Tracking Progress—
Tools, Indicators and Initiatives to Measure
Country Performance towards Green Growth
SIDA Development Talks: Next Steps toward Inclusive Green
Growth
September 17, 2012
Glenn-Marie Lange, Program Manager for WAVES Global Partnership
Environment Department, The World Bank
Inclusive Green Growth relies on:
Better incentive schemes (fiscal policy, etc)
Better measurement—Natural Capital
Accounting
– Better indicators to monitoring green growth
(Beyond GDP)
– Detailed statistics as a management tool
• design incentive schemes, optimize use of natural
capital
• Builds this information as satellite accounts to the
System of National Accounts
Indicators for Green Growth
1. Macroeconomic Indicators—Is GDP growth
sustainable or are we just “living off our natural
capital?”
Development as a process of building and managing a
portfolio of assets
 Comprehensive Wealth & Adjusted Net Savings
2. Specific natural capital indicators to monitor:
– Resource intensity or productivity trends (energy, water,
pollution)
– Stocks, land & forests
– Environmental expenditures, taxes & subsidies, costs of
degradation
World Bank & Statistics for Green Growth
Genuine Saving Rates in EAP, ECA and SAR
35
30
percent of GNI
Adjusted Net Savings (ANS)
is calculated annually,
available online and
in annual publications
25
20
East Asia & Pacific
15
Europe & Central Asia
10
South Asia
5
2008
2005
2002
1999
1996
1993
1990
1987
1984
1981
1978
1975
0
◦ Little Green Data Book (started in 2000)
 Adjusted Net Savings, Adjusted Net National Income
◦ World Development Indicators
 Resource Rents, Adjusted Net Savings, and Adjusted Net National Income
World Bank & Statistics for Green Growth
Comprehensive Wealth Accounts
updated less frequently, data available for years:
1995, 2000, 2005
Flagship Reports:
◦ Where is the Wealth of Nations?
Measuring Capital for the 21st Century (2006)
◦ The Changing Wealth of Nations
Measuring Sustainable Development in the
New Millennium (2011)
Managing Green Growth: Natural Capital Accounts
Statistics for better management of natural capital to support growth
& poverty reduction
•
What is the real contribution of Natural Capital to GDP and household
livelihoods;
•
How do we weigh tradeoffs among competing users
-
•
How do we balance land use for tourism, agriculture and other
ecosystem services like carbon storage or water quality?
How can we make ecotourism work for the local communities, to ensure
social and economic inclusion?
How do we model the impacts of changes in resource pricing, removal of
subsidies on economic activities, on the poor
How much should be invested in natural capital, like protected
areas?
In WAVES countries, statistics for management are more
important than macroeconomic indicators
Initiatives for GG Measurement
Global Partnership for Wealth Accounting and
Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES)
WAVES is working closely with World Bank’s Green Growth
Program on country GG studies
Natural Capital Accounting Initiative—Rio+20
Expanded ‘WAVES’ initiative for widespread, rapid rollout
Major Partners on NCA
WAVES is looking to work closely with specific partners
WAVES Global Partnership for Natural Capital
Accounting
5-year, $15 million Global Partnership—UNDP,
UNEP, UNCEEA, partner countries, NGOs,
academics, private sector, others to
1.
Implement natural capital accounting in 6-10
countries:
•
Colombia, Costa Rica, Botswana, Madagascar,
Philippines (India, Vietnam, Mexico, others..)
•
Australia, Norway, UK, Canada, France, Spain,
Netherlands
2. Incorporate natural capital accounts in policy
analysis and development planning
3. Scientific credibility —Policy & Technical Experts
Committee to develop methodology for ecosystem
accounting for the SEEA
4. Promote global adoption of natural capital
accounting beyond the pilot countries
Natural Capital Accounting under WAVES
Implement SEEA standards & pilot SEEA ecosystem accounts:
• Physical measures & monetary value of ecosystem services produced
annually and cost of degradation
• Distribution of benefits from ecosystem services, and burden of degradation
among different stakeholders
• Value of assets —developed for alternative scenarios
Issues:
•
•
•
•
Prioritizing ecosystem services: where can we make credible progress quickly
Scaling up from specific ecosystems to national level
Valuing public lands, global commons
Handling thresholds, irreversibilities, low probability-high impact events
Valuation techniques:
• Market prices for provisioning & recreational services
• Ecological production functions for regulating services, drawing on local and
international models such as InVest, ARIES and others
Where are we now with WAVES?
Preparation phase concluded, 2011-June 2012:
• Global partnership established –
• Policy and Technical Experts Committee established to develop
methodology for ecosystem accounting and organize training
• Scoping out studies for natural capital accounting in 5 developing
countries: Botswana, Costa Rica, Colombia, Madagascar,
Philippines
Implementation Phase: 2012-2016
Work plans approved and implementation beginning in Botswana
and Madagascar, with other countries beginning shortly
Policy and Technical Experts Committee first meeting Nov 7-9
WAVES at Rio+20: the ’50/50’ Campaign for Natural
Capital Accounting
Building on the Gaborone Communique on NCA
from the African Sustainability Summit, hosted by
Botswana May 24-25, signed by 10 African countries
62 (32 developing) countries signed the NCA
Communique, endorsing
•
Implement natural capital accounting where there are
internationally agreed statistical standards –the SEEA
•
Develop methodology for the more difficult to measure natural
capital – ecosystem services
•
Demonstrate how NCA can support decision-making for
sustainable development
Concept Note for follow-up drafted for NCA
Initiative
 widespread, rapid rollout of SEEA
Major Partners and Related Initiatives
SEEA:
– UNCEEA, Task force on Implementation of the SEEA
Ecosystem valuation and accounting
– UK’s Natural Capital Committee, ESPA
– UNEP: ProEcoServ, UNDP-UNEP Poverty Environment
Initiative
– The Natural Capital Project
– Resources for the Future – Center for the Mgmt of Ecological
Wealth
– Beijer Institute-Duke University
– UNCEEA Vol 2 of SEEA Experimental Accounts for Ecosystems
Link with private sector initiatives
– TEEB Business Coalition, TEEB Oceans and Coasts, etc.