Solar local and global magnetism
new challenge for long-lasting synoptic observations.
(Topic 1. New and continuing scientific questions)
A.Kučera, P. Gömöry
Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
SK-05690 Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia
ABSTRACT:
Open questions on local and global solar magnetism are summarized concerning a design of a new
generation of solar synoptic telescopes.
Do we need long lasting polarimetric observations with synoptic facilities?
If yes, what concept of synoptic telescopes we need to keep sufficient spatial, spectral and temporal
resolutions and measure full stokes parameters?
1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany
Topic 1. New and continuing scientific
questions.
Open questions on local and global solar
magnetism
1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany
Topic 1. New and continuing scientific
questions.
Open questions on local and global solar magnetism
Open questions on local and global solar
magnetism
1. The solar neutrino problem
2. Structure of the solar interior (helioseismology)
magnetism mostly global 3. The solar magnetic field (dynamo, solar cycle, corona)
theory?
4. Hydrodynamics of coronal loops
magnetism local and global
5. MHD oscillations and waves (coronal seismology)
magnetism local and global
6. The coronal heating problem
magnetism local
7. Self-organized criticality (from nanoflares to giant flares)
magnetism local
8. Magnetic reconnection processes
magnetism local and global
9. Particle acceleration processes
magnetism global
10. Coronal mass ejections and coronal dimming
Simply say
local
= High-resolution telescopes
= NO long lasting continuous observations
global
= synoptic telescopes = YES long lasting continuous observations
Synoptic observations
A)science data for solution of some open questions, solar cycle, magnetism, irradiance variability, events
statistics, cycle and hemisphere anomalies...
B) context data for High-resolution telescopes to help to solve some open questions
1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany
Topic 1. New and continuing scientific
questions.
Design of a new generation of solar synoptic telescopes.
Do we need long lasting polarimetric
observations ?
For What?
For
For
For
For
A) science data for solution of some open questions,
B) context data for new generation of High-resolution telescopes (4m –class)
C) also context data for actual High-resolution telescopes (1-2 m –class)
D) both – science and context data
According the answer, we can set the Science requirements on the synoptic telescope(s)
and vice versa
According the Science requirements we can set the Design requirements on the synoptic telescopes
Because of crucial role of the magnetism in the open questions of solar physics, the new generation
of Synoptic telescope(s) (beside many other observational capabilities)
Should have highly efficient vector magnetometer
either as SOLIS (scanning)
or better a multiple stage tunable Lyot filter with polarimeter with ferro-liquid crystal polarizers (as
a CoMP, CHROMAG, SCD...)
and open question remains if it should be abble co cover coronal region
1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany
Topic 1. New and continuing scientific
questions.
Open questions:
What concept of synoptic telescopes we
need?
1)Aperture of the synoptic telescope.
We have synoptic telescopes 25-50 cm for high-resolution telescopes of 70-160 cm
What aperture is optimal for new generation of synoptic telescopes (60, 70 cm ?) for new generation
of high-resolution telescopes ( 4m class)
The answer will set also other parameters,
spatial resolution,
temporal resolution (especially for full disk vector magnetograms)
flexibility and number of spectral ranges and lines (shorter exposure – faster tunning)
...
1)Detectors
Large cameras – huge amount of data – handling efficiency – archives - accessibility.
Conclusion
„Magnetism is now known to be the key to most unsolved problems in solar
physics, including the 11-year activity cycle, chromospheric and coronal heating,
flares, coronal mass ejections, and space weather.
Even though more than a century has passed since the discovery of magnetism
in the solar atmosphere
(discovery by Hale in 1908 that sunspots are associated with strong magnetic
fields), these measurements remain difficult“.
Alfred G. de Wijn „Measuring Solar Magnetism“
Science 26 October 2012: Vol. 338 no. 6106 pp. 476-477
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226336