Please…
Turn-off cellular phones, pagers
and two-way radios
Place all papers, trash and
beverage containers in trash
receptacles before leaving
No smoking or tobacco products
Be considerate of others in the
classroom
1
Provide assistance in developing a
Written Workplace Safety Program
And Workplace Safety Assessments
Video lending
library
Answer questions on
workplace safety
problems
Training for management or employees on
workplace safety
2
Injuries and Accident Causes
Training and Evaluation
Battery Charging
Traveling
Operation
Maintenance
4
PITs have many applications
Hauling
Lifting
Pulling
Stacking
PITs must only be used for those jobs
for which they were designed
5
PITs must only be used for the purpose
for which they were intended
Follow manufacturer’s instructions
Modifications must
have written approval
from the manufacturer
Changes must be noted
on the name plate
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Nameplates must have this information:
Weight
Designation
Rated capacity
Any modifications
Load center
Lifting height
Attachments
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Accidents cause:
Personal injury
Increased costs
Pain and suffering
Worker’s Comp
Lost work time
Property damage
Permanent
disability
Loss of business
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Common hazards
Falling load accidents
Excessive speed
Operator’s vision
can be obscured
Tendency to become
unstable
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Prevent PIT accidents by:
Training and certifying operators
Maintaining PITs properly
Following proper operating procedures:
Following safety rules/regulations
Observing workplace surroundings
Knowing the limitations of the equipment
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Powered Industrial Trucks (PITs):
Often weigh more than a car or light truck
Are very powerful for their size
Use rear wheel steering
Can turn in a tighter circle
than most vehicles
Are often less than four feet wide
Have no suspension systems (in most PITs)
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Unlike a car or truck, lift trucks use the
rear wheels for steering
12
The center of gravity of a PIT shifts
upwards quickly as the load is raised
The shift is more pronounced when making
turns with the load raised or when operating
on a slope
Stability Triangle: The triangle formed between the three
support points (A, B, & C) on the underside of the truck.
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Load CG
Load CG
Vertical
Stability Line
(Line of Action)
Combined CG
Combined CG
Truck CG
The vehicle is stable
Truck CG
Vertical
Stability Line
(Line of Action)
This vehicle is unstable and
will continue to tip over
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Loads must be stable and safely arranged
Caution must be used when the load
can’t be centered
Within the rated truck capacity
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B
Vehicle Center of
Gravity (Unloaded)
A
C
Center of Gravity
of Vehicle and
Maximum Load
(Theoretical)
Notes:
1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C.
Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the
combined CG should never be at line B-C.
2. The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A
and result in a truck that is less stable laterally.
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Place the load so that the load's center of
gravity is close to the fulcrum point
This will cause the center of gravity for both the
truck and the load to shift behind the front wheels
Wrong
Right
17
If the center of gravity moves too far
forward, the PIT can tip to the front
18
Ensure PIT operators are competent to
operate a PIT safely by training them in:
Truck-related topics
Workplace-related topics
19
Benefits of training:
Specialized instruction
Creates proficiency
Measures employee's skills
and knowledge
Provides records for proof
of certification
20
Trainees may operate a PIT:
Only under direct supervision of a
qualified person
Without endangering themselves or others
Training must be:
Formal
Practical
Evaluated
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Formal training topics (generally
considered truck-related topics)
Operating instructions, warnings and
precautions
For the type of truck for which the
operator will be authorized
Differences between PITs and automobiles
Truck controls and instrumentation
Location, purpose and how they work
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Formal training topics
Engine or motor operations
Steering and maneuvering
Visibility
Vehicle capacity and
stability
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Provide training about the area in
which the PIT will be used
Surface conditions
Composition of loads and their stability
Load manipulation,
stacking, and un-stacking
Pedestrian traffic
24
Provide training about the area in
which the PIT will be used
Hazardous locations and/or conditions
Restricted areas and narrow aisles
Ramps and other
sloped surfaces
Closed environments
25
Refresher training, including an evaluation
of the effectiveness of that training, must be
conducted
An evaluation of each powered industrial
truck operator's performance must be
conducted at least once every three years
26
Refresher training is required if:
The operator has been observed to be
operating in an unsafe manner or was
given a poor evaluation
Operator was involved in
an accident or near miss
Workplace conditions
change
27
Avoiding duplicative training
Previous training is acceptable if it is
appropriate to the PIT and working
conditions
Evaluation of drivers must still be
conducted at least once every three years
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The employer must certify that each
operator has been trained and evaluated,
and the certification must include the:
Type of equipment
Name of the operator
Date of the training
Date of the evaluation, and
Identity of the person(s) performing the
training or evaluation
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Locate battery charging installations in
areas designated for that purpose
Provide facilities for:
Flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte
Fire protection
Protecting charging apparatus
from damage by PITs, and
Adequate ventilation for
dispersal of fumes from gassing batteries
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When charging PIT batteries:
Use a conveyor or other material
handling equipment for handling batteries
Use a carboy tilter for handling electrolyte
When charging batteries, pour acid
into water; don’t pour water into acid
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When charging PIT batteries:
Position PITs and apply the brakes before
changing or charging batteries
Prohibit smoking, and prevent open flames,
sparks, or electric arcs in the charging area
Keep tools and other metallic objects away
from the tops of uncovered batteries
32
When charging PIT batteries, use the
proper PPE for the hazards involved
Chemical goggles and face shields
Chemical aprons and gloves
Safety-toe boots
Have an eyewash in the area
in case electrolyte is splashed
into the eyes
33
Store and handle:
Liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel
in accordance with NFPA Flammable and
Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 301969), incorporated by reference
Liquefied petroleum gas fuel in accordance
with NFPA Storage and Handling of Liquefied
Petroleum Gases (NFPA No. 58-1969),
incorporated by reference
34
Safe operating procedures must be
observed at all times
Observe specified speed limits
Use safe following distances
Three truck lengths
Make sure the PIT is under the control
of the operator at all times
35
Safe operating procedures
Yield the right of way to emergency service
vehicles
Passing is prohibited at blind spots and
at dangerous locations
Wet or slippery driving surfaces require
slower speeds
36
Dock boards or bridge plates
Must be secured prior
to driving on them
Never exceed their
rated capacity
Avoid running over
loose objects
Ascend or descend
grades slowly
37
On grades the load and engaging means:
Must be tilted back
Raised just enough to clear the road surface
Usually 4 to 6 inches
No stunt driving or horseplay
38
Where vision is obscured and at cross
aisles, the driver must slow down and
sound the horn
39
If the load obstructs the forward view,
the driver is required to travel with the
load trailing
40
Never drive up to anyone standing in
front of a fixed object
Never stand under an elevated portion
of the truck
Whether loaded
or unloaded
41
Riders are prohibited unless a safe place to
ride is provided
42
People are NOT
counterweights!
43
Operators must keep their arms and
legs within the truck
Unattended vehicles must have the:
Load engaging means fully lowered
Controls neutralized
Power shut off
Brakes set
Wheels blocked on inclines
44
A PIT is unattended when:
Not in the operator’s view, or
The operator is more than 25 feet away
45
Maintain safe distances from edges of
ramps or platforms when on elevated
docks, platforms, and freight cars
46
Opening or closing freight doors with a
PIT is prohibited
Brakes must be set and wheels blocked in
place when unloading:
Rail cars
Trucks
Trailers
47
Jacks may be necessary to support a
semi-trailer during loading or unloading
WRONG!!!
RIGHT
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Make sure the truck and trailer will
support the weight of the PIT
49
Carry loads low enough to avoid striking:
Pipes
Sprinkler systems
Lights
Doorways
Other objects
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Protect operators from falling objects
by using:
An overhead guard
A load backrest to prevent
the load from falling
toward the operator
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Be aware of and stay clear of pinch points
52
Equipment used to lift
personnel must be
approved by the
manufacturer for this
purpose
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NOT acceptable for lifting workers…
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An PIT in need of repair must be taken
out of service until repaired
When filling a fuel tank, the engine must
be turned off
Trucks must be examined before use
At least daily
If used round-the-clock, checked after
each shift
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Employer certifies
Training requirements
Formal
Practical
Evaluation
Initial, after retraining,
and every three years
Retraining when and as
necessary
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The training you receive in this program is
intended to assist you in becoming familiar with
regulatory requirements. It is not, nor is it
intended to be, a substitute for the training
requirements of your business under federal, state
or local law. This program is intended to highlight
regulatory requirements. It does not contain all of
the information contained in the regulations, nor
does it address every regulation. Participants are
urged to refer to specific regulations as needed.
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