Chapter 11
Internationalism and Nationalism
To what extent do
efforts to promote
internationalism
through world
organizations affect
nationalism?
IN THIS CHAPTER
We will be learning about:
• Key terms; responsibility to protect, common human
heritage, and trickle-down effect and voluntary
balkanization.
• The WTO (world trade organization).
• The relationship between the WTO and sovereign
governments.
• Developing responses to the following questions:
• How have changing world conditions promoted
internationalism?
• How have the United Nations’ changing international
responses affected nationalism?
• How do the responses of various international organizations
affect nationalism?
HOW HAVE CHANGING WORLD CONDITIONS
PROMOTED THE NEED FOR INTERNATIONALISM? Pg 254
Changing world conditions have promoted the way people
travel, communicate, socialize, and experience other new
things. The more the world becomes more internationally
connected the more effect it has on other countries as a
whole. This can effect culture, health or politics. A big way the
world has promoted internationalism is from air travel. A few
other big effects that the international community faces is
climate change and terrorism. This is when global decisions
are needed.
Global Communication
Pg 254
By the 1960’s the internet still did not exist but many people
were sure that an information revolution was going to happen
the way that data was being transferred and stored.
A man named Marshall McLuhan already knew that this was
happening. The way that technology was developing made it
easier to buy things or cheaper to store important
information. Marshall said that the electronic information
systems was going to have a huge impact on human societies.
The Global Village
The invention of new technology such as the internet and so on
that are used today prove that there are no barriers between
people around the world and the way they communicate.
Voluntary Balkanization
• Not all people believe that an
online community promotes an
international frame of mind.
• Marshall van Alstyne and Erik Brynjolfsson are two experts
who studied the online community, and their research has
shown that people only connect with people like themselves.
• As a result, these same people only trust those people with
the same values and become less willing to trust those
whose values are different from their own.
• Example: Star Trek fans, sports fans,
medical professionals, and even militia groups
Voluntary Balkanization continued
• Balkanization is the separation of people into
isolated, hostile groups.
– An example of this is what happened in the former
Yugoslavia.
• Van Alstyne and Brynjolfsson are concerned with
this process because it will make it difficult for
people to understand the views of others.
• Losing the bonds created by these experiences
may harm the structure of democratic societies.
HOW HAVE THE UNITED NATIONS’ CHANGING
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES AFFECTED
NATIONALSIM? pg 257
• Some of the people think that the UN should be reevaluated, due to some of the things that have
happened.
– Rwanda and Yugoslavia.
• The people say this because they did not stop the
violence in the two countries they are not effective.
Changing the direction of the United
Nations
• In 2004 a panel of diplomats and international
leaders considered the future of the UN .
• They sent out a report called A More Secure
World: Our Shared Responsibility .
– It recommended the UN should relax its tradition of
staying out of internal conflicts.
• Also in the report the UN has a responsibility to
protect ( means that UN has to protect people in a
country that is not enough security.)
– This protection could include humanitarian aid ,
diplomatic missions, and as a last resort- military force
Iran Challenges U.N. page 258
• Iran signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968 to
prevent spread of nuclear weapons.
• The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) found out
that Iran had been making uranium for 18 yrs in secret.
• Uranium can be used for domestic use or for nuclear
weapons build-up.
• Iran refused to stop the uranium build-up after the IAEA told
Iran to stop.
• The Iranian government threatened the U.S.A.. People
believe that Iran is building up their nuclear weapons to
carry out their threats
• Iran does not want to succumb to other nations demands
and sacrifice their national interests.
Iran’s conflict with the UN
Protecting Common Human Heritage
• The U.N. created the UNESCO
(United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization) in 1945.
• The UNESCO was created to
create respect for all civilizations
and culture.
• One of the challenges that the
UNESCO has is to protect the
natural and cultural sites the are
apart of a human heritage.
The logo of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization.
If killer whales were considered part of the natural heritage, would the
international community do more to protect these mammals?
Threats to the Common Human Heritage
The 2000 year old statue of the
Buddha in Bamiyan, Afghanistan.
It was destroyed in 2001 by the
Taliban government. It is now
being rebuilt by the current
Afghan government .
Did the Taliban leaders have
the right to destroy the
Buddha statues?
Pg.261
Mount Robson
• Mount Robson is the highest peak in the
Canadian Rockies.
3954
meters
tall
Mount Robson
Mount Robson is
located in British
Columbia
World Heritage Sites in Canada
Dinosaur Provincial Park
Richest
fossil beds
in the
world.
These are what the
badlands look like
The fossils are 65 million
to 100 million years old
This is the Royal Tyrell Museum
were all the fossils found go.
Some fossils
The Dinosaur Provincial
Park is around Drumheller
The historic Prince of Wales Hotel is a landmark in Waterton Lakes National
Park. In 1931, this park was united with Glacier National Part in Montana to
form the first international peace park. The purpose was to emphasize that
international co-operation is required to protect natural areas. But what
might happen if the government decided to sell the park because the money
was needed to support a program that was in the national interest?
UNESCO (United Nations Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization)
was made to protect common human
heritage.
A major problem that this
organization has is that in sovereign
nation-states what occurs within
their borders is all under their
control.
HOW DO THE RESPONSES OF VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZTIONS AFFECT NATIONALSIM?
Indonesian farmers gathered to protest WTO director general Pascal Lamy’s visit to
their country. The farmers believe that WTO rules will prevent their government from
protecting domestic agriculture and that this will destroy their livelihoods. Is the WTO
the most appropriate target for protests like this?
• When trade increases everyone
benefits-big business , small
business and individuals.
• Trickle-down effect- all countries
become stronger and richer
because when developed
countries have more money, they
will spend more money on
products from developing
countries .
• WTO and the EU promote this
idea.
Page: 264
Rich people with
big businesses
have more money
and invest in more
business
opportunities
Improved communication,
faster and safer transportation,
and trade are some of the
forces that shape globalization
but also shape the growth of
internationalism. May
encourage internationalism and
co-operation among countries.
Trickledown effects
They spend
more
money
Workers get more
business in work in
small business in
less developed
countries
The World Trade Organization is the only global
international organization dealing with the rules of trade between
nations.
MANY POEPLE
OPPOSE THE WTO
What bias does this cartoon favor?
As of 2008 the
WTO had 150
member!!!
“What make’s the WTO so powerful is that it
has the… authority to challenge laws,
policies, and programs of countries that do
not conform to WTO rules and strike them
down if they are seen to be too ‘trade
restrictive.’”
Maude Barlow
When a WTO ruling
has been created, it is
required for the world
to conform.
The
European
Union, 2008
Both WW 1
and WW II
began as
conflicts
between
European
countries and
spread
around the
world. Do
you believe
that cooperating in
the EU
reduces the
chances that
another war
will start in
the same
way?
Canada Supports WTO
• Canada supports the WTO and believes the WTO
can strengthen Canada’s economic security
• Canada’s prosperity depends on open world
market , stable and transparent trade
environment , and means to settle trade
disputes through rules rather than political or
economic power
• Membership in WTO helps Canada achieve these
objectives
Smaller powers may oppose the WTO
• Trade agreements may hurt economies because
the larger power usually makes the rules
• It may also effect smaller economies because the
larger power may use its size to scare and push
the smaller economy around to get what they
want
• The smaller power may try to tell the authorities
but this is rare and they are usually threatened to
stay silent other wise be “beaten up”
Cultural and Language-Based Organizations pg 266
• Groups that share a
common bond over
language and culture.
• Examples: Indigenous
peoples and Francophones
– These groups work to
promote their identities.
International Indigenous Peoples
Organization
• Formed in 1973 to further
the mutual interests of
Indigenous peoples.
• World Council of Indigenous
Peoples (WCIP) was one of
the first international
groups focused on
Indigenous peoples rights.
• Other examples include:
– Inuit Circumpolar Conference
– Arctic Councils Conference
The Arctic Council
• In 1961, all eight of the worlds
Arctic reps met to discuss
ways to protect the
environment there. The Arctic
council was formed five years
later.
• Today the Arctic council deals
with, biodiversity,
sustainability, emergency
preparedness, living conditions
for Arctic residents, pollution,
and climate change.
Inuit hunters follow polar bear tracks
across the snow-covered ice of Frobisher
Bay near Tonglait, Nunavut. Older Inuit
remember spending up to 10 months a
year on the land, but global climate
change has reduced this time so that six
months is now the upper limit in many
areas. How might the issue of global
climate change highlight the importance
of the Artic Council?
Page 267
The La Francophonie is a cultural
and linguistic community of nations.
The La Francophonie Flag (above)
French was an official language of
international organizations as of
1970.
Making a Difference
Read “Making a Difference” Mary Simon – A Life Devoted to Activism
Would you describe Mary as a nationalist or a internationist – or both? Cite evidence
to support your judgment.
Would membership in international organizations like th Inuit Circumpolar
Conference and the Arctic Council be likely to strengthen or weaken the Inuit sense
of national identity?
Assignment pg 269
The View From Here
Read and think about the four thinkers
presented.
Complete “Explorations” at the bottom of the
page. You should have three separate answers
to the three questions posed.