Age of Oil
UNIT 10
Spindletop
In your journal, create a Visual
Timeline (one that includes words
and pictures) out of the following
dates. You have 15 minutes.
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1900 -Hurricane of 1900 in Galveston
1901- Discovery of Oil at Spindletop
1917-1918 World War I
1918-1931 Prohibition
1920-19th Amendment (Women’s Suffrage)
 1800-1920 The Progressive Era
Oil Discovery at Spindletop
in 1901 (Beaumont,Texas)
 Social Impact
 Improved the standard of living
 In your journal, answer the following question in a
complete sentence.
 What do you think a standard of living is?
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January 10, 1901 was a day that people will never forget. It started out
Beaumont
a clear and cold day in ___________, Texas.
Spindletop
On _________ Hill, three men were working on an oil derrick. They put
a new bit on the drill and lowered it back into the 1,020 foot hole they
had been drilling for months.
Suddenly, they heard a hissing sound. Then they had to run for cover
because mud shot out of the hole, along with four tons of drilling pipe.
After everything got quiet, they returned to the oil derrick to clean up
the mess.
oil
Next, the earth began to shake as ______ erupted out of the
ground. The roar of the geyser of oil was deafening. The oil shot 100
feet above the derrick and 3,000 gallons of oil spewed into the air
every minute. People, homes and animals were covered in oil. This
was the boom that shook the world!
1901
From January 10,________, (the year
Spindletop was discovered) through
September 30, 2000, Spindletop produced
155,700,000 barrels of oil. A barrel of crude
oil amounts to 42 gallons, so 6,539,400,000
gallons have been produced.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRKj4SW
a6EI&feature=player_detailpage
Where Does Oil Come From???
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petroleum
Crude oil - also called ______________is found trapped in some of the sedimentary
rocks (formed by water, wind or ice) of the Earth's crust. Millions of years ago huge
numbers of microscopic animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea.
Their remains were covered by mud.
rock
As the mud sediment was buried by more sediment, it started to change into ______
as the temperature and pressure increased. The plant and animal remains were
"cooked" by this process and slowly changed into crude oil.
When the rocks are solid (cap rock), the oil gets trapped deep underground. Oil will
tend to be trapped where rocks are domed upwards.
drill
Oil companies can ________ down through the rocks to get it out and then turn it into
products we can use.
millions
Crude oil takes _________ of years to form and we are using it up more quickly than
it forms.
resource
This is why we call crude oil a non-renewable ______________.
50
Present estimates are that our supplies of crude oil will run out in about _____ years
time unless we use it more efficiently.
Oil Discovery at Spindletop
 Political Impact
 Involvement of the Texas Railroad Commission –
set limits to regulate and control oil prices
Oil Discovery at Spindletop
 Economic Impact
 Growth of cities and rise of boomtowns
 Increased jobs and oil-related services
 Development of other parts of the state
 Growth of the automobile industry
Note how Oil and
Natural Gas is found
in many areas of
Texas
Boom and Bust Cycles
 Agriculture was the leading industry
 Expansion of urban areas created demand of
agricultural products
 The value of agricultural products increased
 Farmers increase production by using new
machines
 Prices dropped because too many agricultural
products flooded the market
In your journal, create a graphic
organizer displaying this cycle for Oil
using the previous slide
Effects of the Galveston
Hurricane
 6,000-8,000 died
 Major industries in Galveston moved inland to
Houston
 City of Galveston built a seawall and
increased the elevation of the city
 http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/e
nvironment/environment-naturaldisasters/hurricanes/us-galveston1900-vin/
REFORM MOVEMENTS IN TEXAS
DURING THE 19TH-20TH CENTURY
Populist Movement
 Populism- Nationwide movement of rural
citizens who did not benefit from the modern
lifestyle made by the growth of industry
 Goal – Wanted the government of the people
to protect the interests of common workers
 Farmer’s Alliance – (farmers, ranchers, and
workers) spread throughout South Texas
forming their own party in 1892
Populist movement continued
 Demanded government regulation of
businesses: public ownership of the railroads,
telephone, and telegraph lines
 Called for labor reform and the direct election
of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment 1913)
Progressive movement
 Legislative reforms were passed in the areas
of labor, child labor, education, prisons,
banking and public safety. These reforms
included protecting Texans.
 Most reforms ignored minorities
Women’s suffrage
 19th amendment gave women the right to
vote in the United States
 The Texas Equal Suffrage Association
supported and campaigned for the passage
of the amendment
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pla
yer_embedded&v=SwxOubx_VUs
Agrarian Groups
 Grange
 The Grange or Patrons of Husbandry organized in
Texas in 1873.
 Offered cooperation in business, happier home
lives, more social contacts, and better educational
opportunities.
Labor Unions
 Texas Farmers Union
 1902- A small newspaper editor organized this
Union after the failure of the Populist Party
 They were active in agricultural and rural public
policies.
Civil Rights Movement
 Grew out of the Temperance (prohibition of alcohol)
movement.
 1929 – League of United Latin American Citizens
(LULAC) was formed in Corpus Christi to protect the
rights of Spanish Speaking people.
 August 18, 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the
right to vote in the United States
 1920’s – Jane McCallum was a member of the
“Petticoat Lobby” which worked for education,
prison reform, prohibition, mother and child health,
literacy, and the elimination of child labor.
 Do you feel that we still need to reform some things in
Texas? Answer this in your journal in a complete sentence.
World War I
 Political Impact
 Approximately 200,000 Texans fought
 Edward M. House was the closest advisor to
President Wilson
 Four major military camps were set up in Texas:
Camp Bowie in Fort Worth, Camp Travis in San
Antonio, Camp Logan in Houston, and Camp
MacArthur in Waco
World War I
 Economic Impact
 Raised money buying Liberty Bonds
 Women joined the workforce
 Some foods were rationed
How do you think women joining the workforce
effected society in Texas?
World War I
 Social Impact
 Approximately 5000 Texans gave their lives
 Approximately 500 women from Texas served as
nurses
James Hogg
 Helped start the Texas Railroad Commission
 Texas Railroad Commission regulated oil prices
 First native born Texan to become Governor
 Noted advocate of law enforcement and a
crusader against crime
Key Leaders in Science and
Technology
 Howard Hughes Sr.
 Developed a new type of drill bit called the rotary
drill bit. The bit made it possible to drill through
very hard rock to reach oil deep underground.
(1909 patent)
 The drill bit revolutionized the oil industry which is
one of the largest industries in Texas
Technological Advances
 Directional drilling – is the practice of drilling
non-vertical wells. Allows drilling to occur in
different land forms
 Deep Sea Drilling – Drilling that can occur in
the depths of the ocean. New oil reserves
have been found and the industry has
flourished.