Taking Sustainability in
Parking to the Next
Level…
IPI Sustainability Roadshow
TPTA, March 2014
Michael Cramer & Rachel Yoka, LEED AP
Objectives
• Offered by IPI Sustainability Committee
• Review applicable frameworks for parking and
sustainability
• Share best practices in municipal, university,
healthcare, and campus settings
• Discuss your concerns, questions, ideas
• Serve as a “listening” session
• Any questions, topics?
Houston Headlines
• Mayor Parker Commits to
Further Reduce City’s
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• City of Houston to Launch
First Municipal Electric
Vehicle Car Sharing
Program
• 2035 Regional
Transportation Plan Update:
Recommends $9.5 Billion
for transit
Topics
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Big Picture
Frameworks
Case Studies
Trending Now
"For all the implications of ‘sprawl’ –
from job loss and economic decline,
to alarming obesity, asthma rates and segregation,
to the loss of habitat and global warming,
to our dangerous dependence on foreign oil—
all of them are driven by one fundamental problem:
the mismatch between where we live and where we
work.“
Shaun Donovan, Secretary , Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
February 2010
VMT decreases
Demographic Change
Placemaking:
Building healthy places
• Principles of healthy design align with sustainability
and smart growth
• Density, Street connectivity, Mixed-use
• Pedestrian friendly communities can command a real
estate premium
• Role of TOD and structured parking, maximizing shared
use
2035 Regional Transportation Plan
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Light Rail Lines and Fixed Route Lines
Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Livable Centers
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Five new trails adding 15 miles to existing
network
Since installing bike racks, METRO has
logged more than 150,000 bike boardings
Completed Livable Centers studies
Air Quality
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4,764 NuRide participants – reduced
20,895,357 VMT
7,031 riders in 700 vanpools – reduced
5,118,543 VMT
3,000 teleworkers from 26 participating
companies
Clean Cities/Clean Vehicles: Replaced or
retrofitted 60 engines – reduced 1,175 tons of
NOx
Transit choice: Fleet Share
• Municipal fleet sharing program
through ZipCar
• 50 city-owned fleet vehicles (25
Nissan Leaf Evs and other plug-in
electric and hybrid vehicles
• use by city employees
• Six EV charging stations in City
Hall Annex Garage
• 300 workers in 13 downtown
departments, over 7,000
reservations
• Washington DC Pilot:
• Saved $300,000 during four
month pilot, $1 million in first year
• Projects $6 million over five years
State of the market:
our industry
"If you plan for cars and traffic, you get cars and
traffic. If you plan for people and places, you get
people and places."
Fred Kent , Founder & President, Project for Public Spaces
Parking as catalyst
• Hamilton Square, Philadelphia, PA
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Pedestrian connectivity
Walkability
Mixed use/Shared use
Economic revitalization
Parking as a platform for sustainability
Frameworks
• LEED
• New Construction
• Existing Buildings
• Neighborhood
Development
• Green Globes
• Green Parking Council
• International Green
Construction Code
• Codes: ASHRAE, others
• Energy Star
• And that’s a short list…
Frameworks
IPI Sustainability Framework
Frameworks: LEED
• Infill development – parking lots
count
• Density – typically required for
structured parking
• Accessibility to transit
• Alternative fuel vehicles, low
emission vehicles, carpools
• Bike parking & facilities
• Stormwater management – quality
and quantity
• Roofing choices – cool, green,
solar
• Optimize energy efficiency
• Reduce water consumption
Frameworks: GPC
• Open source, organic
• “None of us is as smart as all
of us”
• Intersection of parking,
green building, clean
technology, renewable
energy, smart grid
infrastructure, urban
planning and sustainable
mobility
• Demonstrator Site program
completed (pilot)
• Certification program beta
Frameworks: GPC
• Focus on parking
structure as building type
• New/planned
• Existing
• Adapted to the specifics
and benchmarks of our
industry
• Segmented approach
• Design and technology
• Programs
• Management
• Certification first,
accreditation to follow
Focus on Parking
Management
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Pricing
Sharing
TMA/TMO
CXA
Regional
Labor
Pricing
Daily Vs. Monthly Parking
• Research shows daily
parking more effective
at influencing travel
behavior
• Monthly parking
induces driving – get
your money’s worth
• Daily parking forces a
frequent choice about
commuting behavior
Focus on Parking
Programs/Ops
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Placemaking
Traffic Flow
Wayfinding
Operational
Specificity
Focus on Parking
Technology/Design
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Payment
systems
EV Charging
Stations
Energy
Efficient
Lighting and
Ventilation
Pursuit of Net
Zero
Life Cycle
Assessment
Management and Operations
Think about water
• Operational water use
• Stormwater management
• Natural
• Infrastructure
• Water efficient
landscaping
• Rainwater harvesting
• Greywater reuse
Greening the Roof
• Stormwater retention requirements
• Balance green roof size with accommodating
additional parking spaces
Greening the Surface
• Operational/
Programmatic
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Bike share and storage
Car share
AFV parking/discounts
EV charging
Solar modules
Variable pricing
• Design
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Pervious paving
Lighting choices
Solar applications
Cool pavement
applications
• Landscape architecture
• Pocket parks/amenity
space/off peak usage
Greening the Surface
Increasing Focus on Energy
Efficiency
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EPA Portfolio Manager
EPA Battle of the Buildings
IGCC
Energy Efficiency analysis
and upgrades
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HVAC systems
Lighting
Operational procedures
Commissioning
• CxA
• EBCx
Management and Operations
Benchmarking
• Battle of the
Buildings (EPA
Competition)
• Winner:
• University of
Central Florida
Parking Garage
C, Orlando,
Florida
• Reduced Energy Use by 63.2%
• Cost Savings: $34,907
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Prevented: 258 metric tons
Management and Operations
Lighting Choices
• Decreased
environmental impact
• Significant reduction in
operating costs
• Safety and security in
all parts of an operation
• Reduced carbon
footprint
• Responsible disposal at
end of life
• New design vs. retrofit
Why Lighting?
• Lighting retrofits tend to be
low cost and high return
• Average payback is less
than 24 months
• Rapidly advancing
technology
• Better light
• Lower prices
• Higher efficiency
• High utility rebates and tax
incentives
Lighting Choices: Lakeland
Lakeland HealthCare Parking Facility, St. Joseph, MI
• Four-level facility; 231 metal halide fixtures with 175W lamps
• Power outages caused lamp/ballast failures, raising security
concerns
Selected Solution (LED):
• Immediately powered on after power outage
• Reduced use energy and maintenance
• $52,316 annually
• 326,299 kWh annually
• Avoided 635,435 pounds of CO2 annually
Lighting Choices: Super Park
Proactive Asset Management
• Design to last
• Spec products
that think about
life cycle
• Joint sealants
• Water repellants
• Plan and budget
for proactive
maintenance
Trending Now
TPTA – Your Turn!
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Burning questions
Challenges
What did we forget
Local projects
Innovative approaches
Best practices
Areas to research
Taking Sustainability in
Parking to the Next
Level…
IPI Sustainability Roadshow
TPTA, March 2014
Michael Cramer & Rachel Yoka, LEED AP
Case Study: CRDA
Project Context
• “Gateway” to the city: aesthetics
critical to success
• Demand for additional parking
to serve AC destinations
• Urban infill, highly visible project
• Pedestrian connections,
walkability
Sustainable Strategies:
Renewable Energy
• 54,000 SF, 400 KW array
connected to Atlantic City
Utility Authority
• Cost: $2,800,000, $52 per
SF
• Incentives: $840,000
• Annual Savings: $95,000
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Initial Calculation (2009/10):
• SREC: $209,000
• 6.5 year payback
• Revised (2013 estimated)
• SREC: $75,000
• 9 to 10 year payback
Sustainable Strategies
Alternative Transportation
• Increased density
• Walkability,
pedestrian
accessibility
• Improve
streetscape
• Six electric
vehicle charging
stations
• Heavily used
• Costs per station
($8,900)
Balancing Budget and
Sustainability
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Utilize solar array to offset energy use and costs
Urban infill and site selection critical to overall sustainability
Local contractor
Practical decisions with intent on the part of the owner
Total Project Cost: $31,650,000
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Solar Array: $3,000,000
Billboard: $500,000
Metal Screening: $400,000
Retail Shell Space: $1,000,000
• Parking Cost: $26,700,000
• Includes architectural elements
• Cost per space: $22,600 (1182 spaces)
• Efficiency per space: 326 SF/space
Case Study: TDM
• TDM Measures reduce
parking demand
• Campus TDM programs often
reduce auto trips by 10-30%
(Brown, Hess & Shoup, 1998)
• Students are relatively
sensitive to transit pricing,
frequency, and overall service
quality (Ubillos and Sainz,
2004)
• 20-30% of students and staff
who drive may change their
travel behavior if incentives
were offered (Shannon, et al,
2006)
Case Study: TDM
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2010 – Penn sets a goal of 50/50
split between driving and use of
sustainable modes w/in 5 years
(Was 60/40)
Permit pricing phased out in 2011
New TDM programs started –
carpool parking, occasional
parking, 3rd party vanpool and
transit benefit administration
Subsidy provided for all transit and
vanpool users
Ticketing introduced to reduce use
of towing but improve enforcement
Car sharing locations increased
Parking facilities had closed
around Medical Complex
Partnerships
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LUCY circulator shuttle and
intermodal connector
Car Sharing
Vanpool
Guaranteed ride home
Electric charging stations
Transit/remote parking providers –
SEPTA, PATCO, New Jersey
Transit & Amtrak
Transit pass discount
LEV parking, carpool, vanpool and
occasional parking discounts
Case Study: TDM
Demand Based Pricing - September
2012
• Targeted at locations with long wait
lists for permits high demand for daily
parking
• Permit Price increased 5% versus 13% elsewhere
• Long term – will create tiered permit
pricing based on demand at each
facility.
• July 1, 2013 – two medical center
garages permit price increased by 4%
• All other locations increased by 3%.
• 4 pricing levels created for permits
based on demand
• There were only 2 pricing levels in
2012
• Continue to identify locations with high
utilization and/or wait lists
EV Charging Stations
Trending Now: DriveNow
Trending Now: Microgrid