Stormwater
Water
Quality
Land &
Water
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Bay Issues Stewardship
When it rains, all of the
land that drains into a
particular stream or water
body is called
What
is a
Watershed?
A surface that
water can’t
drain through,
such as a
parking lot or a
roof,
is called.....
What is an
impervious
surface?
Scientists develop accurate estimates of the number of crabs in the Bay
by sampling during winter when blue crabs are buried in the mud.
Which two years showed the greatest decline AND what are
two factors affecting crab populations?
Total Number of Crabs in the Bay
What are
1999 & 2001?
Crab populations decline due to:
• habitat degradation (i.e. loss of underwater grass beds)
• harvesting pressure/economics
• predation (e.g. striped bass)
• climatic changes
Storm drains lead
directly into..
What are creeks or
streams?
Never throw anything down a storm
drain!
Businesses, farmers & even
homeowners can help reduce run
off by using Best M______________
______________.
What are
Pooping in stream!
L
Fence needed!
Best Management
Practices (BMPs)?
Ex: sediment retention ponds, silt fence, filter strips, rain
gardens... These keep soil, oil vehicle fluids, pesticides, excess
fertilizer and manure from running off land into water bodies.
Because they don’t move far,
studying the diversity &
abundance of snails,
crustaceans, insects & worms is a
good way to measure the health
of streams & rivers.
These bottom-dwelling organisms
are called
_____ _____________ .
What are
Benthic
Macroinvertebrates?
Worms, crabs, fish
and other
invertebrates extract
this gas from water
flowing over their
gills.
What
is
Dissolved
Oxygen?
This pollutant is one of the largest
contributors to the poor water
quality in the Bay. Because the
particles are so small, they’re
carried long distances during
storms.
What
is
Sediment?
Cloudy water blocks the light
reaching Bay grasses, thus
young fish and crabs have no
where to hide from predators.
Too much
___________ and __________
(plant nutrients)
can cause algae blooms.
What are nitrogen
and phosphate?
As algae die, they sink to the
bottom where decomposing
bacteria feed on them. These
bacteria use up dissolved oxygen
necessary for life underwater
making it difficult for other
organisms to survive (anoxia) .
What is the best way to keep
the soil on this farm from
washing down the hill into a
stream?
What
is
plant a cover
crop?
The roots of this crops hold soil particles on site, reducing
erosion and run off into streams.
Suburban sprawl leads to more
impervious surfaces. When rain hits
these surfaces, what increases and
ends up in the Bay?
What is stormwater runoff?
% Dissolved Oxygen Saturation
Potomac River Percent Dissolved Oxygen (%)
Algae & aquatic plants produce dissolved oxygen during photosynthesis.
During what time of the day is dissolved oxygen the lowest?
Explain why.
What is 6am or early morning?
Dissolved Oxygen(DO) is used by living
organisms during the day & night for cellular
respiration. DO is not produced by algae &
aquatic plants at night.
In the jar shown, a sample of soil from a
stream bed was mixed with stream water
and then allowed to settle for 24 hours. The
jar serves as a model for what process?
What is
deposition of sediment?
Making sure stream banks and shorelines have plants
with deep roots, helps to reduce erosion
The gravitational force
between Earth and the
Moon is responsible for
the ________(s) in the
Chesapeake Bay .
What are tides?
Most water leaves the
Chesapeake Bay through
evaporation and returns to the
Bay through _______________
What is
precipitation?
What is the largest nutrient source that’s
placed on the land in our watershed?
What
is
Manure?
Wastewater discharged from
_________ _______________
__________ is the second
largest source of nitrogen
pollution in the Bay.
What are
Sewage Treatment Plants?
When~12 million of the 17 million residents of the Bay watershed flush their
toilets, the wastewater goes to STPs, which discharge into the Chesapeake Bay
and its tributaries. More then 2/3 of these STPs don’t remove the nitrogen
effectively.
What grade did the closest tributary to your school
receive in 2009? Was this a health increase or decrease?
What
Is the Potomac River
received a ‘C’?
Potomac River health
increased from a ‘C-’ in
2008
The overall health of Chesapeake Bay, assessed using
water quality and biotic indicators, was
the best it has been since 2002.
The
Chesapeake
Bay watershed
is home to over
17 million
people and
covers how
many states?
What is...
Six?
Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia
— and the entire District of Columbia.
_________ are transitional zones
between land and water. They
provide critical habitats for bird,
amphibians, mammals and
invertebrates and filter pollutants.
What are Wetlands?
Stormwater runoff from urban and suburban lands,
is the fastest-growing source of pollution to the Bay.
Wetlands help filter pollutants and sediment from run
off. Wetlands of any size are important habitats.
Planting ______ is one of
the best ways to reduce
the amount of stormwater
running off your
schoolyard.
What
are
Trees?
By adding nutrient rich
compost to your lawn &
garden, your soil will be
healthier and you can eliminate
the need for ____________.
What
is
Fertilizer?
Fertilizer contains nitrogen and phosphorus which when used in excess,
can run off into nearby streams and on to the Bay. Natural organic
based slow –release are best. Adding organic material is better!
Before you
apply any
fertilizer to
your lawn or
garden, what
should you do
first?
What is.... Test Your Soil?
You want to know exactly what nutrients are present
before you considered adding more. VA Tech
Cooperative Extension offers soil testing for the whole
state.
A _________ garden is an area of
land designed to retain stormwater
and slowly release it to the
groundwater.
What is a
Rain Garden?
Rain gardens allow stormwater from impervious surfaces to be
absorbed. Pollutants like motor oil, antifreeze, fertilizer and
sediment will soak into the ground and not flow into local
streams.
Can high school students report
erosion & sediment control violations
on a construction site in Prince
William County?
What is
YES!
The Pr. Wm. County Dept. of Public Works is happy
to hear from all citizens. An inspection will be sent
out to investigate the violation.
http://www.pwconserve.org/whotocontact.html#cbrb