KERALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AGENCY JALANIDHI PROJECTS I & II Pranabjyoti Nath IAS Deputy Executive Director JALANIDHI-I FIRST RUNNER-UP PEOPLES FIRST AWARD (World Bank, 2008) 2 Key Project Outputs Units PAD target Actual Percent of the PAD target Small Water Supply Schemes Nos 2500 3696 148 % Comprehensive Schemes Nos 6 16 267 % New Latrines Nos 40000 68023 170 % Latrine conversions Nos 8000 24194 302 % GPs 0 33 BGs 562 1013 180 % Nos 26667 89319 335 % Drainage works Mtrs 178000 68362 38 % Rain Water Harvesting structures Nos 1500 13304 887 % Item Comprehensive Ground Water Recharge Schemes - GP level Ground Water Recharge Schemes – Point Recharge at BG level Environmental Management Plan works (soakpits, compost pits, etc) 3 Key Principles of the Jalanidhi Approach Adoption of a demand-driven approach to service delivery and use of participatory processes Shift in government’s role from direct service delivery to that of planning, policy formulation, M&E, and part-financing capital costs Beneficiary groups (BGs) make capital costs financing contributions and cover 100% of O&M costs through tariffs 4 Project Outcomes - I The Jalanidhi-I project successfully demonstrated that communities, including the poorest and most vulnerable groups, can: demand, plan, design, implement and manage WSS schemes contribute to partial capital investment fully recover O&M costs 5 Project Outcomes - II The decentralized service delivery model was successfully demonstrated by GPs and rural communities. The project worked in 3,712 participating communities in 112 GPs (of a total of 978 in the state) Improved water services were provided to 1.13 M people Water supply coverage increased from 55 to 81 % in the GPs covered by the project The project helped 753,000 people to have access to improved sanitation services Sanitation coverage increased from 76 to 86 % 85 GPs received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar award for open defecation free (ODF) villages 6 Project Outcomes - III GPs contributed 10 % and communities 15 % to the capital costs of schemes under the infrastructure component GPs and communities, including the most vulnerable groups, contributed substantially towards the capital cost thus helping to reduce GOK subsidies Even vulnerable groups, such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) contributed significant amounts in cash and labor (6,755 HHs benefited under project) 7 Project Outcomes - IV The project was successful in being inclusive of poor and marginalized groups: 53 % of project beneficiary HHs belonged to the below poverty line (BPL) category About 16 % of project beneficiaries were SC/ ST ST families made 83.6 lakhs (US$ xx) in contributions by way of labour and cash The project succeeded in empowering women, throughout subproject cycle 8 Project Outcomes - V Project built capacity for further scaling up at all levels: state, districts, GPs and communities as well as in support organizations and private sector This capacity should not be lost but utilized in the future… KRWSA since appointed WSSO for the State! GOK, KRWSA and KWA conducted innovative experiments whose lessons learned will be critical for further scaling up: G-PATs Scheme Level Committees for larger WS schemes KWA partnership in implementing multi-GP schemes Transfer and rehabilitation of KWA/GP schemes, etc 9 WB Institutional Arrangement KRWSA PMU DPMU GP SO/GPAT BG GoK FINANCIAL DETAILS Original Project Estimate - Rs. 4514 million Revised Estimate at MTR - Rs.3815 million Claim submitted to WB - Rs 2760 million Claim received - Rs 2760 million Utilization - 100% 11 Lessons Learned Willingness to pay of beneficiaries was demonstrated through their high contribution to capital cost sharing, ie 15% Tribal groups shared both capital and O&M costs 100% O&M costs were recovered by BGs in all completed schemes Successfully transferred (from KWA to GP) and rehabilitated single-GP schemes, with improved service delivery 12 Lessons Learned There is an overall saving of 10-15% in the capital costs of water schemes when community contracting is used Communities proved they could take up planning, implementation and O&M of even large schemes serving more than 1,000 families Partnership schemes with KWA, for multi-GP schemes, can be replicated 13 Operational Learnings Institutional Arrangements: Demonstrated that the active participation of GPs and BGs leads to greater accountability and long term sustainability NGOs/GPATs as Support Organizations for GPs are extremely helpful for the successful completion of project 14 Sustainability Sustainability is a very broad term In the context of rural/ community water supply is very much linked with the local perspective as to what mode of service is perceived upon. In the context of Jalanidhi, Sustainability is defined as Capability of each Beneficiary Group to demonstrate performance which satisfies majority of the consumer’s normative water needs. In other words “Sustainability implies that the system works through out its life and beyond, and is able to generate adequate cash flow for future expansion/renewal.” 5 steps towards sustainability Institutiona l setup Capable leadership with problem diagnosing and rectifying ability Financial fitness Able to meet true expenses through O&M collection Quality water Consumer satisfied over visual quality and taste perceptions Supply System Water source Faultless operation, low maintenance and equitable distribution Able to meet peak summer demand and sustainable extraction JALANIDHI : S E E STUDY KEY RESULTS INDICATORS SEE-I & II SEE-III SEE IV SEE V Present sustainability 96% 95% 97% 94% Assessment for future likelihood of sustainability 92% 94% 95% 92% User level satisfaction 85% 80% 93% 90% Technical sustainability 93% 99% 97% 95% BGs having financial problems 0% 2% 1% 0% Institutional sustainability 100% 98% 99% 100% With the experience gained KRWSA move on to Jalanidhi II 18 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To assist the GOK in increasing rural communities’ access to improved and sustainable water supply and sanitation services in Kerala, using a decentralized, demand-responsive approach PROJECT SCOPE Project Districts - 8 districts out of 14 in state: Kasargode, Kannur,Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad ,Idduki, Kottayam Project GPs - 200 Gram Panchayaths (178 to be self-selected based on GP selection criteria) from above districts and 22 GPs selected for Tribal Development Program - Some 9-15 GPs will be covered through rehabilitation and modernization of multi-GP schemes (KWA and GPs joint responsibilities) KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Joint ownership (GP & BG) of scheme assets Due weightage for water quality and SC/ST in GP selection GP share increased to 15% from 10%, BG share reduced to 10% from 15% Reduced share for vulnerable groups Higher delegation of administrative & financial powers from PMU to RPMUs & GPSTs Setting-up of GPSTs for in situ support to BGs and GPs Only bilateral agreements instead of tripartite and quadrilateral agreements Preparation of GP-level water security & development plans for sustainability of sources Up-front setting-up of institutional mechanism at the GP level for sustainable O&M backup KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Increased focus on community-level, rather than HH-level, sanitation (solid & liquid waste management) Special emphasis on GP-level groundwater recharge (GWR) activities Multi-GP schemes to be rehabilitated and modernized in partnership between KWA and GPs Efficient back-up system management models to be explored Institutionalization of systematic WQ monitoring & surveillance statewide focusing on community-based WSS Rationalization and harmonization of RWSS sector in state to be reviewed and road map developed and implemented with project support INSTITUIONAL MODEL WB GOI GOK KRWSAGB&GC KRWSA-PMU KRWSA-RPMU GPST KWA GP Suchitwa Mission (Sanitation) BG GPAT/SO Grama Panchayath Selection Criteria Sl No 1 2 Criteria Water supply coverage (WS) Water quality affected GPs (WQ) Indicator Non coverage denoted by no. of BPL households traversing a distance of 300 meters or more to fetch water, to the total no. of HHs in the GP No. of wards affected with predominant water quality problems like iron, fluoride, salinity and nitrates, to the total no. of wards in the GP Source of data Score 40 BPL Survey - 2009 conducted by CRD of GOK 20 DDWSS website of GOI 20 3 Poverty (P) Total no. of BPL HHs to the total no. of HHs in the GP 4 SC/ST population (SCST) Total SC/ST population, to the total population in the GP 5 Efficiency in implementing developmental projects (E) BPL Survey -2009 conducted by CRD of GOK Census 2001 10 10 Average use of Plan Funds for the preceding three years of allotment and utilization Data from the Directorate of Panchayaths GOK GP Selection Criteria for TDP District-wise population of the ST is taken as primary criteria for the selection of districts, accordingly two districts, Wayanad and Idukki have been identified From the above two districts, those GPs having 16% or more ST population (according to 2001 census data) are included for project implementation FUNDING PATTERN 12% 5% 19% 64% Govt of Kerala World Bank Grama Panchayat Beneficiary Group PROJECT COMPONENTS (Amount in INR Crores) Main Components A A1. Project Management 83.9 8.2% A2. Capacity Building 10.2 1.0% A3. Statewide Sector Development Program 19.9 1.9% 114.0 11.1% 100.4 9.8% B2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP WS Schemes 5.5 0.5% B3. Sanitation 9.1 0.9% 115.0 11.1% 624.7 61.1% C2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP Schemes 95.1 9.3% C3. Sanitation 73.6 7.2% 793.4 77.6% 1022.3 100.0% Technical Assistance to Implementing Agencies B1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes Total - Technical Assistance C % to Total Institution Building Total -Institution Building B Total Incl. Contingencies (Amount) Infrastructure Development C1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes Total - Infrastructure Building TOTAL PROGRAM PROJECT COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES Water supply schemes Tribal Development Plan Groundwater recharge (GWR) ‘Second Generation’ sanitation challenges Multi-GP schemes partial transfer, rehabilitation and modernization (with KWA) Capacity building IEC activities Monitoring and evaluation. GP strengthening Statewide RWSS sector- review and rationalization. COST SHARING PATTERN Contribution as as % of construction costs estimated at market prices as contained in the D S R and agreed to by the beneficiaries and GPs Component Household I Capital Costs of Schemes GP * Drinking Water Schemes( (up to 70 lpcd)1 - Small /large & rehabilitation Drinking Water Schemes (Multi GP rehabilitation) (i)Common Infrastructure (ii)Intra Distribution Works 10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs) 15% Nil 10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs) 100% Nil 15% Cost of meter including installation and plumbing within premises (wherever applicable) Groundwater recharge measures GP wide Environmental Management schemes including Solid and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes Community level schemes Household level II. Nil Nil 50% 20% 20% Nill Operation and maintenance Cost Operation and maintenance of water supply, GWR schemes (recurrent costs, minor repairs and replacement etc) For BG and GP level schemes For Multi GP schemes Pilot Environmental Management schemes including Solid and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes Community level schemes 100% 100 % of local Dist O&M cost + 100 % of bulk charges payable to KWA – by levying and collecting sufficient user charges Nil Nil Nil JALANIDHI PHASE II-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Batch Desn General Batch 1 TDP Batch 2 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 No of GPs J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F M 24 2 General 37 GPs with Large Scheme 2 TDP 11 Multi GP Scheme* 4 General 44 Mid Term Review Batch 3 GPs with Large Scheme TDP 5 9 Multi GP Scheme (KWA) 9 schemes Batch 4 General 48 GPs with Large Scheme 3 Multi GP Scheme Batch 5 General 8 schemes 15 Implementation Completion Review Pre Planning Phase Preparatory Phase Post Implementation Phase Planning Phase Implementation Only for TDP Phase Hand Holding Phase Only for TDP SCHEME CYCLE Descripti on Preplanning (No of months) Preparator y (No of months) Planning Implementatio Post (No of n Implementatio months) (No of months) n (No of months) Hand Total holding (No of (No of months) months) Small Schemes 3 - 9 12 3 - 27 Large schemes 3 - 11 13 3 - 30 TDP 3 3 9 15 3 6 39 Multi GP Rehab 3 - 15 15 3 - 36 FINANCIAL ARRANGMENTS FUND FLOW GOK Budget PMU Treasury PMU Bank RPMU Bank GP Share BG Share GP Project Bank A/c BG Project Bank A/c Expenses of PMU / Payments for Works undertaken through PMU Expenses of RPMU /GPSTand Works undertaken through RPMU Expenses on GP Activities BG Expenses 32 WOMEN IN JALANIDHI Planning BG mobilization & Contribution collection Beneficiary Group( 50 % participation) Beneficiary Committee (President/Secretary & Treasurer – invariably women) Implementation Active participation in procurement , construction management, accounting and Quality Assurance Post Implementation Operation, repairs and maintenance , revenue collection Apart from above total involvement in Women Development Initiative as project component 33 WDI –IGP (income Generating programmes) Project financed micro enterprise up to 80% of capital cost in “watsan” related activities and 50% in other IGPs Thrift & Credit Activities Making O & M payments easier through regular savings Jalanidhi’s main objective in this activity was to help women access funds for either capital cost payment or monthly O & M payment HOW WAS THE PROJECT BENEFICIAL TO WOMEN Making adequate water available drinking sanitation and hygiene Reduction in Drudgery making water available at doorstep this pot was always on my head now it is on the ground There is peace at home now I am at peace with myself- I am not always tense about worrying where to get water from Empowerment - Self Development- making them a part of the project - Building up of knowledge- base in project, mgmt, health practices - Mainstreaming them into leadership & decision making roles - Thrift & Credit - Skill Building - Entrepreneurship EMPOWERMENT THROUGH REAL PARTICIPATION Equal Membership in the BG Key position in the executive committee President /Secretary and Treasurer Role in decision making (not in attendance alone) Minimum quorum such that women representation is mandatory Engage women as one of the two pump operators in every BG Women led BGs (all BC members were women) had been experimented BG MEETING Resource Mapping ACTIVE PARTCIPATION OF WOMEN 40 OPERATOR in ACTION WDI - Sowparnika-Sowbhagya Vanitha Hotel (Kozhikode) WDI- Concrete Bricks (Palakkad ) THANK YOU 44