ATTITUDE
&
BEHAVIOUR
What is Attitude?
Attitude as defined by Schermerhorn is a predisposition to respond in a positive or negative
way to someone or something in one’s
environment. When a person says he likes or
dislikes something, an attitude is being expressed.
Attitude constitute an important psychological
attributes of individuals, which shape their
behaviour. It can also be defined as the way
person feels about something - a person, a place a
commodity, a situation or an idea. It expresses
individuals positive or negative feeling about the
same object.
Attitude may be regarded as varying in
several ways:• Direction : - For or against something.
• Degree :
-Favourableness. To be neutral in
attitude is to be in-different to the
object.
• Intensity:
- Degree of confidence.
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES
Cognitive or
Informational
component
Ideas, Belief,
Values and
Information
Affective or
Emotional
component
Feelings of likes
and dislikes
positive & negative
Attitude
Attitude Object
Behavioural
component
Tendency to
behave
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE OUR ATTITUDE
 Environment
 Experience
 Education
ENVIRONMENT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING
 Home :
 School:
 Work :
 Media:
Positive or Negative influences.
Peer Pressures.
Supportive or over critical Supervisor.
Television, Newspapers, Magazines,
Radio, movies.
 Cultural back ground.
 Traditions and Beliefs.
 Social Environment.
 Political Environment.
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC OF
ATTITUDE
 Attitudes affect behaviour
 Attitudes are invisible
 Attitudes are acquired
 Attitudes are pervasive
 Attitudes & Belief
 Attitudes & Values
SOURCES OF ATTITUDE
DIRECT
PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE
ATTITUDES
ASSOCIATION
SOCIAL
LEARNING
FORMATION OF ATTITUDE
 Psychological factors
 Family factors
 Social factors
 Organizational factors
 Economical factors
 Political factors
BEHAVIOUR
BEHAVIOUR IS AN ACT OR FUNCTION IN A
PARTICULAR MANNER/WAY.
IF WE IMPROVE BEHAVIOUR WE CAN GIVE
INCREASED EMPHASIS ON TEAMWORK,
TRUST, OPENNESS AND HELPFULNESS.
For Example:
If you were interested in improving your tennis serve,
you might observe a lot of people and their serves.
You would look at the pieces of their serves and
BREAK THEM INTO SMALLER/LITTLE PARTS
AS - HOW THEY HOLD THEIR RACKET, HOW
THEY TOSS THE BALL, WHERE THEY STAND,
HOW THEY SWING AND SO FORTH. Once you
have identified some of little steps that make the
difference between good service and not so good, you
thereafter start practicing them one at a time.
Similarly, suppose you want to identify the verbal
behaviour that make a difference between high
performance and low performance. What you will do,
observe lot of meetings:
CRITERIA FOR BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
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It could be measured accurately.
It should be easy to understand.
It should be distinct from other categories.
People could change how often they used it.
It could be related to effectiveness of performance.
CATEGORIES OF DIFFERENT BEHAVIOURS
INITIATING
REACTING
CLARIFYING
Initiating
Reacting
Clarifying
Proposing
Seeking Information
Supporting
Building
Giving Information
Disagreeing
Summarizing
Defending/
attacking
Testing understanding
Bringing in and shutting out are the special process
categories.
BEHAVIOUR
Definition & Examples
Behaviour
Category
Definition
Examples
Proposing
A behaviour that puts forward a
new suggestion, proposal or
course of action.
“Let’s deal with that one
tomorrow”
I suggest that we reduce the
number of security guards by
15%.
Building
A behaviour that usually takes
the form of proposal, but that
actually extends or develops a
proposal made by another
person. Since building is an
expansion of someone else’s plan
or suggestion, it can only occur
after a proposal has been
presented. It is not possible to
build on another person’s
information giving.
“.. And your plan would be even
better if we added a second
reporting stage.”
“You suggest that we should try
to raise money to buy now. Let
me make some suggestions about
how we might raise that money”
“If I can take that further, we
could also use the system to give
us better cost control.”
Behaviour
Category
Definition
Examples
Supporting
A behaviour that makes a
conscious & direct declaration
of agreement with or support
for another person or for their
concepts and opinions.
“Yes, I go along with that”
“Sounds okay by me.”
“Fine”
“I accept that”
Disagreeing
A behaviour that states a direct
disagreement or which raises
obstacles & objections to
another person’s concepts for
opinions. Disagreeing is about
issues.
“No, I don’t agree with that.”
“I don’t like the idea one bit.”
“Your third point just isn’t true.”
Defending
attacking
/ A behaviour that attacks
another person, either directly
or by defensiveness. Defending
/ attacking behaviour usually
involve value judgement and
often contain emotional
overtones. They are usually
about people, not issues.
“What you are suggesting just
won’t work”
“That’s stupid”
“..and your third point is either
stupid or an out-and-out lie!”
“Don’t blame me, it’s not my fault,
it’s John’s responsibility.”
Behaviour
Category
Definition
Examples
Testing
Understanding
A behaviour that seeks to
establish whether or not an
earlier contribution has been
understood. It differs from
seeking information in that it is
an attempt to ensure agreement
or consensus of some kind, and
refers to a prior question or
issue.
“Can I just check to be sure we’re
talking about the same thing here?”
“Can I take it that we all now agree
on this?”
Summarizing
A behaviour that summarizes
or restates, in a compact form,
the content of previous
discussions or events.
“So far, we have agreed
a)
To take legal action;
b) To take it before May; and
c)
To issue a write up in the
chairman’s name
Seeking
Information
A behaviour that seeks facts,
opinions, or clarification from
another person.
“What’s the time?”
“Can anyone tell me which page
this is on?”
“Have
you
checked
that
thoroughly?”
Behaviour
Category
Definition
Examples
Giving
Information
A behaviour that offers facts,
opinions, or clarification to
other people.
“I remember a case like that last
year”
“There are at least three down
there”
Bringing in
A behaviour that invites views
or opinions from a member of
the group who is not actively
participating in the discussion.
“Jane, have you anything to say on
this one?”
“All has been very quiet. I wonder
whether he has anything he would
like to say here.”
Shutting out
A behaviour that excludes
another person or persons, or
reduces their opportunity to
contribute. Interrupting is the
most common form of shutting
out.
John: “ What do you feel Bob?”
Karl: “What I feel is………..”
Karl is shutting out Bob.
WHY ATTITUDE IS IMPORTANT TO
ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
• Job Satisfaction Vs. Productivity,
Absenteeism
Employee turnover
• Job Involvement.
• Organization Commitment
CONSEQUENCES OF NEGATIVE ATTITUDE
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BITTERNESS
RESENTMENT
A PURPOSLESS LIFE
ILL HEALTH
HIGH STRESS LEVEL FOR
THEMSELVES AND OTHERS.
RECOGNIZE PEOPLE WITH A POSITIVE ATTITUDE
People with the attitude have certain
personality traits that are easy to recognize.
They are :
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Caring (Dushron ka khayal Rakhne wale)
Confident (Atam Vishwasi)
Patient (Dharayawan)
Humble (Vinamra)
??????????????????
They have high expectation of themselves and from
others. A person with a positive attitude is like a fruit
of all seasons.
BENEFITS OF POSITIVE ATTITUDE
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Increased productivity.
Fosters Team.
Solves problems.
Improve quality.
Makes for congenial atmosphere.
Breeds loyalty.
Increase profits.
Fosters better relationship with employers,
employees and customers.
• Reduces stress.
• Makes for pleasing personality.
EIGHT ACTION STEPS TO BUILD
POSITIVE ATTITUDE.
I.
Change focus, look for the positive.
II.
Make it a habit of doing it now.
III.
Develop an attitude of gratitude.
IV.
Get into a continuous education programme.
V.
Build a positive self-esteem.
VI.
Stay away from negative influences.
VII.
Learn to like the needs that need to be done.
VIII. Start your day with a positive attitude.