Why equity and sustainability?
How can we….
 Maintain progress in ways that
are equitable and that do not
harm the environment?
 Meet the development
aspirations of poor people
worldwide?
 Promote policies that will
advance both equity and
sustainability?
Environmental and inequality
trends threaten
human development progress
Environmental trends threaten
human development progress
By 2050, the global HDI would be:

19% higher than it is today.
•
Largest increase in developing
countries (24%).
•
44% for Sub-Saharan Africa
and 36% for South Asia.

8% lower in an environmental
challenge scenario.
•
12% for South Asia and SubSaharan Africa.

15% lower in an environmental
disaster scenario.
•
Dramatic impact on
developing countries
•
24% for Sub-Saharan Africa
and 22% for South Asia.
Environmental trends threaten
human development progress
HDI
… and development gaps will be harder to close
By 2050:

Without new environmental
challenges: inequality is
expected to decrease.

Environmental challenge
scenario: reduction in
inequality is predicted to
slow down.

Environmental disaster
scenario: widening
inequality, reversing current
trends.
Inequalities generate losses on human development
and also threaten future progress

Our Inequality-adjusted HDI reveals losses of 23% of HDI globally.

Health and education disparities are narrowing, but income inequality is
worsening.
• Average country-level income inequality increased around 20 percent
over 1990–2005.

Higher levels of gender inequality (GII) is associated with lower levels of
sustainability.
• Meeting unmet need for family planning could cut carbon emissions by
about 17% by 2050.

1.5 billion people lack electricity, 2.6 billion lack access to basic sanitation.
• If current trends continue, more people will lack access to modern
energy in 2030 than today.
Environmental challenges are
wide spread and their effects are
more severe on the poorest, both
at the macro level...
Environmental challenges are driven by climate
change and chronic environmental threats

Global temperatures are rising.
•
Now average 0.75°C higher.
than at the beginning of the
20thcentury.

Sea level is rising.
•
20 centimeters higher today
than in 1870

Likelihood of natural disasters is
increasing.
•
Average number per year
doubled over 25 years

Loss of forest cover threatens
livelihoods and biodiversity.
•
Low HDI countries
experience greatest losses
(11%).
Poorest countries have been worst affected by
changes in precipitation
•
Overall Decline in
precipitation of more
than 4%.
•
Increased variability.
•
Sub-Saharan Africa
experienced largest
decline, more than 7%.
… and at the household level
Environmental challenges have a negative
impact on poor households

Education:
• Environmental challenges constrain both enrolment and progress
of enrolled children.

Livelihoods:
• Significant risks for 350 million people who rely on forests for
subsistence and incomes.
• Similarly for 45 million (6 million are women) that fish for a living.

Health:
• Indoor air pollution kills 11 times more people in low HDI
countries
• Each year 3 million children under age 5 die from environmentrelated diseases.
In poor households, environmental
deprivations are widespread
 The poor suffer multiple environmental deprivations (MPI)
• 80% experience two or more, and 29% face all three.
 Nearly 90% lack access to modern cooking fuels, 80% lack
adequate sanitation, and 35% lack clean water.
 In South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
• 90% of lack access to modern cooking fuels
• 85% lack access to improved sanitation.
 In several Arab States more than 60% face water shortages.
Development aspirations of
poor people must be met in a
framework of global and
local sustainability
Rising to the policy challenges at the
local level
 Change the development model towards more sustainable production
and consumption patterns
 Clean and safe environment – a right not a privilege.
•
Promote more inclusive participation in governance and policymaking by those most vulnerable to environmental hazards.
 Meeting development aspirations of poor people while preserving the
environment.
• Promising examples of win-win policies exist at the national level.
 The scale of the challenge demands massive simultaneous investment
and innovation.
This can be done; an incremental
approach is not enough.
A macro shift is needed
For a macro shift, we need global innovations
 Current development finance is insufficient and with unequal
access (countries and sectors).
 New financing sources: Currency Transactions Tax
• Feasibility of implementation and growing high-level support
 Reforms for greater equity and access to finance.
• State role in catalyzing private resources
• “Deal-flow” climate facilities to help local actors with the
complex requirements to access climate finance
• National climate funds to promote blending of resources
For a macro shift, we need global innovations
 Swift implementation of UN Universal Energy Access Initiative.
• Global campaign
• Removing barriers to technology diffusion
• Support of National low-emission, climate-resilient development
strategies.
 Achieving this would increase CO2 emissions by only 0.8%
• Estimated annual investment is less than an eighth of annual
subsidies for fossil fuel.
Promoting human development
requires addressing sustainability.
This can and should be done in ways
that are equitable and empowering
Human Development Index
values and rank changes in the
2011 Human Development
Report
HDI values and rank
 The 2011 Human Development Report presents
• HDI values and ranks for 187 countries and UN-recognized territories
• Inequality-adjusted HDI for 134 countries
• Gender Inequality Index for 146 countries and
• Multidimensional Poverty Index for 109 countries
Ukraine’s HDI value and rank
 Ukraine’s HDI value for 2011 is 0.729—in the high human
development category—positioning the country at 76 out of 187
countries and territories
 Between 1990 and 2011, Ukraine’s HDI value increased from 0.707 to
0.729, an increase of 3.0 per cent or average annual increase of about
0.1 per cent
 Ukraine’s 2011 HDI of 0.729 is below the average of 0.741 for countries
in the high human development group and below the average of 0.751
for countries in Europe and Central Asia
Ukraine’s IHDI, GII and MPI
 Ukraine’s HDI for 2011 is 0.729. When the value is discounted for
inequality, the HDI falls to 0.662, a loss of 9.2 per cent due to
inequality in the distribution of the dimension indices
 Ukraine has a GII value of 0.335, ranking it 57 out of 146 countries in
the 2011 index
 In Ukraine 2.2 per cent of the population suffer multiple deprivations
while an additional 1.0 per cent are vulnerable to multiple deprivations