Technology for Sustainable
Growth and Development
Tanvir Sultana
Manager (Operations); PKSF
Topic focused on Agricultural Technology
Agricultural Technologies refers to the tools and
machinery that are used primarily or entirely in
order to support agricultural enterprise.
Types of agricultural technologies are –
New Varieties
Improved Management Practices
Agricultural machinery
Agricultural Technology can…
• Increased employment opportunities and higher wage rates.
• Allowed farmers to cut their units costs of production by using of
new varieties, fertilizer, expansion of irrigation.
• Increase cropping intensity and changes cropping patterns.
• Improved varieties with increased vitamin content that contribute to
the reduction of human disease.
• Longer cropping seasons to regulate food supply and reduce the
number of months that households go hungry
• Improved storage and processing to extend the shelf-life of food and
reduce waste.
• Overcome major inequalities in access to land.
Increase Agricultural Productivity in a
sustainable way should be based on
• improving resource productivity by reorganizing production
processes and managing resources more efficiently;
• increasing the use of intellectual capital as a production input;
• up-grading farmers’ levels of education and farming skills;
• creating an environment and incentives conducive to farmers’
adoption of appropriate technology;
• implementing safeguards against negative environmental effects;
and
• managing the resulting social adjustment processes
Projection of Structural Change
Percentage share of GDP
Sectors
Average
(FY 04-FY10)
Target
FY 2015
Target
FY 2021
Agriculture
19.5
15.5
15.0
Industry
28.0
32.0
37.0
Of which Manufacturing
17.3
21.1
28.0
Service
52.5
52.5
48.0
Source: BBS and Vision 2021
How Big is Bangladesh’s Agriculture
• Cropping Intensity-191%
• Cultivated area is decreasing at 0.43% but no. of small farms
increasing at 2% per year
• Average farm size is 0.5ha, which is decreasing but no sign of
decreasing productivity
• High degree of land fragmentation 3.2 plots per farm, average
size of plots 0.16 ha.
• Non farm household number is increasing at 7% per year
• Irrigated land 61%
• Homestead agriculture is becoming important.
For Sustainable Agricultural Development
Need…….
• Financial Support
•
Technical Support
• Technology
New Variety
Innovate new strategy for management practies
Cropping System
Machinery
Support for…….
Small and Marginal Farmers and Sharecroppers
Small and Medium Entrepreneur
Small Service Providers whom are involved in Agriculture
Ultra poor people who are involved in agricultural activities
Why they are
Because
They are very much productive
They are efficient
Early adopter in new technology
Leading Investor in agricultural production
Lack of Capital
Government’s recent interventions
Farmers database and Farmers Inputs Support Card to 1
Crore 82 Lakh farmers.
Increased subsidy on Agricultural Inputs (Fertilizer, diesel,
electricity, seeds)
Farmer friendly agricultural credit policy
1 Crore 82 Lakh farmers’ new bank accounts being opened
Enhanced Agricultural rehab grants to victims of natural
calamities
Support for accelerated mechanization of agriculture
Surface water irrigation
Initiatives Taken by research institutions
• BRRI has released salt tolerant, submerge-tolerant , drought
tolerant, salt-cold-drought tolerant rice varieties using genemarker technology. Short duration varieties are also innovated
by BRRI.
• BARI is working with growing high value vegetables, wheat,
maize and flower esp. heat tolerant wheat and tomato varieties,
develop large number of farm machinery.
• BINA released short duration crops helps to reduce food
scarcity in monga-prone areas and generate employment.
• BADC multiply the seed varieties
• DAE disseminated modern technologies and effective
agricultural extension services to the farmers, providing
training, field demonstration.
Initiatives Taken by private Companies
• IFDC- priority focus on soil fertility management, agribusiness
and fertilizer sector development.
• Bengal Meat offer top manufacturers of fresh, hygienic and
halal meat (cattle, goat and sheep) in the local and
international market.
• BRAC has developed a popular maize hybrid from imported
lines
• BRAC, Lal Teer, and other companies breed vegetables
including bottle, snake, sweet, and bitter gourds from both
imported and local genetic materials;
• BRAC and at least one private company breed hybrid rice,
using materials from the IRRI and BRRI.
Inline with GoB initiatives
MFIs are providing
 Loan support
 Capacity building training
 Technology dissemination
 Value Chain Development
 Livestock insurance
Agricultural Loan Disbursed by MFIs is gradually
increasing
Tk. in Crore
Sector
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011*
2012*
2013*
Total Loan
Disbursed
24170
34910
47360
132650
168940
147480
31260
37910
56310
Agriculture
Loan disbursed
5950
9170
11770
30470
41330
47620
15040
17450
26510
Agriculture
(%)
24.63%
26.3%
24.9%
22.9%
24.5%
32.29%
48.1%
46.04%
47.08%
a) Crop (%)
7.6%
9.8%
9.9%
10.8%
12.1%
16.99%
37.13%
34.32%
34.13%
b) Livestock
(%)
13.8%
13.1%
11.8%
9.4%
9.3%
11.43%
6.09%
5.69%
9.37%
c) Fisheries(%)
3.3%
3.3%
3.1%
2.8%
3.1%
3.86%
4.88%
6.03%
3.57%
Source: Bangladesh Microfinance Statistics; Credit Development Forum (CDF) and InM. * Excluding GB
4/9/2015
14
Capacity Building Training
Training for Beneficiary
1. Crop Related Training
2. Non-crop Related Training
3. Specialized Training
Training for POs’ Staffs
Technology Use and Management
Related Training
Urea Super Granule (USG)
•Production of rice increased by 15-20 %
•Decreased urea application by 20-30%
Porous Pipe (AWD Method)
Saves 20-25% water over traditional method
26
Pheromone Trap
Controlled insect infestation in Brinjal/Gourds by
80% . Reduced cost (50-70%) of insecticides
application.
Vermi compost
• Brings back natural fertility of soil
• No chemical fertilizer are required
• Absorbs and retains rain water in soil
•
•
•
•
Year round availability
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Non polluting
Profitable commercial business
Summer Tomato
13.17 ton/acre; Net Profit- ~Tk. 3.0 lakh
4/9/2015
20
Maria Model
Production increased by 10-15 %
Solar power irrigation system will save 760 MW
power and 800 million liter diesel every year if the
conventional power and diesel run irrigation pumps
are converted into solar power.
Mechanization of farming
• Irrigation was the first operation that was mechanized
• Tillage was the next operation that was mechanized
• Power thresher has been developed to thresh bulk
production of rice and it is estimated that more than
60 thousand are in use in the country.
• Entire maize shelling is done by power corn sheller.
• Rice transplanter, reaper and combine harvester
became cost effective farmer using these during
sowing/planting and harvesting time.
Some agricultural
machineries that are used
in different stage of crop
cultivation
Value Chain Development
Livestock Insurance
Protect the farmers from their financial losses due to death of cows
Farmer is provided maximum up to tk.35000/= as a compensation against
the premium of tk.200
Ensure the livestock treatment for insured cows, necessary immunization
and medicines are supplied
About 200,000 number of cows have been insured under this livestock
insurance
No. Insured cattle died- 983 and claim has been settled by the Premium
Information Communication Technology
Agricultural Call Centre
Provide agricultural information to the farmer according to their need
Ensure gaining information related to agriculture, livestock, fisheries,
nutrition and weather
Easy communication with specialized agriculturist
Agricultural Counseling Centre
New idea and technologies can disseminate to the farmers and farm
owners
To decrease the distance between farmer and technical
To give easy excess to the technical knowledge for the farmers
To develop self confidence of the farmers
Mobile Cinema Van
Food Grain Production
In lakh MT
400
338.14
337.97
335.41
322.57
301.17
300
200
100
7.3
8.49
8.87
9.69
19.54
15.52
9.95
9.72
12.55
21.78
0
2008-09
2009-10
Crop
2010-11
Wheat
2011-12
2012-13
Maize
Contributes 13.09% to the Total GDP, 47.5% labor force involved in Agriculture
Remarkable progress has been done mainly because
• Use of green Revolution Technology (HYV, fertilizers, irrigation and pesticide)
coupled with growth of institutional infrastructure
• Appropriate use of production inputs under favourable climatic conditions
Challenges
• Ensuring Food Security at national, household and
individual level
• Decline in soil fertility and lose of land and water resources
• Non availability of quality seed
• Lack of maintenance of soil fertility
• Lack of irrigation coverage
• Lack of linkage between research extension linkages
Strategies
• Diversification of Agricultural crops
• Priority attention in planned crop intensification
• Motivate farmers to use recommended doses of chemical
fertilizer and use of organic fertilizer
• Proper utilization of soil guide and soil testing facilities
• Ecological favourable months may be devoted for growing
high profit non rice crops
• Efficient management of seed beds and adoption of the
System of Rice in Intensification (SRI) for reducing yield
gap
• Distribution of Khas land to the landless and marginal
farmers in rental basis
Number of poultry and livestock
3000
2500
Chicken
Duck
2490
2428.66
2346.86
2280.35
2213.94
livestock
2000
1500
1000
500
495.58
412.34
0
2008-09
506.52
441.2
426.77
2009-10
528.36
516.66
2010-11
457
2011-12
532.11
472.53
2012-13
Contributes 1.84% to the Total GDP
Main growth drivers are supply of improving breed, feed
fodder, veterinary health services, small holder farmers and
private sector investment.
Challenges
• Restriction of breeds and livestock breeding programme.
inappropriate organizational setup with inadequate
extension manpower,
• No land especially is ear-marked for animal grazing and
fodder production
• inadequate animal health care services,
• limited diseases diagnostic and research facilities,
• preponderance of emerging and re-emerging diseases,
• shortage in preventive and curative inputs supply,
• increasing population and food safety issues,
• poor investment and weak value chain, weak researchextension linkages.
Major potentials are
• Livelihood development tools for poor and pro poor
employment and income generation
poverty reduction,
nutrition, food security and
safety, and social safeguards,
• Export earnings, rising demand and scope of increased
productivity.
• Some comparative advantages over crop, fishery and
forestry as they require less land, small capital and is
least influenced by seasonal changes
Fish Production Trend
In lakh MT
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
20
15
10
5
0
Capture
Culture
Marine Fisheries
GDP contribution 3.68%
Fish production has increased through pond aquaculture using hatcheryreared fish fingerlings, conversion of fish pond by raising embankments
around low laying lands.
Production of capture fisheries has stagnated because of underinvestment in
fishing in the flood plains
Challenges
• Genetic degradation in crap and other farmed
fish species
• Decline in the growth of inland open water
fisheries
• Depletion of resources and degradation of
public water bodies and habitat
• Low productivity of aquaculture fish and
brackish water shrimp
Strategies for Development
High priority given to closed water fisheries production
Increasing fresh water, (rather than brackish water) golda production in
coastal areas.
Potential use of cage culture in flood plains, with individual ownership.
Emphasis on supply of inputs and promotion of technical knowledge among
the educated youth, in pond and other closed water bodies culture.
Breed development, feed production and supply, extension and supply of
veterinary services, including vaccinations, shall be promoted.
Ensuring quality fish seed and quality fish feed towards the fish farmer
Agricultural growth and
poverty reduction
• Direct and relative immediate impact of improved
agricultural performance on rural incomes.
• Impact of cheaper food for both rural and urban poor.
• Contributes to growth and the generation of economic
opportunity in the non-farm sector.
• Shift away from being primarily agricultural towards
a broader base of manufacturing and services.
Sustainable issues of technology
• If new technologies are not carefully managed, they can
create additional demand on resources which may simply
not be sustainable in the future.
• Poorly managed irrigation has led to falling water tables,
salinisation and other problems.
• Modern crop varieties have frequently displaced many
local varieties. But the relationship of these changes to
overall genetic diversity is difficult to unravel.
Recommendations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Modern high techs in agriculture that are available in
Bangladesh are need to adopt judiciously
Develop climate impact modules that give a better
understanding of how climate change may affect total
agriculture sector at local level in order to be well prepared.
Establish storage and cold storage facilities
Use organic fertilizer to safeguard soil health
Develop market for agro commodities for both local and export
market
Escalating women’s participation in agricultural farming
Development modern testing facilities and accreditation
Introduce Micro Insurance
ICT for extension will be widely used for regular forecasting
Thank You