COMPANY
INTRODUCTION
2010
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AGENDA
Introduction
Core Business
UV Basics and Advantages
Capabilities
Questions
TROJAN FOUNDING PRINCIPLE
Trojan is uniquely positioned to
bring innovative, technologybased solutions to
municipalities, industrial
enterprises, and consumers to
solve their water related and
process problems in an
environmentally responsible
way.
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TROJAN TODAY
A Global Environmental Business with staff of 650
Canada
US
Europe
China
London & Guelph
Multiple locations
Multiple locations
Multiple locations
(400)
(175)
(50)
(25)
• Over 6,000 municipal UV installations on 6 continents,
treating over 26 billion gallons/day, 4M m³/hr
• UV for municipal, industrial, commercial and consumer applications
• Environmental Contamination Treatment UV-H2O2 for removal of micropollutants, odour and corrosion control
• Partnerships: Over 200 offices in 90 countries on 6 continents
• Logistics & Manufacturing in Canada, US, Europe and China
• Sales in 2009: US$ 220 M.
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TROJAN UV COMPANY OVERVIEW
• Over 30 years of UV water treatment experience
• 650+ employees worldwide
• Annual turnover of US$220M in 2009
• Thousands of UV installations in 6 continents
• Worldwide sales & support
• UV pioneers with dedicated R&D resources
• ISO 9001 Certified, CE, DVGW, UL, CSA, NSF
• Business unit of the Danaher Corporation (DHR)
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DISINFECTION WATERBORNE MICROORGANISMS
Microorganisms in drinking and waste water
represent a risk to Public Health.
Bacteria
Viruses
(E.coli) (Hepatitis, Polio)
Protozoa
(Giardia)
(Cryptosporidium)
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UV DISINFECTION HOW DOES IT WORK?
UV light at the 254 nm
wavelength penetrates the
cell wall of the
microorganism.
The microorganism is
“inactivated” and rendered
unable to reproduce or
infect.
UV Energy
Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic
Membrane
DNA
Nucleic Acid
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UV AS PART OF MULTI-BARRIER STRATEGY
Adenovirus
Typical Chlorine CT for Giardia
Chlorine
UV Dose
Disinfection
Typical Design UV dose = 40mJ/cm2
Rotavirus
Dual
Protection
Poliovirus
Hepatitus A
Streptococcus
E.coli
UV Disinfection
Legionella
Giardia
Crypto
Chlorine CT
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WHY UV? ADVANTAGES
• Effective against bacteria, viruses, and protozoan
pathogens
• No disinfection by-products formed
• Not affected by pH, temperature
• Easy maintenance and operation
• Environmentally friendly technology
• Economical alternative to other disinfection techs
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CORE BUSINESS DISINFECTION
Trojan develops, builds, sells and services innovative UV technologies for:
25,000Disinfection
GPD to 1.5 MGD
1.5 MGD to 20 MGD
Eg. Bacteria, Viruses,
Spores
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Private Potable Water
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewaters
Consumer Drinking Water
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CORE BUSINESS ORGANICS DESTRUCTION
Trojan develops, builds, sells and services innovative UV technologies for:
25,000Disinfection
GPD to 1.5 MGD
Eg. Bacteria, Viruses,
Protozoa
1.5 MGD to 20 MGD
Organics Destruction
Eg. Total Oxidizable
Carbon (TOC)
Municipal Wastewater
Groundwater Remediation
Municipal Drinking Water
Industrial Process Water
Private Potable Water
Industrial Wastewater
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewaters
Consumer Drinking Water
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CORE BUSINESS CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION
Trojan develops, builds, sells and services innovative UV technologies for:
25,000Disinfection
GPD to 1.5 MGD
Eg. Bacteria, Viruses,
Spores
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Private Potable Water
1.5 MGD
Chemical
to 20Destruction
MGD
Eg. Pesticides, oils, taste
and color, corrosives
medicines, carcinogens…
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Organics Destruction
Eg. Total Oxidizable
Carbon (TOC)
Groundwater Remediation
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewater
Groundwater Remediation
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewaters
Consumer Drinking Water
Industrial Wastewater
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UV DESINFECTION SYSTEMS
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UV SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS
Control Panel with
Visual Displays
& Alarms
UV Lamps
UV Sensor
Power Supply (Ballasts)
Quartz
Sleeves
Sleeve Wiping
System
Reactor Chamber
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ADVANTAGES OF UV DISINFECTION
UV disinfection is a physical process
No hazardous or toxic chemicals are used, eliminating public
health concerns associated with THMs, HAAs or other
carcinogenic by-products
UV inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogens, including
Giardia and Cryptosporidium
Inactivation of chlorine-resistant parasites protect downstream
recreational waters and surface waters used as a potable
water source
UV disinfection takes only seconds to inactivate organisms
Since the contact times are short, the footprint required is
minimal and existing chlorine contact tanks can be reused
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ADVANTAGES OF UV DISINFECTION
UV disinfection does not leave a residual disinfectant
No de-chlorination or residual monitoring is required, which
greatly reduces operation and maintenance costs
Receiving waters are not negatively impacted and there is no
risk of overdosing
UV is an accepted, proven technology in thousands of
installations around the world
UV is easily designed by consulting engineers and approved
by regulatory bodies, thereby reducing engineering costs and
reducing permit approval time
Upgradeable to UV oxidation or photolysis system
Treatment process can be upgraded to treat emerging
contaminants, offsetting upgrade costs in the future
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ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT
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HOW DOES UV WORK?
• UV light penetrates the cell wall
• The UV energy permanently
alters the DNA of the
microorganism
• Microorganisms are
“inactivated” and unable to
reproduce or infect
UV Energy
Cell Wall
DNA
Nucleic Acid
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MECHANISM OF UV DISINFECTION
A C G
T G C
T
A
A A
T T
C A G
G T C
DNA Double
Strand
UV
DNA
A C G
T G C
T
A
A A
T T
C A G
G T C
Dimerization
of Thymine
Nucleotides
dimer
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DEFINITION OF UV DOSE
UV Dose = Intensity x Retention Time
(mWs/cm2)
(mW/cm2)
(seconds)
• Higher dose means greater DNA damage and more bugs
are killed
• Different bugs require different doses to achieve same
kills (e.g. bacteria vs. viruses)
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FACTORS AFFECTING UV DOSE
Intensity
Retention Time
Equipment Parameters
• Lamp Spacing
• Reactor Design
• Lamp Age
• Sleeve Fouling (iron, calcium,
etc)
Water Quality Factors
(related to upstream process) • Flow Rate
• UV Transmittance
• Turbidity
• Solids
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UV TRANSMITTANCE
• The ability of light to transmit
through water
• The ratio of light entering the
water to that exiting the water
• Sample length of 1 cm
UV Transmission Scale:
20% - 50%
50% - 70%
• Primary Effluent
• Blended Effluent
• Lagoons
• CSO, SSO
• Secondary Effluent
• Filtered Effluent
• WW Reuse
• Fixed Film Effluent
> 70%
• Post-membrane
• High-level reuse
• Contaminant destruction
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THE EFFECTS OF PARTICLES
Scatter
UV Light
Shade
Particles
UV Lamp
Complete
Penetration
Incomplete Penetration
 limits DNA
damage
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QUARTZ SLEEVE FOULING
 What is Fouling?
•
Accumulation of organic and inorganic material on the quartz surface
•
Absorbs UV light and decreases UV dose available for disinfection
•
All water fouls submerged surfaces
•
Rate of fouling influenced by various site-specific factors (water quality,
hydraulics and velocities,
sleeve surface condition)
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LAMP AGING
•
As lamps age the amount of UV output decreases
•
UV systems should be designed to deliver the required dose at the end of
lamp life (EOLL) to ensure disinfection is met under worst case conditions
•
EOLL should be independently validated to guarantee the system meets
the disinfection requirements
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UV SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
Parameter
Flow Rates
Description
Peak and Average
UV Transmission (%)
Water Quality
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)
TSS size and density
Total Iron (mg/l)
Upstream Treatment
Suspended Growth or Fixed Film
Filtration?
Performance Criteria
UV Dose or Disinfection Limit
Configuration
Footprint or Headloss Limits
Redundancy
Regulated or preferred
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UV SYSTEM VALIDATION
•
As microbes flow through a UV
reactor they will all follow a
different path
•
Some will receive a high dose
and some a lower dose
•
To account for these differences,
“Validated” reactors should be
used
•
“Validation” involves a full-scale
test of the UV system involving
live microbes
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BIODOSIMETERY DETERMINATION
Develop UV dose response data under controlled
laboratory conditions
UV Lamp
Sample
Stirrer
Collimated Beam
Viable Microbial Population
Step 1:
10 6
10 5
10 4
103
102 Challenge Organism
Dose Response
101
10
20
30
40
50
Dose
Dose Response Curve
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BIODOSIMETERY DETERMINATION
Step 2:
Inject test organism into full scale reactor to measure inactivation.
Use organism from same culture.
Organisms
in (No)
Organisms
out (N)
UV Reactor
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BIODOSIMETERY DETERMINATION
Viable Microbial Population
Step 3:
Determine dose from data in Steps 1 and 2
10 6
Challenge Organism Dose Response
10 5
10
Inactivation of test organism in
reactor
4
10 3
10
2
10
1
UV Dose equivalent delivered
by the reactor
10
20
30
40
Dose
50
30
GERMICIDAL UV LAMPS
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UV LIGHT AND ABSORBANCE
254 nm
LP lamp
spectrum
100
80
RELATIVE UNITS
60
40
DNA Damage
20
10
8
6
EColi inactivation
MP lamp
spectrum
4
2
200
220
240
260
UVC
280
300 nm
UVB
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QUESTIONS?
QUESTIONS?
Thank you for your co-operation and attention.
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