The contribution of sustainable transport to
the post 2015 development framework and
global climate change mitigation
Cornie Huizenga, Joint Convener Partnership on
Sustainable Low Carbon Transport
International Symposium on Sustainable Cities:
Empowering Local Governments through Capacity
Building and Knowledge Sharing
26-28 September 2013
Inchon, Korea
Part 1
SLOCAT PARTNERSHIP
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2
The SLoCaT Partnership
Integrate Sustainable Transport in Global Policies on
Sustainable Development and Climate Change
80+ Members: International Organizations – Government –
Development Banks – NGOs – Private Sector - Academe
African Development Bank (AfDB) *African Transport Policy Program (SSATP) *Alliance to Save Energy *Asian Development Bank (ADB) *Believe
Sustainability *CAF-Development Bank of Latin America * Cambridge Systematics * Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) * Centre for Environment
Planning & Technology (CEPT), Ahmedabad *Center for Science and Environment (CSE) *Center for Sustainable Transport (CTS) Mexico * Center for
Transportation and Logistics Studies (PUSTRAL), Gadjah Mada University * China Urban Transport Research Centre (CUSTReC) * Civic Exchange
(CE) *Clean Air Asia (CAI-Asia)* Clean Air Institute (CAI) *Climate Focus *CODATU * Despacio *Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) * Dutch Cycling Embassy * Ecofys * EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Sustainable Transport * Energy Research Center
Netherlands (ECN) * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) * European Cyclists' Federation (ECF) * European Institute for
Sustainable Transport (EURIST)* First African Bicycle Information (FABIO) *Fia Foundation *Fraunhofer- Institute for Systems and Innovation
Research (ISI)* Global Environmental Facility (GEF) * Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) * Global Urban Development (GUD) * Health
Bridge * HSBC * Innovation for Center for Energy and Transportation (iCET) *International Council Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) *Institute
for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) * Institute of Urban Transport India (IUTI)* Institute for Transport Policy Studies (ITPS)* Institute for
Transport and Development Policy (ITDP) * Institute of Transport Studies (ITS), University of California, Davis * Inter-American Development Bank
(IDB) * International Association for Public Transport (UITP) * International Energy Agency (IEA) * International Road Assessment Program (iRAP)
*International Road Federation (IRF)* International Transport Forum (ITF) * International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) *
International Union of Railways (UIC) * Korean Transport Institute (KOTI) * Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism, Japan (MLIT)
*Mobility Magazine * National Center for Transportation Studies (NCTS), Philippines * Rockefeller Foundation * Society of Indian Automotive
Manufacturers (SIAM) * Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) *Sustainable Transport Africa *Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation
Company (TUSROC) * The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) * Transport and Environment (T+E) * Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) *
United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD) * United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) * United Nations
Development Program (UNDP) * United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) * United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE) * United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL) * United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) *
United Nations Human Settlement Program (UN-HABITAT)* University College of London, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic
Engineering * University of Transport and Communication (UTCC) Hanoi * University of Twente/ITC-Department of Urban and Regional Planning
(UTC) * VEOLIA Transport * Victoria Transport Policy Institute * Volvo Research and Education Foundations (VREF) *Walk 21 *World Bank * World
Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) * World Street * Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy * WWF
International
“The SLoCaT network is a model for other action networks because of its strategic
vision and leadership that resulted in the major commitments on sustainable
transportation at Rio+20” – NRDC 2013 review of Rio+20 Voluntary Commitments
SLoCaT’s Role in Promoting Sustainable Low Carbon Transport
Universal Access to Clean, Safe and Affordable
Transport
Sustainable
Transport Policy
Sustainable
Development Policy
Processes:


SG Post 2015 Global
Development
Agenda
Rio+20 Follow-up
(SDGs)
Sustainable
Transport Finance
Climate Change
Policy Processes:
•
•
•
Implementation
AWG-LCA
AWG-ADP
(Durban Platform)
GEF 6
Sustainable Transport
Programs and Projects
Regional EST
Forums:
•
•
•
Asia
Africa
Latin America
SLoCaT Members
SLoCaT
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Part 2
PROBLEM SETTING
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Continued Rapid Motorization
 By 2015 Non-OECD will overtake OECD in vehicle
market
 China, now already the largest vehicle market
Don’t overlook freight
Freight OECD 2010-2050
Freight non-OECD 2010-2050
Urban Access
Over 50% of urban trips in many of
the African cities are on foot
Rural Access
• Rural road transport in Africa costs 3 to 5 times
more than main road transport
• Only one in three rural Africans has access to an
all-season road. Those facing more than eight
hours of travel to an urban center are effectively
trapped in subsistence agriculture
1st Mile
Farm/household
Primary market
Wider markets
Air Pollution – Particulate Matter
Globally: 3.2
million premature
deaths and over
74 million years
of healthy life lost
Asia: 2.1 million
premature deaths
and 52 million
years of healthy
life lost
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2010 Global Burden of Disease, the Lancet 2013
10
Estimated population-weighted ambient air
pollution levels - PM2.5
1990 → 2010: 10% increase in global population-weighted PM2.5
1990 → 2010: 50% increase in China population-weighted PM2.5
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Climate Change
• Transport sector to contribute 21% of emission reduction to
ensure 2 DGS by 2050
Climate Change: Black Carbon
Diesel Exhaust Contains a Mix
of Pollutants: Soot particles
(PM), metals, smog-forming
gases, carcinogens and many
other chemicals - 75% of Diesel
PM is black carbon
•
•
•
UNEP/ WMO Joint assessment:
“We estimate that black
carbon…is the second most
important human emission in
terms of its climate-forcing in the
present-day atmosphere”
16 measures could reduce
global warming by 0.5oC (0.20.7oC) in 2050, if implemented
by 2030 (Diesel clean-up among
the key measures)
Complementary, annual health
and crop benefits:
–
–
4/13/2015
2.4 million premature deaths (0.74.6 million) avoided; and
Avoided loss of 52 million tonnes
(30-140 million) of maize, rice, wheat
and soybean
13
Road Safety
•
•
•
1.3 million deaths per year, 20-50 million injuries
8th leading cause of death, 5th in 2030 unless effective action is taken
Economic cost $ 2,240 billion, 3% of annual GDP
Congestion
Cost of congestion in USA
estimated at $ 104 billion
annually
Congestion rapidly
becoming worse in
developing world!
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Part 3
SOLUTIONS
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16
Paradigm shift on development of Transport
Predict and Provide
Build Roads to
promote economic and
social development
Road
safety
1.3 million
deaths
Air
Pollution
3 million
deaths
(large part
transport)
Climate
change –
transport
GHG fast
growing
Congestion
Then
Access not
inclusive – large
groups no access
(urban and rural)
Negative externalities of old paradigm:
6-10% of GDP
Access: (Avoid + Shift + Improve)
Expand/Improv
e Transport
infrastructure
and
services
4/13/2015
:
Avoid
unnecessary
motorized
transport
+
Shift Transport to
most effective
mode
(people and goods)
Now
+
Improve
environmental
performance
transport 17
Travel Demand Management
•
•
Vehicle quota’s in Singapore, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou
Congestion charging in Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan
Bus Rapid Transit
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Public Bike Schemes
China: 119 Bike sharing Programs in 100+
cities with 500,000+ bicycles
Wuhan – largest in the world – 94,000 bikes
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Fuel Economy
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Electric Vehicles
Electric 2-wheelers now- China,
Asia
4/13/2015
Electric 4-wheelers later, no global
22
leader
Integrated Approach
Improving Access
(Infrastructure +
services for all modes)
through Avoid-ShiftImrove
Improve
road safety
Reduce air
pollution
Lessen
congestion
Is cheaper
IEA: A-S-I based approach can
save $50 Trillion by 2050 because
of reduced vehicle/fuel cost –
infrastructure – operating costs
4/13/2015
Emit fewer
GHGs
23
Part 4
TRANSPORT AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
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24
Transport and the Millennium Development Goals
Passenger
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve Universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Transport
Reduce Child Mortality
Improve Maternal Health
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other dieseases
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Freight
Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Transport@Rio+20
Bike ride in support
of sustainable,
low carbon
transport.
June 8, 2012
 Sustainable transport integrated in the outcome
document: “transport and mobility are central
to sustainable development”
 15 voluntary commitments on knowledge,
capacity, policy and financing:
$ 175,000,000,0000
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Road Map for Sustainable Transport and Post 2015 development agenda
Post 2020
Climate
Change
Regime
Ad hoc Working
Group on the Durban
Platform for
Enhanced Action
Action Agenda
2012 - 2017
Secretary
General
Ban Ki-Moon
Energy
Food &
Nutrition
TWG on SG action plan
on sustainable
transport
26 member High Level
Panel on Post 2015
Development Agenda
Post 2015
Sustainable
Development
Framework
Water
Oceans
UN Task Team on Post
2015 Agenda
Transport
Convening Mechanism
Sustainable Transport
Antartica
Outcome
document: “The
Future We Want”
(Sustainable
Transport)
30 Country UNGA
Open Working Group
on SDGs
“UN Friends Group
Sustainable
Transport”
Key Processes on
Sustainable Transport
and Sustainable
Development
Economic and Social
Commission
UN General
Assembly
Belgium and Guyana (lead
reform discussion ECOSOC)
High Level Poli cal Forum on
Sustainable Development
(Successor to CSD, Brazil and Italy
lead development of HLPF format)
1
2
UN-Secretary General
led:
High Level Group on Sustainable
Transport
3
High Level Panel of Eminent
Persons on Post 2015
Development Agenda
Friends of Sustainable Transport
(Led by UK, Indonesia and Liberia)
3
High Level Panel of Eminent
Persons on Post-2015
Development Agenda
UN- Task Team on Post 2015
Development Agenda
4
Open Working Group on
Sustainable Development Goals
5
Regional Environmentally
Sustainable Transport Forum
Country (Party)
led:
4
Open Working
Group on
Sustainable
Development
Goals (SDGS)
Intergovernmental
commi ee for
financing of
sustainable
development
(Hungary and
Kenya led)
(Norway and
Kazakhstan led)
(internal UN-team)
Friends on Sustainable Transport
(Netherlands , Kenya and Thai led)
High Level Group on
Sustainable Transport (HLG-ST)
1
Technical Working Group
(TWG) on Sustainable
Transport
(supports HLG-ST)
5
2
Regional EST Forums
(Africa, Asia, Europe and La n America)
UNCRD or WHO led in coopera on with
Regional Commissions
Na onal and City Transport Policies
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SLoCaT Submission to Open Working Group on Sustainable
Development Goals
Universal Access to Safe, Clean and
Affordable Transport for All
Targe
t
Targe
t
Targe
t
Urban households are able to access jobs, goods and
services within 30 minutes by public transport and/or
walking and cycling and rural households have access to
all weather roads;
Traffic related deaths are cut in half by 2025 with an
ultimate vision of near zero fatalities;
Air pollution from passenger and freight transport is
halved by 2025 and GHG emissions from transport peak
globally latest by 2020 with an ultimate vision of 40-60%
reductions by 2050 compared to 2005 levels.
Access
Economic
Social
Environmental
How to look at transport in post
2015 context ?
Do not look at
transport solely
through energy
lens !
Acknowledge and
respect
institutional
context of
transport sector!
Acknowledge
economic (formal
and informal)
importance of
transport!
Transport is
more than
infrastructure !
How to optimize
transport’s
unique
contribution?
Combine enabling
role with reduced
negative
externalities
Enabling Global
Institutional Framework
“UN-Transport
or Sustainable
Transport4ALL”
SLoCaT
Partnership
Oriented towards scaling up
UN Friends
of
Sustainable
Transport
“SG High Level
Group on
Sustainable
Transport”
Sustainable
Transport
Action
Network
Regional
Environment
-ally
Sustainable
Transport
Forums
Develop political momentum
on sustainable transport
Multi-stakeholder cooperation
UN coherence
Contact:
Cornie Huizenga
cornie.huizenga@slocatpartnership.org
For additional information see:
http://www.slocat.net