1
GRAND COAL
GASIFICATION
&
POWER
GENERATION
2
Future alternate fuel is Coal which
can be burnt clean dirt free only
through
GASIFICATION
In Gasification the coal is not burnt
directly so, no firing no smoke ,no
pollution ,no EPA limits violation.
3
COAL GASIFICATION
SynGas Technology is offered
to generate power
4
5
COAL GASIFICATION
 1Kg Coal Produces around 3m³ of Gas
 The Calorific Value of this gas depends upon the
calorific value of Coal used.
6
COMPOSITION OF COAL GAS
•
•
•
•
•
•
H₂
N₂
CO
CH₃
CO₂
O₂
13 – 16%
45- 52%
26 – 30 %
1.5- 3%
4-5.6%
0.1-0.8%
7
ENERGY VALUE OF COAL
The energy density of coal is its heating value
= 24 MJ per kg
One kilowatt-hour
= 3.6 MJ
The thermodynamic efficiency of coal power plants
= 30%
The energy density of coal may also be expressed in
kilowatt-hour
The energy density of coal
= 6.67 kW·h/kg.
30% of 6.67 kW·h
=2.0 kW·h/kg
(can successfully be turned into electricity; the rest is waste heat)
So coal power plants obtain approximately 2.0 kW·h per kilogram of
burned coal.
8
What is COAL GASIFIER?
Coal Gasifier, a Gas Generator, is:
•Energy saving and
•Environmental protection equipment
9
10
How Coal Gas is Produced?
Air and Steam mixture act as Gasifying agent
and
Coal as Fuel
In the Gasifier heart Coal and Gasifying agent have
Oxidation
•Reduction reactions
at high temperature
Coal Gas is produced which mainly consist of:
•Carbon Mono Oxide and
•Hydrogen
11
GASIFYING INDEX
• Air Consumption per kg Coal
2.1m³
• Steam Consumption per kg Coal
0.4kg
12
WHERE COAL GAS IS USED
Coal Gas is used in:




Metallurgy
Ceramic
Glass making
Refractory &
 Electricity Generation
13
TYPE OF COAL GASIFIRE
Single Stage Coal Gasifier
Double Stage Coal Gasifier
14
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISRICS
Double-stage coal Gasifier is specially designed for gasifying
bituminous coal (light tar can be carbonized out from coal in
pyrolysis section).
• higher gas calorific value produced than that of produced with
Single Stage Gasifier.
• better environmental protection performance.
• Big carbonization sectional area and coal storage.
• Slow coal bed lowering.
• Long carbonization time make coal carbonized completely.
15
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Double-stage coal Gasifier is characterized by
•High gas production capacity,
•Good gasification efficiency,
•Better coal adaptability,
•High gas calorific value,
•Easy operation and
•Strong safety performance.
16
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Double-stage coal Gasifier is also characterized with
•convective heat transmission,
•simple structure,
•convenient maintenance and
•small investment.
17
STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS
Body structure:
» Wholly water-jacketed structure,
• Self-produced steam with a pressure of 49 Kpa which
can be used as gasifying agent.
Coal feeding mechanism(with hydraulic control):
• Automatic coal feeding
• Manual coal feeding
De-slagging mechanism:
• Wet slag removal from both sides is made by ratchet
wheel & detent or worm wheel & worm with hydraulic
drive.
18
STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS
Coal feeding section:
Practical and reliable coal-level detector cooperates with stoker to realize
automatic coal feeding and guarantee coal Gasifier is in full charge layer
operation.
Pyrolysis section:
Furnace lining Gasifying section:
Water jacket structure is adopted and self-produced steam is used for
gasification.
Coal feeding mechanism:
Advanced upper roller,
Middle flashboard
Lower bell jar mechanism is adopted.
Characterized by simple operation, easy maintenance and good gas-tightness.
19
STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS
Slag collecting mechanism:
Wet slag removal from both sides is made by ratchet wheel & detent with
hydraulic drive.
Self-designed plough-type special plate is adopted for slag
removal,Characterized by steady drive and smooth deslagging.
Plough-type plate has been used in many types of domestic and
imported coal Gasifier.
20
Gasifier is divided into
• Ash layer
• oxidation layer
• reduction layer
• carbonization layer &
• drying layer.
21
• The coal is dried and carbonized in the Carbonization stage of
the gas producer.
• The coal is poured into the hearth with the stoker.
• The coal descends slowly and reaches gasification stage after
10-12 hrs.
• Air & steam is inserted from the bottom of the gasifier
22
PRINCIPAL OF GAS PRODUCTION
→C + O₂ = CO₂ + heat
→C + CO₂ = 2CO –heat
→2CO + H₂O = CO + H₂ - heat
→C + 2H₂O = CO₂ + 2H₂ - heat
23
• In the carbonization stage the moisture in the coal is totally
released by the heat prodced from part of the rising gas.
• Tar & most of the Sulpher also carbonised,
• A part of the gas produced by gasifying coke of half-coke
shape in the gasification stage, rises to the carbonization
stage, another part forms the down side gas.
24
• The upside gas enters the electric coke knocker through the
cyclone coke knocker and then mixes with the down side gas.
• The down side gas after passing through the cyclone dust
cleaner enters the cooler and temperature drops from 400500⁰C to 150-180⁰C and mixes with up-side gas.
25
• The mixed gas with enter the indirer water cooled and cooled
down to normal temperature.
• After passing through the electric dust remover where dust
and light oil will be removed the gas is now ready for use.
.
26
• The coal tar, light oil and condensate liquid
segregated from the electric coke knocker will
enter the segregation pool, after segregation the
coal tar and light oil can be supplied outside and
the condensate liquid canbe used as fuel with
the water-coal slurry after mixing with the fine.
27
COAL
Coal are of four main types

Lignite or brown coal
 Bituminous
 Sub-bituminous
 Anthracite
28
COAL
Each type of coal has a certain set of physical parameters
Mostly controlled by
• Moisture,
• Carbon content.
• Volatile content (in terms of aliphatic or aromatic
hydrocarbons)
29
ENERGY VALUE OF COAL
Running one 100-watt light bulb for one year requires
(100 W × 24 h/day × 365 day/year = 876000 Wh =876 kWh)
Physical coal consumption:
It takes 438 kg (966 lb) of coal
to power a 100-watt light bulb
for one year.
Transmission and distribution losses
caused by resistance and heating in the power lines,
is in the order of 5–10%,
depending on distance from the power station and other factors
31
CARBON INTENSITY OF COAL
Commercial coal has a carbon content
≥ 70%.
Coal with a heating value of 6.67 kWh/kg
has a carbon content
= 80%,
The useful energy output of coal
The burning of 1 kg of coal produces
energy
1 kg coal emits
=30% of the 6.67
kWh/kg
=2 kWh of electrical
=2.93 kg CO2
The direct CO2 emissions from coal power =1.47 kg/kWh, or
0.407 kg/MJ.
32
A comparison of Carbon intensity of coal
The U.S. Energy Information Agency's 1999 report on emissions for
generation quotes for
energy
• Coal power
=0.963 kg CO2/kWh
• Oil power
= 0.881 kg CO2/kWh
• Natural gas
= 0.569 kg CO2/kWh
• Nuclear power
hydro, and
wind
=100 time lower
33
World Coal Reserves
Energy Information Administration
930 billion short tons of
recoverable coal reserves
estimated
=4,116 BBOE (billion barrels of oil
equivalent)
34
World Coal Reserves
Energy Information Administration
In terms of heat content
Coal Provided
57,000,000 barrels (9,100,000 m3) of oil equivalent per day.
Natural gas provided
51,000,000 barrels (8,100,000 m3) of oil equivalent per day,
Oil provided
85,800,000 barrels per day
35
World Coal Reserves
Energy Information Administration
Global peak coal production may occur sometime around 2025 at 30
percent above current production
Coal is mined in over 100 countries, and on all continents except
Antarctica.
The largest reserves are found in the
USA,
Russia,
China,
India and
Australia.
Pakistan also has newly discovered large reserves about 185 billion
tons.[68]
36
World Coal Reserves
Energy Information Administration
BP estimated at 2006 end there were of proven coal reserves worldwide,
909,064 million tons
or 147 years reserves-to-production ratio
Proved recoverable coal reserves at end-2006 (million tones (teragrams))
Country
United States
China
India
Pakistan
South Africa
Indonesia
Bituminous & anthracite Sub Bituminous & lignite
TOTAL Share
111,338135,305246,64322.6
62,20052,300114,50012.6
90,0852,36092,44510.2
0185,000185,00017.0
48,750048,7505.4
7404,2284,9680.5
37
How our solution will help you?
Coal supply worldwide is abundant
Electricity generated thru
Coal Gasification will cost
< Rs. 10.00 per unit
Your investment cost will be
< $ 1000 Per eKWh
Pay back of your investment will be
< 2 years
38
Pakistan’s energy mix compared to India
• Pakistan
• India
Generation Mix
Renewable
8%
Nuclear
3%
Hydro
25%
Coal
53%
Oil
1%
Gas
11%
39
39
THANKS
40