5 (p)
Programmatic status
OMI NO2 over Europe 2004-2005
Image by Pepijn Veefkind, KNMI
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 2
KNMI/IASB/ESA
GMES Components
GMES is an EU led initiative
Services Component – led by EC
• Produces information services in response to European policy priorities in
environment and security
• Relies on data from in-situ and space component
In-situ component – led by EEA
• Observations mostly within national responsibility, with coordination at European level
Space Component – led by ESA
• Sentinels - EO missions developed specifically for GMES:
• Contributing Missions - EO missions built for purposes other than GMES but offering
part of their capacity to GMES (EU/ESA MSs, EUMETSAT, commercial, international)
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
GMES
is a perfect example of a system
of systems|
J.-L. Bézy
Slide 3
GMES dedicated missions: Sentinels
Sentinel 1 – SAR imaging
All weather, day/night applications, interferometry
2013 A / 2015 B
Sentinel 2 – Multi-spectral imaging
Land applications: urban, forest, agriculture,..
Continuity of Landsat, SPOT
2013 A / 2016 B
Sentinel 3 – Ocean and global land monitoring
Wide-swath ocean color, vegetation, sea/land
surface temperature, altimetry
2013 A / 2017 B
Sentinel 4 – Geostationary atmospheric
Atmospheric composition monitoring – flown on MTG
2018+
Sentinel 5 – Low-orbit atmospheric
Atmospheric composition monitoring – flown on MetOp-SG
(S5 Precursor launch in 2014)
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
2018+
Slide 4
Environmental issues of changing atmospheric
composition
Climate Change and the
Greenhouse Effect
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and
enhanced surface UV
Stability of the Atmospheric
Oxidation Efficiency
Information services needed for
- Monitoring
- Forecasting
- Assessment
- Mitigation
Increase in background
tropospheric ozone
Intercontinental transport of
pollutants and aerosols
Acid Rain
Nutrification of coastal waters
and freshwater lakes;
eutrophication
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
Enhanced aerosol and photo-oxidant
levels due to biomass burning
Aerosols in and downwind of
regions of high population
Los Angeles Smog or
"summer" smog
London Smog
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 5
Air pollution and its effect on human health
Loss in life expectancy in months attributable
to anthropogenic PM2.5 [months]
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2000
CLE 2020
Total NMS
MFR 2020
Source: EU programme CAFE, CAFE Scenario Analysis Report Nr. 2.
(Amann et al., 2004)
“Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and is estimated to
cause approximately 2 million premature deaths worldwide per year.”
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 6
Total EU-25
Total EU-15
UK
Sweden
Spain
Slovakia
Slovenia
Poland
Portugal
Malta
Netherlands
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Italy
Latvia
Ireland
Hungary
Greece
Germany
France
Finland
Estonia
Denmark
Belgium
Czech Rep.
Austria
0
The Current Capabilities
Research missions
SCIAMACHY (Envisat) – OMI (Aura), Scisat, Mopitt (Terra), Gosat
Operational missions
GOME-2, IASI (MetOp), OMPS, CRIS (JPSS)
Main gaps in current / planned operational system

High temporal and spatial resolution (more cloud free-views) space-based
measurements of tropospheric (PBL) composition for application to air quality
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High spatial/high precision monitoring of climate gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) and
aerosol monitoring with sensitivity to the PBL

High vertical resolution measurements in the UT/LS region for ozone and climate
applications
80 km
GOME-2
SCIAMACHY
OMI
S4/S5
7 km
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 7
Mission Implementation
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
Mission concept for climate protocol monitoring (lower troposphere)
and air quality applications

Implementation of S-4 and S-5 on Eumetsat platforms
Sentinel 4 will be a realised as
o a UVN spectrometer embarked on the MTG-S platforms
o utilisation of TIR data from the IR sounder onboard the same platforms
o

utilisation of imager data from the MTG-I platforms
Sentinel 5 will consist of
o A UVNS spectrometer embarked on the post-EPS platforms
o utilisation of data from the post-EPS IR sounder (IASI NG)
o
utilisation of post-EPS imager data (METimage)
o
utilisation of multi-directional polarisation imager if implemented
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 8
Level 2 Products
Sentinel-5
Sentinel-4
UV
VIS
NIR
SWIR
Ozone vertical profile (O3)
Tropospheric ozone (O3)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Albedo
Total ozone (O3)
Aerosol
Formaldehyde (HCHO)
Bromine monoxide (BrO)
Rayleigh scat. (cloud), aerosol abs.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Glyoxal (CHOCHO)
O2-O2 (cloud)
Water vapour and cloud (eff. scatt. height)
O-A (cloud, aerosol)
Methane (CH4)
Aerosol profile
Carbone monoxide (CO)
Priority A
Priority B
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
200
300
400
500
600
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
700
|
1600
800
Wavelength (nm)
J.-L. Bézy
1800
Slide 9
2000
2200
2400
Level 2 Products
Air quality and tropospheric composition on
a global, regional and urban scale
OMI
Courtesy: J.P. Veefkind (KNMI)
PARASOL
Concentration
maps for Asia
MOPPIT
Source: ONTRAQ
study. (P. Levelt 2009)
SCIAMACHY
Courtesy: H. Eskes, KNMI
SCIAMACHY
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 10
The Instrument Challenge
DOAS analysis of satellite spectra
Irradiance and Radiance Measurement
Derived Reflectance
Note how small the NO2
features are, about 0.5%
signal strength of the total
signal
Contributors to these Spectral
Features are: polarisation
scrambler, coatings, gratings,
sun diffuser, straylight, gain
change, …
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
< 0.05 %!
3 nm
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 11
Sentinel-4: GEO atmospheric mission
Europe coverage in 1 hr
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 12
S4 Images Acquisition
Only illuminated areas are acquired (SZAmax=92°)
24 daily acquisitions
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 13
S4 Requirements
 Spectral bands
Band ID
Wavelength
range [nm]
Spectral
resolution [nm]
Spectral sampling
ratio
UV-VIS
305 - 500
0.5
3
NIR
750 - 775
0.12
3
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UV
300
VIS
400
500
600
Wavelength (nm)
Spatial resolution: 8 km at 45°N
Coverage: Europe + Sahara
Repeat Cycle: 1 hr
Low sensitivity to polarisation (1%)
Low level of spectral features (0.05%)
High radiometric accuracy: < 3%
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 14
NIR
700
800
S4 Instrument Overview
Dispersing
Re-imaging
element
lens
 Imaging Spectrometer
Spectral radiance
 Pushbroom in E/W direction
Collimator
Slit
l
 N/S FOV: 3.85°
x
2D array
detector
l
 E/W FOR: 11.2°
 2 grating spectrometers
Telescope
UV-VIS: 305 – 500 nm
NIR: 750 – 775 nm
 CCD detectors cooled at 210 K
 Scan mirror: E/W scan
N/S: - compensation of MTG yaw flip manoeuvre around equinox
- seasonal shift in latitude (up to 10 deg)
 High performance on board calibration sources (diffusers, lamp, LED)
 Geostationary orbit, at about 0° longitude
 Embarked on MTG-Sounder Satellite and operated by EUMETSAT
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
|
J.-L. Bézy
Slide 15
S4 Instrument Overview
Earth
On axis refractive
telescope (Ø 80 mm)
UV-VIS
NIR
Spectrograph
Calibration
Spectrograph
assembly
2-axisgimbal
mirror
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 16
Sentinel-5 Requirements
 Spectral bands
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Band
ID
Spectral
range
(nm)
UV-1
UV-2
UV-VIS
NIR-1
270-300
300-350
350-500
710-750
NIR-2
750-775
SWIR-1
SWIR-3
1590-1675
2305-2385
Spectral Spectral
resolution sampling
(nm)
Ratio
1
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4 (T) –
0.06 (G)
0.25
0.25
≈3
≈3
≈3
≈3
UV
200
300
VIS
400
SWIR
NIR
500
600
700 800
1600
Wavelength (nm)
1800
≈3
≈ 2.5
≈ 2.5
Spatial resolution: 15 km in UV1 – 7 km in other bands
Daily global coverage
Low sensitivity to polarisation (0.5%)
Low level of spectral features (0.05%)
High radiometric accuracy: < 2%
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 17
2000
2400
S5 instrument overview
 Imaging grating Spectrometer
 Pushbroom in along track direction
FOV
108 deg
 Wide swath: 2,650 km (FOV: 108.4°)
 Up to 6 grating spectrometers (4 UVN – 2 SWIR)
Swath
~ 2650 km
Immersed gratings used for SWIR-1/3
Courtesy of SRON
 High performance on board calibration sources
 sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at
832 km mean altitude
 Sentinel-5 embarked on post-EPS, operated
by EUMETSAT
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 18
The need for a Sentinel-5 Precursor
1. Continuity of data
Research missionsThe
(here
Sciamachy,
OMI, TES, Mopitt)
stop ≤ 2014.
need
for a Sentinel-5
Precursor
Sentinel-5 on post-EPS not before ~2018.
MetOp data do not satisfy S5 requirements:

CO and CH4:

No measurement by GOME-2;

IASI data have little PBL sensitivity.

Coarse spatial resolution
2. Transition to operational scheme

Afternoon orbit required for AQ forecast (MetOp: 9:30h).

Use synergy S5 precursor – MetOp to start into observation of diurnal
variation, as needed for AQ monitoring. (Will be picked up by S4 later).
Sentinel 5p will be a realised as a single-satellite atmospheric chemistry mission
carrying a UVNS spectrometer, aiming at providing a gap-filler, within the
2014-2020 timeframe
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 19
Programmatics
Sentinel 4
Contract awarded to Astrium GmbH for €150 million to develop and build two
instruments
Sentinel 5 precursor
Feasibility studies of the platform on-going; development phase planned for end 2011
Payload is developed by NSO (TROPOMI) with ESA contributions (SWIR, …)
Sentinel 5
Feasibility studies on-going; development phase planned for 2013
05
L
E
O
10
15
20
25
30
35
ENVISAT (10:00 LTDN)
MetOp A, B, C (09:30 LTDN)
S5p (13:35 LTAN)
MetOp-SG (09:30 LTDN) , incl. S5/UVNS
MTG-I 1
MTG-I 2
G
E
O
MTG-I 3
MTG-I 4
MTG-S 1, incl. S4/UVN
MTG-S 2, incl. S4/UVN
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 20
40
Summary
 Air pollution is a significant cause of health problems and environment damages
worldwide
 Sentinel-4 and -5 will monitor the Earth's atmosphere as part of the Europe
Union's Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme
 Mission will be embarked on MTG-S and MetOp-SG satellites for a launch in
2018+ and will be operated by EUMETSAT
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 21
Thank you
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011
www.temis.nl
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5
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J.-L. Bézy
Slide 22
KNMI/IASB/ESA